HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY

PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY

through A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) then the ratio in
SYNOPSIS which P divides AB , ie AP : PB = x1-x : x-x2
Distance between two points : or y1-y : y-y2
 i) The distance between two points W.E-1: If the point  x 1  t  x 2  x 1  , y1  t  y 2  y 1  
A (x1, y1) & B (x2, y2) is
divides the join of  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2 
2 2
AB = (x1  x 2 )  (y1  y 2 ) internally, then t 
ii) The distance of the point P (x, y) from the Sol : ratio is x1  x : x  x 2
 x1  x1  t(x2  x1 ) : x1  t  x2  x1   x 2
origin O is OP = x 2  y2
 t(x1  x 2 ) :  x1  x2   t  x1  x 2 
iii) The distance between the points P  x1 , y1 
t:1t 0 (  Division is internal)
and Q  x1 , y 2  is  y1  y2   t  1  t   0  t   0,1 
iv)The distance between the points P  x1 , y1  v) The ratio in which the line segment joining
(x1, y1) and (x2,y2) is divided by
and Q  x 2 , y1  is  x1  x 2  i) x-axis is -y1 : y2 ii) y-axis is -x1 : x2
v) The distance of a point P  x , y  from Harmonic Conjugate :
x-axis is | y | and from y-axis is | x |  If P and Q divide AB internally and externally in
Section Formula : the same ratio, then P is called as harmonic
 i) P is any point on the line passing through A and conjugate of Q and Q is called as harmonic
B. P divides AB in the ratio AP : PB.
conjugate of P, also P, Q are a pair of conjugate
If AP and PB are in the same sense (direction)
then the division is internal, otherwise the division points w.r.t. A and B
is external. i) Q is harmonic conjugate of P with respect to A,
B then AP, AB, AQ are in H.P.
ii) If P, Q divide AB harmonically in the ratio m:n
then A, B divide PQ harmonically in the ratio
(m-n) : (m+n).
ii) The point ‘P’ which divides the line segment W.E-2:If Q is harmonic conjugate of P with respect to
joining A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) in the ratio m : n A, B and AP = 2, AQ = 6 then AB =
Sol : AP, AB, AQ are in H.P.
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 
a) internally then P =  m  n , m  n  ; 2 1 1
      AB = 3
AB AP AQ
(m + n  0) Points of trisection :
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1   If P and Q are points on the line segment joining
b) externally then P=  m  n , m  n  ;
  A, B dividing AB in the ratio 1:2 or 2:1 then P
(m-n  0) and Q are called points of trisection of AB .
iii) The mid point of the line segment joining i) If P and Q are points of trisection of AB then
 x1  x 2 y1  y 2  a) mid point of AB is same as mid point of PQ .
(x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is  , 
 2 2  AB
iv) If P (x, y) is any point on the line passing b) PQ  3
JR-MATHEMATICS JEE MAINS & ADVANCED VOL-III 1
PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE

W.E-3: If P and Q are two points on the line triangle.

joining A(-2,5), B(3,1) such that AP= PQ h2
= QB then PQ= b) where ‘h’ is length of the altitude of the
3
AB 25  16 41 triangle
Sol. PQ   
3 3 3  If G is centroid of  ABC then
Collinearity : i) area of  ABC = 3 area of  ABG
 Three or more points are said to be collinear iff = 3 area of  BCG
they lie on a straight line. = 3 area of  ACG
i) The points A, B, C are collinear iff
AB + BC = AC or AC+CB=AB
or BA + AC = BC
ii) Points A,B,C are collinear iff Area of
 ABC  0
ii) If D, E, F are mid points of sides BC, CA,
iii) The condition for the three points (x1, y1), AB of  ABC then
(x2, y2) and (x3, y3) to be collinear is
x1-x2 : x2-x3 = y1-y2 : y2-y3

Area of the Triangle :

 i) Area is non negative
ii) Area of the triangle formed by the vertices
area of  ABC = 4 area of  AEF
x1 y1 1 = 4 area of  BDF
1
 x1, y1  , x2, y2  and  x3, y3  is 2 x2 y2 1 = 4 area of  DCE
x3 y3 1 = 4 area of  DEF
W.E-4: In a triangle ABC, A(5,6), B(-1,4) and
iii) Area of t he t riangle wit h vertices centroid is at (2, 4). Then area of triangle
(x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) is formed by the mid points of sides of ABC is
Sol : Area of ABC = 3 (Area of GAB )
1 x1  x 2 y1  y 2
= 4 (Area of DEF )
2 x1  x 3 y1  y3 sq.units
3
iv) Area of the triangle with vertices  Area of DEF  area of GAB
4
(0, 0), (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is
3 1 51 6  4 9
1  .  sq.units
| x1 y 2  x 2 y1 | sq. units. 4 2 52 64 4
2
v) Area of the triangle formed by Area of Quadrilateral :
 1  1  1  i) Area of the quadrilateral formed by
A  a,  , B  b,  and C  c,  (x1, y1) , (x2, y2) , (x3, y3) and (x4, y4) is
 a  b  c
(a  b)(b  c)(c  a) 1 x1  x3 y1  y3
is
2abc 2 x2  x4 y2  y4 sq. units
vi) Area of an equilateral triangle is ii) Area of the pentagon formed by (xk, yk)
(k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is
3 2
a) a where ‘a’ is length of the side of the
4

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HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY
(a) AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 3(GA2 + GB2 + GC2).
1 x1 x 2 x3 x4 x5 x1
2 y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y1 sq. units (b) 3  AB 2  BC 2  CA2  = 4(AD2 + BE2 + CF2)
v) If G is centroid of  ABC and P is any point in
iii) If p1 , p2 are the distances between two the triangle then
parallel sides and  is the angle between two PA2 + PB2 + PC2 = GA2 + GB2 + GC2 + 3PG2
Incentre :
adjacent sides of a parallelogram then it's area
 The internal angular bisectors of a triangle are
pp concurrent and the point of concurrency is called
is 1 2 incentre of the triangle. Incentre is equidistant from
sin 
all the three sides.
A
A
A/2 A/2

iv) In case of rhombus p1  p2  p thus area of N

M
2
p
rhombus =
sin 

C/
W.E-5: The area of the pentagon whose vertices
2

2
B/
B/2 C/2
are (4, 1), (3,6 ), (-5,1), (-3, -3) and (-3, 0) is B D C

1) 30 Sq. Units 2) 60 Sq. Units

i) In a triangle ABC, if the internal angular bisector
3) 120 Sq. Units 4) 75 Sq. Units
of A meets BC at D then
1 4 3 5 3 3 4 60
Sol :   30 Sq. Units BD : DC = AB : AC.
2 1 6 1 3 0 1 2
ii) If I is incentre of  ABC then AI : ID =
Centroid :
 In any triangle medians are concurrent and the (AB+AC) : BC where AD is the internal angular
point of concurrency is called centroid of the bisector of  A.
triangle. iii) In  ABC , if A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and
i) Centroid divides each median from vertex in C (x3, y3), BC = a, CA = b and AB = c then
the ratio 2:1 internally.
incentre of  ABC is
 ax 1  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy 3 
I=  , 
 a bc a bc 
iv)The incentre of a triangle formed by
(0, 0), (a,0), (0,b) is
 a|b| b|a| 
ii) Centroid of the triangle formed by I , 
 | a |  | b |  a 2  b2 | a |  | b |  a 2  b2
A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C (x3, y3) is  
 x1  x 2  x 3 y1  y 2  y3  W.E-6 : In ABC , the vertices are A=(2,3),
 ,  B=(-2,-5), C=(-4,6). If P is a point on BC
 3 3 
such that AP bisects the angle A, then P =
iii) If D, E, F are midpoints of sides AB, BC, CA
Sol : P divides BC in the ratio AB:AC =
of  ABC then centroid of  ABC = centroid of
 DEF. 4 5 :3 5  4:3
iv) If G is centroid and D,E,F are midpoints of  16  6 24  15   22 9 
P ,  , 
sides BC , CA, AB of  ABC then  7 7   7 7

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PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE

