MODULE 5: ANALYSIS OF PLANE FRAMES USING MATRIX STIFFNESS METHOD

The learning objectives:

At the end of this lesson, the learner will be able to:
 Identify whether a structure is analyzed as a beam
 Establish the coordinate system of the structure
 Identify the degrees of freedom on a beam
 Construct the local stiffness matrix, transformation matrix, and global stiffness matrix of
each member of the plane frame
 Construct the fixed-end force vector of each member of the plane frame
 Construct the structure stiffness matrix and the joint load vector of the structure
 Use stiffness method to evaluate the plane frame

COURSE MATERIAL:
A plane frame is defined as a two-dimensional assemblage of straight members
connected together by rigid and/or hinged connections and subjected to loads and reactions
that lie in the plane of the structure. Under the action of external loads, the members of a plane
frame may be subjected to axial forces like the members of plane trusses, as well as bending
moments and shears like the members of beams. Therefore, the stiffness relations for plane
frame members can be conveniently obtained by combining the stiffness relations for plane
truss and beam members.

Analytical Model
The process of dividing plane frames into members and joints, for the purpose of
analysis, is the same as that for beams; that is, a plane frame is divided into members and joints
so that: (a) all of the members are straight and prismatic, and (b) all the external reactions act
only at the joints.

Global Coordinate System

The global coordinate system used for plane frames is a right-handed XYZ coordinate
system with the frame lying in the XY plane. It is usually convenient to locate the origin of the
global coordinate system at a lower left joint of the frame with the X and Y axes oriented in the
horizontal (positive to the right) and the vertical (positive upward) directions, respectively.

Local Coordinate System

For each member of the frame, a local xyz coordinate system is established, with its
origin at an end of the member and the x axis directed along the member’s centroidal axis in the
undeformed state. The positive direction of the y axis is defined so that the local coordinate
system is right-handed, with the local z axis pointing in the positive direction of the global Z axis.
The member end at which the origin of the local coordinate system is located can be chosen
arbitrarily, and is usually considered to be the beginning of the member; the opposite member
end is simply referred to as the end of the member. The local coordinate systems selected for
the four members of the example frame are depicted in Fig. 5.1(b). As indicated in this figure,
the member local coordinate systems can be conveniently shown on the line diagram of the
structure by drawing an arrow on each member in the positive direction of its x axis.

Degrees of Freedom
The degrees of freedom of a plane frame are simply the unknown displacements
(translations and rotations) of its joints. Since an unsupported joint of a plane frame can
translate in any direction in the XY plane and rotate about the Z axis, three displacements—the
translations in the X and Y directions and the rotation about the Z axis—are needed to
completely specify its deformed position. Thus, a free joint of a plane frame has three degrees
of freedom, and three structure coordinates (i.e., free and/or restrained coordinates) need to be
defined at each joint, for the purpose of analysis.

Fig. 5.1
Joint Load Vector

* +

{ }

Reaction Vector

* +

{ }
Member Stiffness Relations

Fig. 5.2
Fig. 5.2 (continued)
 Fig. 5.2 (continued)

The relationships between member end forces and end displacements can be conveniently
established by subjecting the member, separately, to each of the four end displacements and
external loads, as shown in Figs. 5.2(c) through (i); and by expressing the total member end
forces as the algebraic sums of the end forces required to cause the individual end
displacements and the forces caused by the external loads acting on the member with no end
displacements. Thus, from Figs. 5.2(b) through (i), we can see that

(5.1)

in which, as defined in the plane trusses, a stiffness coefficient represents the force at the
location and in the direction of required, along with other end forces, to cause a unit value of
displacement , while all other end displacements are 0, and the member is not subjected to
any external loading between its ends. The last terms, (with ), on the right sides of
Eqs. (5.1), represent the forces that would develop at the member ends, due to external loads, if
both ends of the member were fixed against translations and rotations (see Fig. 5.2(g)). These
forces are commonly referred to as the member fixed-end forces due to external loads. Eqs.
(5.1) can be written in matrix form as
 (5.2)

{ } [ ]{ }
{ }
or symbolically, as
* + , -* + { } (5.3)
in which * + and * + represent the member end force and member end displacement vectors,
respectively, in the local coordinate system; , - is the member stiffness matrix in the local
coordinate system; and { } is called the member fixed-end force vector in the local coordinate
system.

Derivation of Member Local Stiffness Matrix , -

The explicit form of the local stiffness matrix , - (in terms of , , , and ) for the
members of plane frames can be conveniently developed by using the expressions for the
member stiffness coefficients of trusses and beams, respectively.
Combining the stiffness from plane trusses and beams, we have

, - (5.4)

[ ]
Note that the stiffness matrix , - is symmetric; that is, .
Member Fixed-end Force Vector { }
The fixed-end force vector for a member of a plane frames is expressed as

{ } (5.5)

{ } { }
When storing numerical values or fixed-end force expressions in { }, the appropriate
sign convention for member end forces must be followed. In accordance with the sign
convention, the member local fixed-end axial forces and shears are considered positive when in
the positive directions of the member’s local x and y axes, and the local fixed-end moments are
considered positive when counterclockwise.

Fig. 5.3 Fixed-end Axial Forces of Various Loadings

( )( )

( )

{ } (5.6)
( )( )

( )

{ }
Coordinate Transformations
Global Coordinate System to Local Coordinate System

(5.7)

{ } [ ]{ }
or
* + , -* + (5.8)
where

, - (5.9)

[ ]

In the same manner,

* + , -* + (5.10)

Local Coordinate System to Global Coordinate System

(5.11)

{ } [ ]{ }
or
* + , - * + (5.12)

In the same manner,

* + , - * + (5.13)
And take note that:
, - , - (5.14)

Member Stiffness Relations in the Global Coordinate System

Substituting Eq. (5.3) to Eq. (5.12), we have
* + , - , -* + , - { } (5.15)

Then substitute Eq. (5.10) to Eq. (5.15), we have

* + , - , -, -* + , - { } (5.16)

Eq. (5.16) can be conveniently expressed as

, - , -* + { } (5.17)
with
 , - , - , -, - (5.18)
and
{ } , - { } (5.19)

Member Global Stiffness

, - , - , -, - (5.20)

Member Global Fixed-End Force Vector

{ } (5.21)

{ }

where * + is the member global fixed-joint force vector.

Structure Stiffness Relations

* + { } , -* + (5.22)

Structure Stiffness Matrix

One procedure that can automate the construction of the structure stiffness matrix , -
from the individual stiffness matrices involves identifying the rows and columns of these
individual global stiffnesses with the global displacements associated with them. The numbers
identifying the rows and columns are those of the * + displacements associated with each
element. The structure stiffness matrix can be constructed in the following way:
1. Create a square matrix that is of order equal to the number of degrees of freedom of the
structure.
2. Place the elements of each individual stiffness matrix in the rows and columns of the
new matrix corresponding to the global displacement coordinates.
3. If there is more than one element to be placed in the same location in the structure
stiffness matrix, the elements are added at that location.

Fig. 5.4
Procedure for Analysis
1. Prepare an analytical model of the plane frame as follows:
a. Draw a line diagram of the plane frame and identify each joint and member by a
number that is encircled and boxed, respectively. The origin of the global XY
coordinate system is usually located at the farthest left joint, with the X and Y
axes oriented in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. For each
member, establish a local xy coordinate system, with the origin at the left end of
the member, and the x and y axes oriented in the horizontal (positive to the right)
and vertical directions, respectively.
b. Number the degrees of freedom and restrained coordinates of the plane frame.
2. Evaluate the structure stiffness matrix , - and fixed-joint force vector { }. The number of
rows and columns of , - must be equal to the number of degrees of freedom of the plane
frame; the number of rows of { } must equal to the number of degrees of freedom. For
each member of the structure, perform the following operations.
a. Compute the member local stiffness matrix , - (Eq. (5.4)).
b. Compute the transformation matrix , - (Eq. (5.9)).
c. Compute the member global stiffness matrix , - (Eq. (5.20)).
d. If the member is subjected to external loads, then evaluate its fixed-end force
vector { } (Eq. (5.6)).
e. Compute for the member global fixed-joint vector { } (Eq. (5.21)).
f. Identify the member code numbers and store the pertinent elements of , - and
{ } in their proper position in the structure stiffness matrix , -, and the fixed-joint
vector { }, respectively. The complete structure stiffness matrix , -, obtained by
assembling the stiffness coefficients of all members of the plane frame, must be
symmetric.
3. If the plane frame is subjected to joint loads, then form the joint load vector * +, with
number of rows equal to the number of degrees of freedom.
4. Determine the joint displacements, * +. Substitute * +, { } and , - into the structure
stiffness relations, * + { } , -* + (Eq. (5.22)) and solve the resulting system of
simultaneous equations for the unknown joint displacements * + . Note that joint
translations and rotations are considered positive when in the positive directions of the
axis and counterclockwise, respectively.
5. Compute each member end displacements and end forces, and support reactions. For
each member of the plane frame, do the following.
a. Obtain member global end displacements, * +, from the joint displacements, * +,
using the member’s code numbers.
b. Compute for the member local end displacements * + using Eq. (5.10).
c. Compute the member local end forces * + (Eq. (5.3)).
d. Compute the member global end forces * + (Eq. (5.12)).
e. Using member code numbers, store pertinent elements of * + in their proper
positions in the support reaction vector * +.
6. Check the calculation by applying three equations of equilibrium, ∑ ,∑ , and
∑ .
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. Determine the joint displacements, member end forces, and support reactions for the
two-member frame shown in Fig. 5.5 by the matrix stiffness method.