Ex-Centre : iii) The triangle formed by the feet of altitudes in a

 The internal angular bisector of one angle and triangle is called Orthic triangle or Pedal triangle.
external angular bisectors of other two angles of a Here triangle DEF is the orthic triangle of triangle
triangle are concurrent and the point of concurrency ABC .
is called Excentre. iv) In a right angled triangle the vertex at the right
angle is the orthocentre of the triangle.
v) For acute angled triangle orthocentre lies inside
the triangle.
vi) For obtuse angled triangle orthocentre lies
outside the triangle.
vii) If ‘O’ is orthocentre of  ABC then the four
points O, A, B and C are such that each point is
i) The excentre opposite to the vertex A is orthocentre of the triangle formed by the remaining
three points.
  ax1  bx 2  cx 3  ay1  by 2  cy3 
I1 =  ,  viii) Orthocentre of the triangle formed by the points
 a  b  c a  b  c 
 c  c   c
ii) The excentre opposite to the vertex B is  ct 1 ,  ,  ct 2 ,  and  ct 3 , 
 t1   t2   t3 
 ax1  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy3   c 
I2 =  , 
 abc abc  is  t t t , ct 1 t 2 t 3 
 1 2 3 
iii) The excentre opposite to the vertex C is ix) The orthocentre of the triangle formed with
(0, 0), (x1 , y1) and (x2, y2) as vertices is
 ax1  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy3 
I3 =  ,  x1x 2  y1 y 2
 a  bc a  b c 
(k(y2  y1), k(x1  x2)) where k = x y  x y
iv) In any triangle incentre I is orthocentre of the 1 2 2 1
triangle formed by excentres I1, I2 & I3. W.E-7: The orthocentre of the triangle whose
v) Let ABC be a fixed triangle and P be variable
point in the plane of triangle ABC. Suppose a,b,c  1   1 1   3 1
vertices are  2, 2  ,  2 , 2  and  2, 2  is
are lengths of sides BC, CA, AB opposite to angles      
A,B,C respectively. Sol : Slope of AB is 0, slope of AC is not defined 
2 2 2
If a  PA   b  PB   c  PC  is minimum, Triangle is right angled.
then the point P with respect  1 
 Orthocentre = A   2, 2 
to ABC , is incentre.  

Orthocentre : Circum Centre:

 The altitudes of a triangle are concurrent and the  In any triangle perpendicular bisectors of sides
point of concurrency is called orthocentre (O) of are concurrent and the point of concurrence is
the triangle. called circum centre (S) of that triangle. Circum
centre is at an equidistance from all the three
vertices.
i) The circumcentre of a right angled triangle is
mid point of its hypotenuse.
ii) For acute angled triangle circumcentre lies inside
i) BD : DC = tanC : tanB the triangle.
ii) AO : OD = tanB + tanC : tanA

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 HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY

iii) For obtuse angled triangle circumcentre lies iii) In a triangle ABC if BC is the largest side then
outside the triangle. a) AB 2  AC 2  BC 2  triangle ABC is right
angled
iv) The circum centre of the triangle formed by
b) AB 2  AC 2  BC 2  triangle ABC is an
(0, 0), (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is
acute angled triangle
 y2 (x12  y12 )  y1(x22  y22 ) x2 (x12  y12 )  x1(x22  y22 )  c) AB 2  AC 2  BC 2  triangle ABC is an
 , 
2(x y  x y ) 2(x2 y1  x1 y2) obtuse angled triangle.
 1 2 2 1 
W.E-10: The triangle with the vertices (-2,4), (0,0),
 The co-ordinates of vertices of an equilateral (5,-1) is
triangle are not all rational.
 In an equilateral triangle orthocentre,circum Sol : AB 2  20,BC2  26,AC2  49  25  74
centre, centroid,incentre coincide. AB2  BC 2  CA 2 ,BC 2  CA 2  AB2 ,
W.E-8: If A (3, -4), B(7, 2) are the ends of a diameter
of a circle and C is a point on the circle then CA 2  AB 2  BC 2
the circumcentre of ABC is  Triangle is obtuse angled triangle.
Sol : Angle in a semicircle is a right angle. Types of Quadrilaterals :
Circumcentre = mid point of AB = (5, -1)  i) The quadrilateral formed by
Nine Point Circle : A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) , C (x3, y3) and D (x4, y4)
 In a triangle ABC, let D, E, F be the feet of the is a Parallelogram if
altitudes, and X, Y, Z be the mid point of the sides mid point of AC = mid point of BD
of triangle and P, Q, R are the mid points of AO, ii) Parallelogram ABCD is a
BO, CO where ‘O’ is the orthocentre then D, E, a) Rhombus if AB = BC and AC  BD
F, X, Y, Z, P, Q, R lie on a circle called nine point b) Rectangle if AB  BC and AC = BD
circle of the triangle. c) Square if AB = BC and AC = BD
i) The centre of the nine point circle, denoted by Missing Vertices :
‘N’, N is the mid point of orthocentre and
 i) If G ( xo, yo) is centroid of  ABC whose two
circumcentre (ON=NS) vertices are (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), then third vertex
1 (x3,y3) = (3x0  x1  x2, 3y0  y1  y2)
ii) Radius of the nine point circle = ( circum
2 ii) If D, E, F are mid points of the sides
radius) A
iii) (a) OG : GS = 2 : 1 (3G=2S+O)
(b) ON : NG : GS = 3 : 1 : 2
W.E-9: The radius of nine point circle of the
triangle formed by (4,6), (0,4), (6,2) is
Sol : AB 2  16  4  20 , BC 2  36  4  40 , B C
AC 2  4  16  20 . Triangle is right angled.
BC, CA, AB of  ABC then A = E + F  D,
hyp 2 10 B=F+D  E, C=D+E  F
Circum radius R    10
2 2 iii) If (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) are three
R 10 5 consecutive vertices of a parallelogram, then its
Radius of nine point circle is   fourth vertex is (x1 + x3  x2 , y1 + y3  y2)
2 4 2
 If (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) be the vertices of base of
Nature of Triangle Based on an Angle :
 i)If all the three angles in a triangle are acute, an isosceles triangle and the angle made by the
then the triangle is called an acute angled triangle. sides with the base is ‘ ’, then the third vertex is
ii) If any one of the three angles is greater than a   x1  x 2   tan   y1  y2   y1  y2   tan   x1  x 2  
 , 
right angle, then the triangle is called obtuse angled  2 2 
triangle.
JR-MATHEMATICS JEE MAINS & ADVANCED VOL-III 5
PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
i) Two vertices of an equilateral triangle are (x1,y1)  The figure obtained by joining the middle points of
and (x2,y2) then the third vertex can be the quadrilateral in order is parallelogram
  x1  x 2   3  y1  y 2   y1  y 2   3  x1  x 2    In a parallelogram, if diagonals intersect at right


, 
 angles, then parallelogram is rhombus
 2 2 
 Diagonals of a rhombus bisects the angles
ii) If (x1,y1) , (x2,y2) are two opposite vertices of  Let two straight lines meet at A and any line Parallel
a square then the other two vertices are to angle bisector meet them in B and C then triangle
  x1  x 2    y1  y 2   y1  y2    x1  x 2   ABC is isosceles triangle and
 ,  AB = AC
 2 2 
x1 x 2  y1 y 2
 cos POQ 
W.E-11: If a vertex of a triangle is (1,1) and the x 1  y 21
2
x 22  y 22
mid points of two sides through this vertex Where P  x1 , y1  , Q  x2 , y2  and '0' be the
are (-1,2) and (3,2) then the centroid of the
origin.
triangle is
 If P is the length of the diagonal of a square
Sol : D=E+F-A=(-1+3-1,2+2-1)=(1,3)
then
 7
centroid of ABC = centroid of DEF   1, 3  p
  a) length of the side is units.
2
Length of the Medians :
p2
 Length of the median through vert ex b) Area of the square is
2
1
i) A is 2b 2  2c 2  a 2
2 CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS
1
ii)B is 2c 2  2a 2  b 2 1. The number of points equidistant from two
2
given points is
1 1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) Infinite
iii) C is 2a 2  2b 2  c 2
2 2. The number of points equidistant from three
Where AB = c ; BC = a ; CA = b
given distinct collinear points is
WE-12: If G is the centroid of ABC and BC=3,
CA=4, AB=5 then BG= 1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) Infinite
Sol : Length of t he median through B is 3. The number of points equidistant from three
1 1 given non-collinear points is
2c 2  2a 2  b 2  50  18  16  13  1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) Infinite
2 2
4. If two vertices of an equilateral triangle
2 52
BG 
3
 
13 
3
have integral coordinates, then the third
vertex will have
Some standard results: 1) Integral coordinates
 The line segment joining the mid points of two 2) coordinates which are rational
sides of triangle is equal to half 3) at least one coordinate irrational
of the third side and parallel to 4) coordinates which are irrational
the third side
 In a triangle ABC if AD is the median drawn to 5. ( x1 , y1 ),  x2 , y2  ,  x3 , y3  be the co-ordinates

BC then AB 2  AC 2  2  AD 2  BD 2  of vertices of a triangle such that xi and yi

 A triangle is isosceles if any two of its medians   i  1, 2, 3  are rational numbers, then
are equal which of the following has not necessarily
 The diagonals in rhombus,square,rectangle and rational co-ordinates
parallelogram bisect each other 1) incentre 2) centroid
3) circumcentre 4) orthocentre
6 JR-MATHEMATICS JEE MAINS & ADVANCED VOL-III
HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY
6. The centre of the circle which pass through 5. Distance between the points
the vertices of a rectangle is  2  2  
 
1) Mid point of the diagonal 2) One vertex  a cos    3  , a sin    3   and
3) Divides one diagonal in the ratio 1 : 2     
4) Divides one diagonal in the ratio 2 : 1      
7. The number of points on x-axis which are at  a cos    3  , a sin    3   is
    
a distance c units (c < 3) from (2, 3) is 1) 2a 2) 3a 3) a/2 4) a
1) 1 2) 2 3) 0 4) 3 6. If (2, 1), (2, 5) are opposite corners of a
square then the length of its side is
CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS - KEY 1) 4 2) 2 2 3) 3 4) 2
1) 4 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3 5) 1 SECTION FORMULA AND POINTS
6) 1 7) 3 OF TRISECTION
7. The point R (22,23) divides the join of P(7,5)
CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS - HINTS and Q externally in the ratio 3 : 5 then Q is
1) (  3, 7) 2) (3,  7) 3) (  3,  7) 4) (4, 1)
8. If the points A(a, b), B(  a,  b) and P(a2, ab)
1. All points on perpendicular bisector are equidistant
are collinear then the ratio in which P divides
from given points.
2. Such type of points does not exist. AB is
1) 1 + a : 1  a 2) 1 : a 3) a : 1 4) 1  a : 1 + a
3. Circumcentre is equidistance from three non-
9. If A(a, 2), B(b, 3) then x-axis divides AB in
collinear points.
the ratio
4. Area of equilateral triangle is an irrational number. 1) 3 : 2 externally 2) 2 : 3 externally
5. Length of the sides need not be rational. Hence 3) a : b externally 3) b : a externally
incentre need not be rational co-ordinates. 10. A point of trisection of the line joining the
6. In right angled triangled circumcentre is mid point points (  1, 2), (3,  4) is
of the hypotenuse. 1) (1/3, 1) 2) (5/3,  2)
3) (1/3, 2) 4) (5/3, 11)
7. Minimum distance from (2, 3) to x-axis is 3.
HARMONIC CONJUGATE
LEVEL-I (PRACTICE IN CLASS) 11. The harmonic conjugate of (4, 1) with respect
to the points (3, 2) and (  1, 6) is
DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS
7 8 7 8
1. If the distance between the points (k,2) and 1) (  4, 1) 2) (1, 4) 3)  ,  4)  , 
 3 3 6 6
(3,4) is 8 then k = TRIANGLES
1) 3  60 2) 60 3) - 60 4) 57 12. The triangle with the vertices (4, 3), (  3,2),
2. The distance between the points (1,  6) is
(sin  , cos  ) and (cos  , -sin  ) is 1) An obtuse angled triangle
1) 1 2) 2 3) 2 4) 6 2) An acute angled triangle
3. The distance of the point (x,y) from its image 3) Right angled 4) Right angled isosceles
in x-axis is  8
13. The points  0,  , 1,3 ,  82,30 are vertices
 3
1) 2|x| 2) 2|y| 3) x 2  y 2 4) 0
of
4. The mid points of the sides AB and AC of a 1) An obtuse angled triangle
triangle ABC are (3, 5), (  3,  3) then the 2) An acute angled triangle
length of the side BC is 3) Right angled 4) Lies on a same line
1) 40 2) 20 3) 30 4)18

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 PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE

14. A triangle with vertices (4, 0), (  1,  1), 20. If the points (k, 2k), (3k, 3k) and (3,1) are
collinear, then k = ........
(3, 5) is
1) 1/3 2) -1/3 3) 3 4) -3
1) an isosceles and right angled
2) an isosceles but not right angled QUADRILATERAL
3) a right angled but not isosceles
4) neither right angled nor isosceles 21. The points (5, -3), (-3, -2), (9, 12), (17,11) taken
in order form a
AREA OF THE TRIANGLE & 1) Parallelogram 2) Rhombus
COLLINEAR POINTS 3) Rectangle 4) Square
15. If 1, a  ,  3, 9a  ,  4, b  ,  6,18  are 22. The points (-1, 5), (-2, -3), (5,1) (6,9) taken in
order are the vertices of a
 b 1) Parallelogram 2) Rhombus
collinear, then  a,   3) Rectangle 4) Square
 a
23. If 3, 5 be the distances between the parallel
6 
1)  6,13 2)  7 ,13  sides and 30O is the angle between two adjacent
 
sides of a parallelogram then its area
 6 13  1) 15/2 2) 15 3) 30 4) 15/4
3)  7 , 7  4)  21,13
 
16. The maximum area of the triangle formed by LENGTH OF MEDIANS
the points (0,0), (acos  , bsin  ) and (acos  , 24. The vertices of a triangle are (2,1),
-b sin  ) (in square units) (-2,-2), (1,0). Then sum of squares of the
lengths of the medians of the triangle is
3 ab
1) ab 2) ab 3) 4) a2b2 1) 25 2) 40 3) 30 4) 45
4 2 25. The mid points of the sides BC, CA, AB of a
17. An equilateral triangle has each side equal triangle ABC are (-1,3), (-2,4), (2,-5) then the
to ‘a’. If (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) are the length of the median through vertex A is
2
x1 y1 1 1) 5 5 2) 53 3) 338 4) 5 2
vertices of the triangle then x2 y2 1 = 26. A (-1, 3), B (1, -1), C (5,1) are the vertices of
x3 y3 1 a triangle ABC. Then the length of the median
through the vertex A is
4
3a 4
1) 3a 2) 3) 4a4 4) a4 1) 7 2) 6 3) 8 4) 5
4
y z z x MISSING VERTICES
18. The sides of a triangle are  ,  and
z x x y 27. If the points (a+b, a-b), (2a+b, 2a-b),
x y (a-b, a+b) are the consecutives vertices of a
 then its area in square units is
y z parallelogram then its fourth vertex is
1) (b,-b) 2) (2b,b) 3) (-b,b) 4) (b,2b)
x y z
1) xyz 2)   28. If P (1,2), Q (4,6), R(5,7), S(a,b) are vertices
y z x of a parallelogram PQRS then
x2 y 2 z2 1) a  2, b  4 2) a  3, b  4
3) xyz 4) 3) a  2, b  3 4) a  3, b  5
2
19. The centroid and two vertices of a triangle 29. If  2, 4  ,  2, 6  are two vertices of an
are (4,  8), (  9, 7), (1,4) then the area of equilateral triangle then the third vertex is
the triangle is 
1) 2  3,5   
2) 3  2,5
1) 333 sq.units
3) 111 sq.units
2) 166.5 sq.units
4) 55.5 sq.units

3) 5, 2  3   
4) 5, 2  3

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HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY

30. If the points (0,0), (3, 3 ), (p,q) form an 37. If A(3,  4), B(7, 2) are the ends of a diameter
equilateral triangle and q1, q2 are the two of a circle and C(3, 2) is a point on the circle
values of q then q1+q2 = then the orthocentre of the  ABC is
1) (0, 0) 2) (3,  4) 3) (3, 2) 4) (7, 2)
1) 2 3 2) 3 3)  3 4) 0
38. The vertices of a triangle are (0,0),  
3,3 ,
31. If  2, 4  ,  4, 2  are the extremities of the
hypotenuse of a right angled isosceles  
3,3 then the incentre is
triangle, then the third vertex is 1) (0, 2) 2) (2, 0) 3) (1, 1) 4) (1, 2)
1)  2, 2  or  4, 4  2)  3,3 or  4, 4  LEVEL-I (PRACTICE IN CLASS) - KEY
3)  2, 2  or  3,3 4)  2,3 or  3, 2  1) 1 2) 2 3) 2 4) 2 5) 4 6) 2
7) 3 8) 4 9) 2 10) 2 11) 3 12) 2
CENTROID, ORTHOCENTRE, 13) 4 14) 1 15) 2 16) 3 17) 2 18) 2
CIRCUMCENTREAND 19) 2 20) 2 21) 1 22) 2 23) 3 24) 3
INCENTRE 25) 2 26) 4 27) 3 28) 3 29) 1 30) 2
31) 1 32) 2 33) 1 34) 2 35) 4 36) 3
32. If (1,a), (2,b), (c2,-3) are VERTICES of a triangle 37) 3 38) 1
then the condition for its centroid to lie on
x-axis is LEVEL-I (PRACTICE IN CLASS) - HINTS
1) 3a + 3b = 1 2) a+b=3
3) ab=3 4) 2a+3b=7 1.  K  3
2
 4  64
33. In  ABC, A (5,6) and its centroid is (2,3)
2. Put  = 0
then mid point of the side BC is
1) (1/2, 3/2) 2) (3/2, 3/4) 3. The image of  x, y  w.r.to X-axis is  x,  y 
3) (3/2, 1/2) 4) (3/4, 3/2) 4. If E,F are mid points of AB and AC
then BC = 2EF
34. A  3 x1 ,3 y1  , B  3x2 ,3 y2  , C  3 x3 ,3 y3  are 5. Put  = 0
vertices of a triangle with orthocentre H 6. 2x 2  16  x  2 2
at  x1  x2  x3 , y1  y2  y3  then the  3x  35 3y  25 
7. Let Q  x, y  ;  ,   22, 23 
ABC   2 2 