Fig. 5.5

Fig. 5.6

Unit of force: kips Unit of displacements: inches

Joint Details

Joint x (ft) y (ft) Degrees of Freedom

1 0.00 0.00 4 5 6
2 10.00 20.00 1 2 3
3 30.00 20.00 7 8 9

Member Details

Beginning
Member End Joint Xb Xe Ye Yb Length (ft)
Joint
1 1 2 10.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 22.36067977
2 2 3 30.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 20.00000000
Member 1 Member Local Stiffness Matrix [k]
Unit 4 5 6 1 2 3
E 29000 ksi 1275.30 0.00 0.00 -1275.30 0.00 0.00 4
I 310 in4 0.00 5.58 749.17 0.00 -5.58 749.17 5
A 11.8 in2 0.00 749.17 134015.01 0.00 -749.17 67007.50 6
L 22.36067977 ft -1275.30 0.00 0.00 1275.30 0.00 0.00 1
cos θ 0.447213595 0.00 -5.58 -749.17 0.00 5.58 -749.17 2
sin θ 0.894427191 0.00 749.17 67007.50 0.00 -749.17 134015.01 3
EI/L3 0.465329887 kips/in
AL2/I 2740.645161 in
6L 1609.968944 in Transformation Matrix [T]
2L2 144000 in2 4 5 6 1 2 3
4L2 288000 in2 0.447214 0.894427 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 4
-0.894427 0.447214 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 5
0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 6
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.447214 0.894427 0.000000 1
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 -0.894427 0.447214 0.000000 2
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 3

Member Global Stiffness Matrix [K]

4 5 6 1 2 3
259.53 507.89 -670.08 -259.53 -507.89 -670.08 4
507.89 1021.36 335.04 -507.89 -1021.36 335.04 5
-670.08 335.04 134015.01 670.08 -335.04 67007.50 6
-259.53 -507.89 670.08 259.53 507.89 670.08 1
-507.89 -1021.36 -335.04 507.89 1021.36 -335.04 2
-670.08 335.04 67007.50 670.08 -335.04 134015.01 3
 Local Fixed-end Force Vector {Qf}
FAb 40.25 kips 4
FSb 20.12 kips 5
FMb 1350.00 kips∙in 6
FAe 40.25 kips 1
FSe 20.12 kips 2
FMe -1350.00 kips∙in 3

{Ff} = [T]T{Qf} Global Fixed-end Force Vector {Ff}

FAb cosθ - FSb sinθ 0.00 kips 4
FAb sinθ + FSb cosθ 45.00 kips 5
FMb 1350.00 kips∙in 6
FAe cosθ - FSe sinθ 0.00 kips 1
FAe sinθ + FSe cosθ 45.00 kips 2
FMe -1350.00 kips∙in 3
Member 2 Member Local Stiffness Matrix [k]
Unit 1 2 3 7 8 9
E 29000 ksi 1425.83 0.00 0.00 -1425.83 0.00 0.00 1
I 310 in4 0.00 7.80 936.46 0.00 -7.80 936.46 2
A 11.8 in2 0.00 936.46 149833.33 0.00 -936.46 74916.67 3
L 20 ft -1425.83 0.00 0.00 1425.83 0.00 0.00 7
cos θ 1 0.00 -7.80 -936.46 0.00 7.80 -936.46 8
sin θ 0 0.00 936.46 74916.67 0.00 -936.46 149833.33 9
EI/L3 0.650318287 kips/in
AL2/I 2192.516129 in
6L 1440 in Transformation Matrix [T]
2L2 115200 in2 1 2 3 7 8 9
4L2 230400 in2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1
0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2
0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3
0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 7
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 8
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 9