    8. m : n  x1  x2 : x2  x3 , a  a 2 : a2  a
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 3 6 4 9. y1 : y 2
35. Circumradius of the triangle with vertices (2a, 10. The point divides given points in the ratio 2:1 is
0), (2a, 2b), (0, 2b) is
5 
a 2  b2  , 2 
1) 2 a 2  b 2 2) 3 
2
11.  4,1 divides  3,2  and  1,6  in the ratio
3) 2a 2  b 2 4) a 2  b 2
-1:5. The point that divides joining the line segment
36. The vertices of a triangle are (6, 6), (0, 6)and
(6,0) the distance between its circumcentre and 7 8
centroid is  3, 2  and  1,6  in the ratio 1:5 is  3 , 3 
1
1) 2 2 2) 2 3) 2 4) 12. AB2  50,BC 2  80,AC 2  90
2
AB2  BC 2  AC 2 ,BC 2  CA 2  AB2 ,

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 PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE

CA 2  AB 2  BC 2  2  4   4  2  4  2   2  4 
31. Third Vertex  , 
 2 2 
13. Slopes are equal.
  3  1,3  1 ,   4, 4  or  2, 2 
14. AB2  26,BC 2  52,AC 2  26 32. Gy  0
15. Slope of AB = Slope of BC . 33 G divides AD in ratio 2:1
1 34. Centroid = Orthocentre
16.  x1 y 2  x 2 y 1 
2  It is equilateral triangle.
1
 ab sin 2 for maximum  sin2  = 1 35. Given points form a right angled triangle
2
x1 y1 1 36. Given points form a right angled triangle
3 2 1 37. C  900
a  x2 y2 1
17. 4 2
x3 y3 1 38. Given points form an equilateral triangle,
I = G
3 2
18. put x = y = z = 1, Area  a
4 LEVEL-I (SELF WORKING)
19. Area of the triangle = 3  area of GAB 
DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS
20. Area of the triangle = 0 1. Distance between two points
21. AB 2  65,BC 2  340,AC 2  241 (2, cot  ) and (1, 0) is
22. AB 2  65,BC2  65,AC 2  52 1) cosec  2) sec  3) | Sec  | 4) | cosec  |
p1 p2
23.   
sin  2. If <  <  , then the distance between
2
3
24. AD 2  BE 2  CF 2 
4
 AB 2  BC 2  CA2  two points (tan  , 2) and (0, 1) is
1) cosec  2) sec  3)  sec  4)  cosec 
25. A  E  F  D   1, 4  3. The distance between two points (1, 1) and
AD  4  49
 2t 2 (1  t)2 
 2
, 2  is
26. A  1, 3  D  3, 0  , AD  5  1 t 1 t 
27. D  A  C  B 1) 4t 2) 3t 3) 1 4) 24
28. S=P+R-Q 4. P is a point on the line x=y. If the distance of
29. Third vertex P from (1,3) is 10 then x and y coordinates of
P are both equal to
 x1  x 2  3  y 1  y 2  y 1  y 2  3  x 1  x 2   1) 9 or -5 2) -9 or 5 3) -9 or -5 4) 9 or 5
 , 
 2 2  5. A circle with centre (3,-4) touches
 
X-axis its radius is
 2  2  3  4  6 4  6  3 2  2  1) 5 2) 3 3) 9/2 4) 4
 , 
 2 2  6. The length of the diagonal of a square is (a+b)
 
then its perimeter is

 2  3, 5  1) 4(a+b) 2) 2 2 (a+b)
30. q1  q2  y1  y2  0  3
3) 2 (a+b) 4) 2(a+b)

10 JR-MATHEMATICS JEE MAINS & ADVANCED VOL-III

HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY

SECTION FORMULA & POINTS OF 14. The points (a,b), (-a, -b), (b 3, a 3) are the
TRISECTION vertices of a triangle which is
7. The coordinates of the point which divides 1) Isosceles 2) Equilateral
the line segment joining (a+b, a-b) and 3) Right angled 4) Scalene
(a-b, a+b) in the ratio of a:b externally is
AREA OF THE TRIANGLE &
 a 2  2ab  b 2 a 2  b 2  COLLINEAR POINTS
1)  , 
 ab ab 
15. If the points (a,b), (b,c), (c,a) are collinear
2 2
 a  2ab  b a  b 2 2 then a2 + b2 + c2 =
2)  ,  1) 3abc 2) ab + bc + ca
 ab ab 
3) 2(ab + bc + ca) 4) 3(a + b + c)
 a 2  2ab  b 2 a 2  b 2  16. Area of the triangle formed by (x1, y1),
3)  ,  (x2, y2), (3x2  2x1, 3y2  2y1) is
 ab ab 
1) 0 sq.units 2) x1y1 sq.units
 a 2  ab  2b 2 a 2  ab  2b 2  3) 3 sq.units 4) 6 sq.units
4)  ,  17. (2,  3), (6, 5), (  2, 1) are three consecutive
 a  2b 2a  b  vertices of a rhombus then its area is
8. The points A(1,2), B(  3,4), C(7,  1) aree 1) 24 2) 36 3) 18 4) 48
collinear .The ratio in which A divides BC is
18. The points  a,0 ,  0, b , 1,1 are collinear if
1) 2 : 3 2) 3 : 2 3)  2 : 3 4)  3 : 2
9. The ratio in which the y-axis divides the line 1 1 1 1
segment joining (3,6), (12,  3) is 1)  1 2)  2
a b a b
1) 1 : 4 internally 2)  2 : 1
3) 1 : 4 externally 4) 2 : 1 1 1 1 1
3)  3 4)   4
10. If A(  2, 5), B(3, 1) and P, Q are the points of a b a b
trisection of AB , then mid point of PQ is 19. Area of triangle formed by
x1  kx2 y1  ky2 
1) (2, 3)
1 
2)  2 , 3 
 1 
3)   2 , 4  4) (1, 4)  x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  ,  ,  is
     1 k 1 k 
HARMONIC CONJUGATE 1)  k  1 y1  y2 2)  k  1 x1  x2
11 The points A (1,-3), B(2,-2), C (5,1) are 3) x1 y2  x2 y1 4) 0
collinear then the harmonic conjugate of B
with respect to A, C is 20. If A, B, C are collinear points, A = (3,4),
1) (1,4) 2) (1,-5) 3) (-1,-5) 4) (7,3) B = (7,7) and AC = 10 then C =
1) (5, 2) 2) (5,  2)
TRIANGLES 3) (  5,  2) 4) (  5, 2)
12. The triangle with vertices (a, b), (a,a), QUADRILATERAL
(b, a) is
21. The points (0,  1), (2,1), (0,3), (  2,1) taken
1) Equilateral 2) Isosceles in order form a
3) Right angled 4) Right angled isosceles 1) Parallelogram 2) Rhombus
13. The three points (2, -4) (4,-2), (7,1) 3) Rectangle 4) Square
1) form equilateral triangle 22. The points (  4,  1), (  2,  4), (4, 0), (2, 3)
2) form isosceles triangle taken inorder are the vertices of a
3) lie on a line 4) form right angled triangle 1) Parallelogram 2) Rhombus
3) Rectangle 4) Square

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 PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE

23. If the diagonals of a trapezium are equal 33. A (1,3), B (4,-1), C(-8,4) are the vertices of a
then the ratio of the length of non-parallel triangle ABC. If D, E, F divides BC, CA, AB
sides is in the same ratio 2:1 then centroid of the
1) 1 : 1 2) 1 : 2 3) 3 : 1 4) 4 : 3 triangle DEF is
1) (-1, 2) 2) (1,-2) 3) (-1,-2) 4) (1,2)
LENGTH OF MEDIANS 34. The line join of the points (2,3) and (-1,5)
24. The sum of the squares of the sides of a subtends a right angle at P. If the locus of P is
triangle is 32 units. Then the sum of the a circle then its radius is
squares of the medians of the triangle is 13
1) 20 2) 24 3) 16 4) 26 1) 3 2) 3) 5 4) 3
2
25. The lengths of the sides of a triangle ABC 35. The distance between the orthocentre and
are AB=10, BC=7, CA= 37 then length of circumcentre of the triangle with vertices
the median through the vertex C is (0,0), (4,0), (0,6) is
1) 15 2) 2 3 3) 13 4) 5
1) 3 2 2) 2 3 3) 3 3 4) 4 2 36. Incentre of the triangle with vertices
26. If the sides of ABC are 5, 7, 8 units then (4,-2), (5,5) (-2,4) is
AG 2  BG 2  CG 2  1) (5/4, 3/4) 2) (3/2, 3/2)
1) 46 2) 138 3) 92 4) 69 3) (5/3, 5/3) 4) (5/2, 5/2)
37. The incentre of the triangle with vertices
MISSING VERTICES
27. The centroid of a triangle is (2,3) and two of
 