Member Global Stiffness Matrix [K]

1 2 3 7 8 9
1425.83 0.00 0.00 -1425.83 0.00 0.00 1
0.00 7.80 936.46 0.00 -7.80 936.46 2
0.00 936.46 149833.33 0.00 -936.46 74916.67 3
-1425.83 0.00 0.00 1425.83 0.00 0.00 7
0.00 -7.80 -936.46 0.00 7.80 -936.46 8
0.00 936.46 74916.67 0.00 -936.46 149833.33 9
 Local Fixed-end Force Vector {Qf}
FAb 0.00 kips 1
FSb 15.00 kips 2
FMb 600.00 kips∙in 3
FAe 0.00 kips 7
FSe 15.00 kips 8
FMe -600.00 kips∙in 9

{Ff} = [T]T{Qf} Global Fixed-end Force Vector {Ff}

FAb cosθ - FSb sinθ 0.00 kips 1
FAb sinθ + FSb cosθ 15.00 kips 2
FMb 600.00 kips∙in 3
FAe cosθ - FSe sinθ 0.00 kips 7
FAe sinθ + FSe cosθ 15.00 kips 8
FMe -600.00 kips∙in 9
Structure Stiffness Matrix

1 2 3
1685.36 507.89 670.08 1
S = 507.89 1029.16 601.42 2
670.08 601.42 283848.34 3

Joint Load Vector

P
80.00 1 kips
0.00 2 kips
-1500.00 3 kips∙in

Structure Fixed Load Vector

Pf
0.00 1 kips
60.00 2 kips
-750.00 3 kips∙in
Solving for the displacement matrix:

80.00 0.00 1685.36 507.89 670.08 d1

0.00 - 60.00 = 507.89 1029.16 601.42 × d2
-1500.00 -750.00 670.08 601.42 283848.34 d3

80.00 1685.36 507.89 670.08 d1

-60.00 = 507.89 1029.16 601.42 × d2
-750.00 670.08 601.42 283848.34 d3

d1 6972.386232 -3435.478463 -9.180444 80.00

d2 = -3435.478463 11421.422064 -16.089763 ×10 × -60.00
-7

d3 -9.180444 -16.089763 35.285844 -750.00

d1 0.021301404056103 In
d2 -0.067321800138848 in
d3 -0.002549899728948 rad
Member 1

{u} = [T]{v} Local Member End Displacement

4 5 6 1 2 3
u1 0.0000000 in 0.45 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 0.0000000
u2 0.0000000 in -0.89 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 0.0000000
u3 0.0000000 rad 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 0.0000000
u4 -0.0506882 in 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.89 0.00 1 0.0213014
u5 -0.0491598 in 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.89 0.45 0.00 2 -0.0673218
u6 -0.0025499 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 3 -0.0025499

{Q} - {Qf} = [k]{u} Local Member End Forces

4 5 6 1 2 3
Q1 - Qf1 64.6428326 kips 1275.30 0.00 0.00 -1275.30 0.00 0.00 4 0.0000000
Q2 - Qf2 -1.6357937 kips 0.00 5.58 749.17 0.00 -5.58 749.17 5 0.0000000
Q3 - Qf3 -134.0335476 kips∙in 0.00 749.17 134015.01 0.00 -749.17 67007.50 6 0.0000000
Q4 - Qf4 -64.6428326 kips -1275.30 0.00 0.00 1275.30 0.00 0.00 1 -0.0506882
Q5 - Qf5 1.6357937 kips 0.00 -5.58 -749.17 0.00 5.58 -749.17 2 -0.0491598
Q6 - Qf6 -304.8959632 kips∙in 0.00 749.17 67007.50 0.00 -749.17 134015.01 3 -0.0025499
{Q} = [k]{u} + {Qf} Local Member End Forces
Q1 104.8920562 kips 4
Q2 18.4888181 kips 5
Q3 1215.9664524 kips∙in 6
Q4 -24.3936090 kips 1
Q5 21.7604055 kips 2
Q6 -1654.8959632 kips∙in 3

{F} = [T]T{Q} Global Member End Forces

4 5 6 1 2 3
F1 30.3722519 kips 0.45 -0.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 104.8920562
F2 102.0867580 kips 0.89 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 18.4888181
F3 1215.9664524 kips∙in 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 1215.9664524
F4 -30.3722519 kips 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 -0.89 0.00 1 -24.3936090
F5 -12.0867580 kips 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.45 0.00 2 21.7604055
F6 -1654.8959632 kips∙in 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 3 -1654.8959632
Member 2

{u} = [T]{v} Local Member End Displacement

1 2 3 7 8 9
u1 0.0213014 in 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 0.0213014
u2 -0.0673218 in 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 -0.0673218
u3 -0.0025499 rad 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 -0.0025499
u4 0.0000000 in 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 7 0.0000000
u5 0.0000000 in 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 8 0.0000000
u6 0.0000000 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 9 0.0000000

{Q} - {Qf} = [k]{u} Local Member End Forces

1 2 3 7 8 9
Q1 - Qf1 30.3722519 kips 1425.83 0.00 0.00 -1425.83 0.00 0.00 1 0.0213014
Q2 - Qf2 -2.9132420 kips 0.00 7.80 936.46 0.00 -7.80 936.46 2 -0.0673218
Q3 - Qf3 -445.1040368 kips∙in 0.00 936.46 149833.33 0.00 -936.46 74916.67 3 -0.0025499
Q4 - Qf4 -30.3722519 kips -1425.83 0.00 0.00 1425.83 0.00 0.00 7 0.0000000
Q5 - Qf5 2.9132420 kips 0.00 -7.80 -936.46 0.00 7.80 -936.46 8 0.0000000
Q6 - Qf6 -254.0740488 kips∙in 0.00 936.46 74916.67 0.00 -936.46 149833.33 9 0.0000000
 {Q} = [k]{u} + {Qf} Local Member End Forces
Q1 30.3722519 kips 1
Q2 12.0867580 kips 2
Q3 154.8959632 kips∙in 3
Q4 -30.3722519 kips 7
Q5 17.9132420 kips 8
Q6 -854.0740488 kips∙in 9

{F} = [T]T{Q} Global Member End Forces

1 2 3 7 8 9
F1 30.3722519 kips 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 30.3722519
F2 12.0867580 kips 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 12.0867580
F3 154.8959632 kips∙in 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 154.8959632
F4 -30.3722519 kips 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 7 -30.3722519
F5 17.9132420 kips 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 8 17.9132420
F6 -854.0740488 kips∙in 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 9 -854.0740488

Reaction Vector

Reactions
30.3722519 4 kips
102.0867580 5 kips
1215.9664524 6 kips∙in
-30.3722519 7 kips
17.9132420 8 kips
-854.0740488 9 kips∙in
The reactions are as follows:

Fig. 5.7 Reactions

2. Determine the joint displacements, member end forces, and support reactions for the
plane frame shown in Fig. 5.8 by the matrix stiffness method.

Fig. 5.8
Joint Details

Joint x (m) y (m) Degrees of Freedom

1 0.00 0.00 10 11 12
2 9.00 0.00 13 14 15
3 0.00 6.00 1 2 3
4 9.00 6.00 4 5 6
5 0.00 12.00 7 8 9

Member Details

Beginning End
Member Xb Xe Ye Yb Length (m)
Joint Joint
1 1 3 0.00 0.00 6.00 0.00 6.00
2 2 4 9.00 9.00 6.00 0.00 6.00
3 3 5 0.00 0.00 12.00 6.00 6.00
4 3 4 9.00 0.00 6.00 6.00 9.00
5 4 5 0.00 9.00 12.00 6.00 10.81665383
Member 1 Member Local Stiffness Matrix [k]
Unit 10 11 12 1 2 3
E 30 GPa 375000.00 0.00 0.00 -375000.00 0.00 0.00 10
I 480000000 mm4 0.00 800.00 2400.00 0.00 -800.00 2400.00 11
A 75000 mm2 0.00 2400.00 9600.00 0.00 -2400.00 4800.00 12
L 6 m -375000.00 0.00 0.00 375000.00 0.00 0.00 1
cos θ 0 0.00 -800.00 -2400.00 0.00 800.00 -2400.00 2
sin θ 1 0.00 2400.00 4800.00 0.00 -2400.00 9600.00 3
EI/L3 66.6666667 kN/m
AL2/I 5625 m
6L 36 m Transformation Matrix [T]
2L2 72 m2 10 11 12 1 2 3
4L2 144 m2 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10
-1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11
0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1
0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 3

Member Global Stiffness Matrix [K]