1, 3  0, 0  2, 0  is
its vertices are (5,6) and (-1,4) then the third  3 2 3
2 1   1 
vertex of the triangle is 1) 1, 2  2)  3 ,  3)  3 , 2  4) 1, 
1) (3,1) 2) (2,-1) 3) (4,-1) 4) (3,0)    3    3
28. ABC is a triangle in which A (0,2) and B(4,0). 38. I is the incentre of triangle ABC, AD is the
If (4,4) is the mid point of BC then the mid angular bisector of A then AI : ID =
point of AC is 1) a+b:c 2) b+c:a 3) c+a:b 4) b : c
1) (6,3) 2) (3,6) 3) (2,5) 4) (-2,5)
29. If (3,2), (-3,2), (0,h) are vertices of an LEVEL-I (SELF WORKING) - KEY
equilateral triangle and h<0, then h=
1) 2  27 2) 2  27 1) 4 2) 3 3) 3 4) 1 5) 4 6) 2
7) 1 8) 1 9) 3 10) 2 11) 3 12) 4
3) 2  27 4) 2 + 27 13) 3 14) 2 15) 2 16) 1 17) 4 18) 1
30. ABC is an isosceles triangle. If the 19) 4 20) 3 21) 4 22) 3 23) 1 24) 2
coordinates of the base are B (1,3) and 25) 1 26) 1 27) 2 28) 3 29) 3 30) 4
C(-2,7). The vertex A can be 31) 4 32) 2 33) 1 34) 2 35) 3 36) 4
1) (1,6) 2) (-1/2, 5) 3) (-7,1/6) 4) (5/6,6) 37) 4 38) 2
31. The side of a square ABCD is ‘a’units. LEVEL-I (SELF WORKING) - HINTS
A,B,C,D are in the anti-clockwise order. If AB
and AD are coordinate axes. Then the
coordinates of C are 1. distance = 1  cot 2   cos ec 
1) (a, -a) 2) (-a,-a) 3) (-a,a) 4) (a,a) 2. 1  tan 2   s ec   sec 
CENTROID, ORTHOCENTRE, 3. Put t  o
CIRCUMCENTRE AND INCENTRE 4. P  k , k  A 1,3  , PA = 10
32. If the centroid of the triangle formed by (p,q), 5. r  y1
(q,r), (r,s) is (0,0) then p 3  q3  r 3 
1) 0 2) 3pqr 3) pq+qr+rs 4) pqr 6. 2  a  length of the diagonal
where a is side of a square

12 JR-MATHEMATICS JEE MAINS & ADVANCED VOL-III

HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY

 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny 1  LEVEL-II (PRACTICE IN CLASS)

7.  m n , mn 
 
8. x1  x : x  x 2 DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO
9. Y-axis divides  x1 y1  and  x2 y2  in the ratio POINTS
 x1 : x2  a 2a 
10. mid point of PQ = mid point of AB 1. If A = (at2, 2at) ; B  2 ,  and S (a,0) then
t t 
11. B divides AC in the ratio 1 : 3 1/SA+1/SB =
12. AB=BC , AB 2  BC 2  AC 2 1) a 2) 1/a 3) 3/a 4) 2a/3
13. A(2, -4) B(4, -2) C(7, 1), AB  BC  CA 2. If the distance between two points

14. AB 2  BC 2  AC 2  4a 2  4b2  a cos , a sin   and  a cos , a sin   is 2a then

15. Slopes are equal  is
16. The collinear points do not form a triangle 
1) 2n     , n  z 2) n    , n  z
17. Area of Rhombus ABCD = 2 x Area of  ABC 2
18. Slopes are equal 3) n   , n  z 4) 2n   , n  z
19. Given points are collinear 3. The point P(x,y) is equidistant from the points
20. AB = 5  B is mid point of AC Q(c+d,d-c) and R(c-d,c+d) then
21. AB2  8,BC2  8,AC2  16 1) cx = dy 2) cx + dy = 0
3) dx = cy 4) dx + cy = 0
22. AB 2  13,BC2  52,AC 2  65
23. Standard result
SECTION FORMULA
3 4. The coordinates of the point that is two-thirds
24. AD 2  BE 2  CF 2 
4
 AB 2  BC 2  CA2  away from (-4,3) to (5,7) is
1  17   17   3   2 
25. Use length of median through C = 2a2  2b2  c2 1)  2 , 3  2)  2, 3  3)  2, 17  4)  3, 17 
2        

26. 
AB 2  BC 2  CA 2  3 GA 2  GB2  GC 2  AREA OF THE TRIANGLE &
COLLINEAR POINTS
27. C = 3G-(A+B)
28. A  0, 2  B  4,0  D  4, 4  , D is the mid point of BC 5. The area of triangle formed by the vertices
(a, 1/a), (b, 1/b) and (c, 1/c) is
C =  4,8  , mid point of AC  2,5 
29. A  3, 2  B  3, 2  C  0, h  , AB  AC abc  a  b  b  c  c  a 
1) 2) 2abc
30. Perpendicular bisector of BC is 6x-8y+43=0, abc

verify abc 1 2
3) 4) (a  b 2  c2 )
31. A(0, 0)B  a, 0  D(0,a) ,  C  a, a  abc 2
32. Given form an equilateral triangle 6. Let A h, k  , B 1,1 , C  2,1 be the vertices of
33. Centroid of  DEF = centroid of  ABC a right angle triangle with AC as its
hypotenuse.If the area of the triangle is 1
1
34. r AB then the set of values of K can be
2
35. Given points form a right angled triangle 1) 1,3 2) 0, 2 3) 1,3 4) 3, 2
1
 ax1  bx2  cx3 ay1  by2  cy3  7. If the points ( 2,0), (1, ), (Cos , Sin ) are
36. I   ,  3
 abc abc 
collinear then the number of values of
37. Given points form an equilateral triangle
  [0, 2 ]
38. Standard result
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

JR-MATHEMATICS JEE MAINS & ADVANCED VOL-III 13

PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE

8. The point A divides the join of P  5,1 and 16. A string of length 12 is bent first into a square
PQRS and then into an isosceles triangle PQT
Q  3, 5  in the ratio k :1 . The values of k for by keeping the side PQ of the square as base
which the area of ABC where then area of the Square PQRS: area of the
triangle PQT =
B 1, 5 , C  7, 2  is 2 sq.units is
1)3:2 2) 2 :1 3) 2:3 4) 1: 2
1) 7,31 / 9 2) 7,31 / 9
CENTROID, ORTHOCENTRE,
3) 7, 31/ 9 4) 7, 31/ 9
CIRCUMCENTRE,INCENTRE AND
9. a, b, c are in A.P and x, y, z are in G.P. The
NINEPOINT CIRCLECENTRE
points  a, x  ,  b, y  ,  c, z  are collinear if
17. Orthocentre of the triangle with vertices (4,1),
1) x 2  y 2) x  z 2 3) y 2  z 4) x  y  z
(7,4), (5,-2) is
10. If ‘O’ is the origin and A (x 1 , y 1 ), 1) (0,0) 2) (1,2) 3) (3/2, 3/2) 4) (2,1)
B (x2, y2) then the circum radius of  AOB
18. O is the orthocentre of the triangle formed
is
by A(1,-3), B(7,2), C(2,5) then the distance
OA.OB.AB OA.OB.AB
1) 2 | x y  x y | 2) | x y  x y | between the orthocentres of  BOC,
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1  AOB is
2.OA.OB.AB OA.OB.AB 1
3) | x y  x y | 4) 2 | x y  x y | 1) 65 2) 2 65 3) 65 4) 65
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2
11. If  1,  2 are the areas of incircle and 19. The circumcentre of the triangle formed by
(-2,3), (2,-1) and (4,0) is
circumcircle of a triangle with sides 3,4 and 1) (3/2, 5/2) 2) (-3/2, 5/2)
 3) (3/2, -5/2) 4) (-3/2, -5/2)
5 then 1  20. In a  ABC, the sides BC  5, CA  4, AB  3 . If
2
A (0,0) and the internal bisector of angle A
16 4 9 9
1) 2) 3) 4)  12 12 
25 25 25 16 meets BC in D  ,  then incentre of
7 7
12. In ABC , A=(1, 2), B= (5,5), ACB  900 .
 ABC is
If area of ABC is to be 6.5 sq.units, then 1) (2,2) 2) (3,2) 3) (2,3) 4) (1,1)
the possible number ofpoints for C is 21. The mid points of the sides of a triangle ABC
1) 1 2) 2 3) 0 4) 4 are (1/2, 1/2), (1/2,0), (0,1/2). Then the incentre
13. Point P is (-2,-3) and Q (3,7). The point A on
of triangle ABC is
x-axis for which PA + AQ is least is
1   1   1 1 
1) (1/2, 1/2) 2)  , 
1)  , 0  2)   , 0  3) (2,0) 4) (-2,0)  2 2 2 2 
2   2 
3) (0,0) 4) (1,2)
AREA OF THE QUADRILATERAL
22. The mid point of the sides of a triangle are
14. Let A = ( -4,0 ), B = ( -1,4 ). C and D are
points which are symmetric  5, 0  ,  5,12 and  0,12  . The orthocentre
to points A and B of this triangle is
respectively with respect to y-axis, then the 1)  0, 0  2) 10, 0  3)  0, 24  4) 13 / 3,8 
area of the quadrilateral ABDC is 23. If G be the centroid and I be the incentre of the
1) 8 sq.units 2) 12 sq.units triangle with vertices A(–36, 7), B(20, 7) and
3) 20 sq.units 4) 10 sq.units
15. ABCD is a trapezium with AB and CD 25
C(0, –8) and GI = 205 then  =
parallel. If AB=6, BC=5, CD=3 , DA=4, 3
1) 1/25 2)1/5 3)25 4)5
A  900 then area of ABCD is
1) 27 2) 12 3) 18 4) 15

14 JR-MATHEMATICS JEE MAINS & ADVANCED VOL-III

HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY

24. Origin is the orthocentre of the triangle  3k  5 5 k  1 

formed by the points (5, -1), (-2,3) and 8. A ,  , Area of ABC  2
 k 1 k 1 
(-4, -7) then the nine point circle centre is
1 7 52
1
 1 5   1 5   3k  5 5k  1  2
1)  ,  2)  ,  2 1 5
 3 3   4 4  k 1 k 1
3) (1, 1) 4) (5, 3) 6 7
25. In radius of the triangle with vertices (1,1),   2k  6  4 4
(-1,-1), (- 3 , 3 ) is k 1 k 1

2 9. a, b, c are in AP ab bc

1) 2 3 2) 3 2 3) 4) 6
3  a, x  ,  b, y  ,  c, z  are collinear
26. If (a, b), (x, y), (p,q) are the coordinates of x y yz x y
circumcentre, centroid, orthocentre of the   ; 1
a b bc yz
triangle then  x  y  y  z  x, y, z are in A.P
1) 3x = 2a + p, 3y = 2b + q x, y, z are in A.P and also in G.P  x  y  z
2) x = 3a + 2p, y = 3b + 2q
abc
3) 3x = a + 2p, 3y = b + 2q 10. R 
4
4) x = a + p, y = b + q
 hyp 5
27. I , I1 , I 2 , I 3 are incentre and excentres of 11. r  ,R  ; r  1, R 
s 2 2
 ABC. If I(0, 0) I1(2, 3), I2(5, 7) then
12. ACB  900  ' C ' lies on semicircle
distance between orthocentres of  I I1I 3
with AB as diameter..
and  I1I2 I3 1
A rea   A B  h  6 .5
1) 13 2) 5 3) 74 4) 2 37 2
13. verification
LEVEL-II (PRACTICE IN CLASS) - KEY

1) 2 2) 1 3) 3 4) 2 5) 2 6) 3
7) 1 8) 1 9) 4 10) 1 11) 2 12) 3 14.
13) 2 14) 3 15) 3 16) 2 17) 2 18) 1
19) 1 20) 4 21) 2 22) 1 23) 1 24) 2
25) 3 26) 1 27) 3 15 4 1
Area = 2 5 4 = 20  20  20 sq.units
2
LEVEL-II (PRACTICE IN CLASS)-HINTS 15. Area of ABCD = 12+6

1. put t=1
2.  a cos   a cos 2   a sin   a sin 2  4a2
3. PQ2  PR 2
2 1
4. :  2 :1
3 3 16. Perimeter of PQRS = 12
5. Use area of the triangle formula PQ  3 area of the square = 9
6. Slope of BC = 0  AB is vertical  h  1 Perimeter of PQT  12 , 2S  12
Area of ABC  1 9
7. Slope of AB = Slope of AC PQ  3, PT  QT 
2
JR-MATHEMATICS JEE MAINS & ADVANCED VOL-III 15
PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE

9 4. The point whose coordinates are

9
area of the PQT  ; 9:  2 :1 x=x1+t(x2-x1) and y=y1+t(y2-y1) divides the join
2 2
of (x1,y1), (x2,y2) in the ratio
17. Slope of BC is 3
t 1 t t 1 t
Altitude through A is x + 3y  7 = 0, verify 1) 2) 3) 4)
1 t t 1 t t
18. Distance between the orthocentres=AC
19. r bisector of AB is x  y + 1 = 0. AREA OF THE TRIANGLE &
20. I divides AD in the ratio b  c : a COLLINEAR POINTS
21. Vertices of the triangle are 1,0  0,1 0,0  5. The area of the triangle formed by the origin,
22. The given triangle is a right angled. the point P (x,y) and its reflection in X-axis is
 16  1
23. G  , 2  , I   1,0  , GI  205 1) xy 2) 2 xy xy
3) 4) xy
 3  3 2
6. Area of the triangle with vertices (t,t-2), (t+3,t),
24. Nine point circle centre divides OG in the ratio 3
(t+2, t+2) is
:1
1) 4 2) 8 3) 6 4) 10
25. Given points form an equilateral triangle
a 7. The points with coordinates  2a,3a  ,
r
2 3  3b, 2b  and  c, c  are collinear
26. Centroid divides orthocentre,Circumcentre in the
1) for all values of a,b,c
ratio 2 : 1
2) for no values of a,b,c
27. distance between I and I2 = 74 3) iff a,c/5,b are in H.P.
4) iff a,2c/5,b are in H.P.
LEVEL-II (SELF WORKING) 8. If A (6,3), B(-3,5), C(4,-2) and P (a,b) then the
ratio of the areas of the triangles PBC, ABC is
DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS 1) |a+b| : 7 2) |a-b| : 7
3 |a+b+2| : 7 4) |a+b-2| : 7
SECTION FORMULA
9. If A = (-3, 4), B = (-1, -2), C = (5,6),
1. The point A  sin  , cos  is 3 units away from D = (x,-4) are vertices of a quadrilateral such
that area of triangle ABD = 2 area of triangle
the point B  2 cos 750 , 2 sin 750  if ACD, then x =
1) 6 2) 9 3) 69 4) 96
00    3600 then   10. Let ‘O’ be the origin and P (x1 ,y 1 ) and
1) 1950 2) 1050 3) 2850 4) 2700 Q (x2,y2) then OP.OQ sin  POQ =
2. Point B is symmetric to A (4, -1) with respect 1) x1x2+y1y2 2) x1y2+x2y1
to the bisector of the first quadrant. Then 3) |x1y2-x2y1| 4) |x1y2+x2y1|
11. If x1,x2,x3 are in A.P. and y1, y2, y3 are also in
length of AB is A.P. with same common difference then the
points (x1,y1), (x2,y2) and (x3,y3) form
1) 5 2 2) 2 5 3) 3 3 4)2 3
1) A scalene triangle 2) A right angled triangle
3. The abscissae of two points A and B are the 3) An equilateral triangle 4) Collinear
roots of the equation x2+2ax-b2=0 and their
12. If A 1, 2  , B  4, 2  , then the number of points
ordinates are the roots of y2+2py-q2=0 then
the distance AB in terms of a, b, p, q is 
P in the plane such that APB  and area
1) a2  b2  p2  q2 2) 2 a 2  b 2  q 2  p 2 2
of APB is 6 sq. units is
3) 2 2
a b  p 2
4) a 2  b 2  q 2 1) 0 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

16 JR-MATHEMATICS JEE MAINS & ADVANCED VOL-III

HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY

13. Area of the triangle formed by (0,0), 22. Incentre of the triangle formed by the lines
x+y=1, x=1, y=1 is
 a ,0  , 0,a  is 2a1
x2 6x
5 sq. units then x =  1 1   1 1 
1)  1  ,1   2)  1  , 
1) 1 or 5 2) -1 or 5  2 2  2 2
3) 1 or -5 4) -1 or -5
 1 1   1 1 
AREA OF THE QUADRILATERAL 3)  ,  4)  ,1  
 2 2  2 2
14. Area of the regular hexagon whose diagonal 23. If A (0,0), B (1,0) and C(1/2, 3 /2) then the
is the join of (2,4) and (6,7) is centre of the circle for which the lines AB,
BC, CA are tangents is
75 3 75 3 25 3 6 3
1) 2) 3) 4) 1) (1/2, 1/4) 2)(3/2, 1/2 3 )
8 16 16 5
15. A circle and a square have the same perimeter 3) (1/2, 1/2 3 ) 4) (1/2, -1/ 3 )
then 24. Orthocentre of the triangle is (2,1) and the
1) Their areas are equal 7 5
2) The area of the circle is larger circumcentre is  ,  then its nine point
 2 2
3) The area of the square is larger circle centre is
4) Area of the circle =  (Area of the square)
16. Instead of walking along two adjacent sides  7 11   7 11   11 7  7 7
1)  ,  2)  ,  3)  ,  4)  , 
of a rectangular field , a boy took a short cut 4 4  4 2   4 4  2 4
along the diagonal and saved the distance 25. If  x1, y1  ,  x2 , y2  ,  x3 , y3  are vertices of
equal to half of the longer side. Then the ratio
equilateral triangle such that
of the shorter side to the longer side is
2 2 2 2
1)1:2 2)2:3 3)1:4 4)3:4  x1  2    y1  3   x2  2   y2  3 
2 2

CENTROID, ORTHOCENTRE ,  x3  2    y3  3
CIRCUMCENTRE, INCENTRE AND then x1  x2  x3  2  y1  y2  y3  =
NINEPOINT CIRCLECENTRE 1) 18 2) 24 3) 6 4) 8
17. Orthocentre of the triangle with vertices (0,0), 26. If (0, 0) is orthocentre of triangle formed by
(1,1), (-2,3) is A cos,sin  , B  cos  ,sin   , C  cos  ,sin  
1) (3/5, 4/5) 2) (2/5, 3/5)
then BAC =
3) (4/5, 3/5) 4) (3/5, 2/5)
0
18. Two vertices of a triangle are (5, -1) and 1
(-2,3). If orthocentre is origin, then 1) 600 2) 300 3) 450 4) 22
2
coordinates of the third vertex 27. One vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2,2)
1) (4,7) 2) (-4,7) 3) (-4,-7) 4) (4,-7)
 
19. The circumcentre of the triangle with vertices and its centroid is  2 , 2  then length
(1,3), (-3,5), (5,-1) is  3 3 
1) (8, 7) 2) (-8,-10) 3) (7,5) 4) (4,3) of its side is
20. (0,0), (20,15), (36,15) are the vertices of a 1) 4 2 2) 4 3 3) 3 2 4)5 2
triangle then the ex-centre opposite to vertex LEVEL-II (SELF WORKING) - KEY
(0,0) is
1) (35,20) 2) (19,18) 3) (16,25) 4) (14,22) 1) 1 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3 5) 4 6) 1
21. The mid points of the sides of a triangle are 7) 4 8) 4 9) 3 10) 3 11) 4 12) 4
(1/2, 0), (0, 1/2) and (1/2, 1/2) then its 13) 4 14) 1 15) 2 16) 4 17) 2 18) 3
circumcentre is 19) 2 20) 1 21) 4 22) 3 23) 3 24) 3
1) (1,1) 2) (1,1/2) 3) (1/2,1) 4) (1/2,1/2) 25) 2 26) 1 27) 1

JR-MATHEMATICS JEE MAINS & ADVANCED VOL-III 17

 PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE

22. Vertices of the triangle are 1,0   0,1 and 1,1

LEVEL-II (SELF WORKING) - HINTS
23. Triangle is an equilateral  I  G
2 2 24. Nine point circle centre = mid point of orthocentre
1.  2 cos 750
 sin     2sin 750  cos    3
and circumcentre
2. B is image of A w.r.t. y = x  B = (-1,4) 25. SA = SB = SC; S = G = (2, 3)
3. Let x1, x2 are x-coordinates of A, B and y1, y2
 x1  x2  x3  2  y1  y2  y3  =6+18=24
are y-coordinates of A, B then
x1+x2 = -2a x1x2 = -b2 26. Let S=(0, 0)
y1+y2 = -2p y1y2 = -q2 SA = SB = SC  equilateral triangle
AB = (x1 - x2) + (y1 - y2)2
2 2
27. a  3GA
= (x1 + x2)2 - 4x1x2 + (y1 + y2)2 - 4y1y2
4. x1  x : x  x 2 LEVEL-III
5. The reflection of P  x, y  in x axis is Q  x,  y  1. The distance between the points
area of triangle OPQ  xy (acos48O, 0) and (0, a cos 12O) is d then
d2-a2 =
6. Put t = 0
7. Slopes are equal
1) a 2
 5 1  2)
a2  5 1 
8. Calculate Areas of  PBC,  ABC.. 4 4

1 x1  x2 y1  y 2
3) a 2
 5 1  4)
a 2
 5 1
9. Area = 2 x  x y  y 8 8
1 3 1 3

1 2. If x1 , x2 , x3 as well as y1 , y2 , y3 are in G.P. with

10. use   ab sin C the same common ratio, then the points
2
11. Put x1 , x 2 , x 3 = 1,2,3; y 1 , y 2 , y 3  2, 3, 4  x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  and  x3 , y3 
Slope of AB = Slope of BC 1) lie on a st. line 2) lie on an ellipse
3) lie on a circle 4) are vertices of a triangle
1 5
12. Area   AB  h  6, r  , h  r 3. The vertices of a triangle are
2 2
 1   1   1 
Area 
1
x1y 2  x2 y1  ab ,   bc ,   ca ,  where a,b,c are
13.  ab   bc   ca 
2
14. Area of regular hexagon = 6 (Area of equilateral roots of the equation x 3  3x 2  6 x  1  0 then
triangle), 2a = 5 centroid is
15. Let a be the side of square, 1)  0,1 2)  2, 0  3)  2, 1 4) 1, 2 
r be radius of the circle; 4 a  2 r 4. The orthocentre, circumcentre, centroid and
area of the square  incentre of the triangle formed by the line
 x + y = a with the co-ordinate axes lie on
area of thecircle 4
1) x 2  y 2  1 2) y = x 3) y = 2 x 4) y = 3x
a 5. The line joining the points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)
16. a2  b2  b
2 subtends a right angle at the point (1,1) then
3 x1x2+y1y2 =
17. Altitude through A is y  x 1) 0 2) x1+x2+y1+y2-2
2
18. Find the orthocentre of the triangle formed with 3) 3(x1+x2+y1+y2) 4) x1x2y1y2
the points (0, 0), (5, -1) and (-2, 3) 6. In a triangle ABC with a, b, c are the sides of
19. Perpendicular bisector of AB is 2x - y + 6 = 0 the triangle opposite to angles A, B and C
respectively. If a=2b and A=3B then the
  ax1  bx2  cx3  ay1  by 2  cy 3  triangle is
20. I1   , 
 a  b  c a  b  c  1) Isosceles 2) Right angled isosceles
3) Right angled 4) Equilateral
21. Vertices of the triangle are 1, 0  ,  0,1 ,  0, 0 
18 JR-MATHEMATICS JEE MAINS & ADVANCED VOL-III
HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY
7. In triangle ABC angle B is right angled. AC=2 13. The perpendicular from origin on the line
and A(2,2), B(1,3) then the length of the joining the points P (acos  , asin  ),
median AD is Q(acos  , asin  ) divides PQ in the ratio
5 1 1) 5:3 2) 2:7 3) 1:1 4) 3:4
1) 1/2 2) 5 2 3) 2 4) 2 14. The equation
8. Orthocentre of the triangle with vertices 2 2 2
x 2
 a 2   x 2  b2   c 4  y 2  a 2   o
 3, 10 ,  7, 6 ,  
5, 8 is
represents  c  0 
1)  3  5  7, 10  8  6  1) 8 points 2) two circles
3) 4 lines 4) Non intersecting lines
2)  3  5  7, 6  8  10  15. The x-coordinate of the incentre of the triangle
that has the coordinates of mid points of its
3)  3  5  7, 10  8  6 
sides as  0,1 , 1,1 and 1, 0  is
4)  3  5  7, 10  8  6  [JEE-MAINS 2013]
1) 2  2 2) 2  2 3) 1  2 4) 1  2
9. If a, x1 , x2 are in G.P with common ratio 'r'
and b, y1, y2 are in G.P with common ratio 's' 16. Let S1 , S 2 ,....... be the squares such that for
where s-r = 2, then the area of the triangle each n  1 the length of the side Sn is equal to
with vertices (a, b) , ( x1 , y1 )  x2 , y2  is length of the diagonal of S n 1 .If the length of
1) ab  r  1
2
2) ab  r 2  s 2  the side of S1 is 10 cm ,then the least value of
n for which area of S n  1 sq.cm given by
3) ab  s 2  1  4) abrs
1) 7 2) 8 3) 9 4) 10
10. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by the
17. Line joining A  b cos , b sin   and
points  at1t2 , a  t1  t2   ,  at2t3 , a  t2  t3   ,
B  a cos  , a sin   is produced to the point
 at t , a  t
31 3  t1   is
M  x, y  such that AM:MB = b:a then
1)  0,0  2) 1,0    
x cos  y sin 
3) 1, a  4)  a, a  t1  t2  t3   at1t2t3  2 2
11. The three points 1) -1 2) 0 3) 1 4) 2
  a  b  a  2b  ,  a  b   , 18. A rectangle PQRS is such that P(2,3), R(8,11)
and the line QS is parallel to
 a  2b a  3b ,  a  2b and Y-axis then Q and S are
1) (0,7), (10,7) 2) (5,2), (5,12)
  a  3b  a  4b  ,  a  3b   3) (5,6), (5,8) 4) (2,5), (12,5)
1) Are collinear 19. P, Q ,R and S are the points on line joining
2) Form a triangle whose area is independent of a the points P(a,x) and T (b, y) such that PQ =
3) Form a triangle whose area is independent of b  5 a  3b 5 x  3 y 
4) Form a triangle whose area is independent of a, b QR=RS=ST, then  8 , 8  is the
12. A1, A2, A3 ... An are n points whose coordinates  
are (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) ... (xn, yn). A1A2 is mid point of
bisected at G1. G1A3 is divided in the ratio 1:2 1) PQ 2) QR 3) RS 4) ST
at G2. G2A4 is divided in the ratio 1:3 at G3 and 20. A (a,b) and B (0,0) are two fixed points. If M1
so on until all the points are exhausted. Then is the mid point of AB , M2 is mid point of
the coordinates of the final point so obtained is AM1 , M3 is mid point of AM 2 and so on then
 lx1  mx2  kx3 ly1  my2  ky3  x y  1 1
M5 is
1)  l  mk , l m k  2)  n  1 , n  1   7a 7b   15a 15b 
   
1)  ,  2)  , 
 8 8   16 16 
  xi  y    xi  y   31a 31b   63a 63b 
i
3)   i ,  i 
i
4)  n , n  3)  32 , 32  4)  64 , 64 
       

JR-MATHEMATICS JEE MAINS & ADVANCED VOL-III 19

PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE

21. Let n be the number of points having rational 6. a = 2b; 2R sinA = 2.2R sinB
coordinates equidistant from the point sin3B = 2sinB ; 3  4 sin 2 B  2
 0, 3  , then 7. AB  2 , AC=2, BC  2
1) n  1 2) n  1 3) n  2 4) n  2 1
AD = 2b 2  2c 2  a 2
22. If origin is the orthocentre of the triangle with 2
vertices A  cos  ,sin   , B  cos , sin   and 8. O  2S  3G ; Circum centre is (0,0)
C  cos  ,sin   then cos  2       a b 1
1
cos  2       cos  2        ar bs 1  ab ( r  s )( s  1)(1  r )
9. 2
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3 ar 2 bs 2 1 2
23. OPQR is a square and M, N are the middle
points of the sides PQ and QR respectively, 1
 ab  r  1 r  1 2  ab  r 2  1
then the ratio of the areas of the square and 2
the triangle OMN is 10. We know orthocentre of triangle lies on altitude
1) 4 : 3 2) 8 : 3 3) 2 : 1 4) 4 : 1
24. ABC is a triangle whose medians AD and  a  b  a  2b   a  b  1
1   2b 3
11.  a  2 b  a  3b   a  2 b 
BE are perpendicular to each other. If
AD = p and BE = q then area of ABC is  a  3b  a  4b   a  3b  1
3 3 4 2
1) pq 2) pq 3) pq 4) pq  x  x2 y 1  y 2 
G1   1
 x  x2  x3 y1  y2  y 3 
G2   1
4 2 3 3 12. ,  , 
25. Vertices of an equilateral triangle are A,B,C  2 2   3 3 
which are oriented in anticlockwise sense and 13. OP=OQ
A(3,4), B(3,6) then C is O lies on perpendicular bisector of PQ
The foot of the perpendicular from O is mid point
1)  3  3 , 5  2)  3  3 ,5  of PQ
3) (3, 5) 4) (5, 3)
14. x 2  a 2  0, x 2  b 2  0, y 2  a 2  0
15. A  0, 2  B  0,0  C  2,0 
LEVEL - III - KEY
x coordinate of incentre
1) 4 2) 1 3) 3 4) 2 5) 2 6) 3 040 4
7) 2 8) 2 9) 1 10) 4 11) 2 12) 4    2 2
13) 3 14) 1 15) 2 16) 2 17) 2 18) 2 2 22 2 4 2 2
19) 2 20) 3 21) 3 22) 4 23) 2 24) 4 16. Side of the square s1  10cm
25) 2
Diagonal of the square s2  10cm

LEVEL - III - HINTS 10

side of the square s2  cm .
2
1. a 2  cos 2 480  cos 2 120   d 2 10
cm
2
similarly side of the square s3 =
2 . y1  b, y2  br , y3  br 2
;   2
10
 a, b  ,  ar, br  ,  ar 2 , br 2  side of the square
sn  n 1

3. a + b + c = 3; ab + bc + ca = 6; abc = -1
 2
2
 
a a  10  1
4. orthocentre = (0,0); circumcentre   ,  But area of sn  1 ;   n1 
2 2 
  
2 

 a a  a a   100 < 2n1
centroid   ,  incentre   , 
 3 3  2 2 2  2  17. M divides AB in the ratio b : a externally
5. A( x1 , y1 ), B( x2 , y2 ), P 1,1 x cos   cos 

y sin   sin 
AP 2  BP 2  AB 2

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HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE PREREQUISITES OF 2-D GEOMETRY
A

E
G

18. B D C

Area of ABC  3.Area of ABG

25. BC 2  AB 2 ;   x  3 2  1  4  x  3   3
T (5, 7) ; TS = TQ = 5 S = (5,7+5) ; Q = (5,7-5) Since x < 3, c   3  3 , 5 
19. Q divides P T in ratio 1:3
 3a  b 3x  y 
Q ,  ; R is mid point of PT
 4 4  LEVEL -IV
ab x y
R ,  1. Statement I : The area of the triangle formed
 2 2 
by the points O (0, 0), A(x1, y1), B(x2,y2) is
 2n 1 2n 1  1
20. M 
n  a, n b
 2
n
2  |x y x y |
2 1 2 2 1
21. Let A  x1 , y1  and B  x2 , y2  be two points at Statement II : The orthocentre of a right
angled triangle is the vertex at the right angle.
equal distance  from 0, 3   1) only I is true 2) only II is true
3) both I and II are true
2
4) Neither I nor II are true
2
Then,  x1  0   y1  3     2 .... (i)
2. Statement I : Area of triangle formed by
2 (0, 0), (x, y) and reflection of (x,y) in x-axis is
2
and  x2  0   y2  3   2 ..... (ii) |xy|
Substracting Eq.(ii) from Eq.(i), then Statement II : The reflection of the point (x,y)
2 2 in x-axis is (x, 0)

x12  x22  y1  3    y2  3  0 1) I is false but II is true
On comparing rational and irrational parts on both 2) I is true but II is false
3) Both I and II are true and II is the correct
sides y1  y2  0  y1  y2    say  explanation of I
4) Both I and II are true and II is not the correct
and x12  x22   y12  y22   0 explanation of I
or x12  x22   2 (say) ; x1  x2    3. Nature of triangle formed by the set of points
given in List I to List II
Hence, points are    ,   List I List II
A) (0, 0), (1, 3), (-1,-3) 1) Right angled
If   0 , then  0,  ;  n  2 triangle
22. OA=OB=OC  Circumcentre S = (0,0) B) (3, 4), (3, 5), (6, 5) 2) Isosceles
Orthocentre 0 = (0,0);  triangle is equilateral triangle
C) (4,3), (-2,3), (1,-2) 3) Collinear
The correct match is
A B C A B C
23. Area of square is a 2 1) 3 2 1 2) 3 1 2
3) 1 3 2 4) 2 3 1

1 3a 2 LEVEL - IV - KEY
Area of triangle is x 1 y 2  x 2 y1 
2 8
2 2 2 2 1) 3 2) 2 3) 2
24. AG  AD  p ; BG  BE  q
3 3 3 3

JR-MATHEMATICS JEE MAINS & ADVANCED VOL-III 21