10 11 12 1 2 3
800.00 0.00 -2400.00 -800.00 0.00 -2400.00 10
0.00 375000.00 0.00 0.00 -375000.00 0.00 11
-2400.00 0.00 9600.00 2400.00 0.00 4800.00 12
-800.00 0.00 2400.00 800.00 0.00 2400.00 1
0.00 -375000.00 0.00 0.00 375000.00 0.00 2
-2400.00 0.00 4800.00 2400.00 0.00 9600.00 3
 Local Fixed-end Force Vector {Qf}
FAb 0.00 kN 10
FSb 0.00 kN 11
FMb 0.00 kN∙m 12
FAe 0.00 kN 1
FSe 0.00 kN 2
FMe 0.00 kN∙m 3

{Ff} = [T]T{Qf} Global Fixed-end Force Vector {Ff}

FAb cosθ - FSb sinθ 0.00 kN 10
FAb sinθ + FSb cosθ 0.00 kN 11
FMb 0.00 kN∙m 12
FAe cosθ - FSe sinθ 0.00 kN 1
FAe sinθ + FSe cosθ 0.00 kN 2
FMe 0.00 kN∙m 3
Member 2 Member Local Stiffness Matrix [k]
Unit 13 14 15 4 5 6
E 30 GPa 375000.00 0.00 0.00 -375000.00 0.00 0.00 13
I 480000000 mm4 0.00 800.00 2400.00 0.00 -800.00 2400.00 14
A 75000 mm2 0.00 2400.00 9600.00 0.00 -2400.00 4800.00 15
L 6 m -375000.00 0.00 0.00 375000.00 0.00 0.00 4
cos θ 0 0.00 -800.00 -2400.00 0.00 800.00 -2400.00 5
sin θ 1 0.00 2400.00 4800.00 0.00 -2400.00 9600.00 6
EI/L3 66.6666667 kN/m
AL2/I 5625 m
6L 36 m Transformation Matrix [T]
2L2 72 m2 13 14 15 4 5 6
4L2 144 m2 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13
-1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14
0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 5
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 6

Member Global Stiffness Matrix [K]

13 14 15 4 5 6
800.00 0.00 -2400.00 -800.00 0.00 -2400.00 13
0.00 375000.00 0.00 0.00 -375000.00 0.00 14
-2400.00 0.00 9600.00 2400.00 0.00 4800.00 15
-800.00 0.00 2400.00 800.00 0.00 2400.00 4
0.00 -375000.00 0.00 0.00 375000.00 0.00 5
-2400.00 0.00 4800.00 2400.00 0.00 9600.00 6
 Local Fixed-end Force Vector {Qf}
FAb 0.00 kN 13
FSb 0.00 kN 14
FMb 0.00 kN∙m 15
FAe 0.00 kN 4
FSe 0.00 kN 5
FMe 0.00 kN∙m 6

{Ff} = [T]T{Qf} Global Fixed-end Force Vector {Ff}

FAb cosθ - FSb sinθ 0.00 kN 13
FAb sinθ + FSb cosθ 0.00 kN 14
FMb 0.00 kN∙m 15
FAe cosθ - FSe sinθ 0.00 kN 4
FAe sinθ + FSe cosθ 0.00 kN 5
FMe 0.00 kN∙m 6
Member 3 Member Local Stiffness Matrix [k]
Unit 1 2 3 7 8 9
E 30 GPa 375000.00 0.00 0.00 -375000.00 0.00 0.00 1
I 480000000 mm4 0.00 800.00 2400.00 0.00 -800.00 2400.00 2
A 75000 mm2 0.00 2400.00 9600.00 0.00 -2400.00 4800.00 3
L 6 m -375000.00 0.00 0.00 375000.00 0.00 0.00 7
cos θ 0 0.00 -800.00 -2400.00 0.00 800.00 -2400.00 8
sin θ 1 0.00 2400.00 4800.00 0.00 -2400.00 9600.00 9
EI/L3 66.6666667 kN/m
AL2/I 5625 m
6L 36 m Transformation Matrix [T]
2L2 72 m2 1 2 3 7 8 9
4L2 144 m2 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1
-1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2
0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 7
0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 8
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 9

Member Global Stiffness Matrix [K]

1 2 3 7 8 9
800.00 0.00 -2400.00 -800.00 0.00 -2400.00 1
0.00 375000.00 0.00 0.00 -375000.00 0.00 2
-2400.00 0.00 9600.00 2400.00 0.00 4800.00 3
-800.00 0.00 2400.00 800.00 0.00 2400.00 7
0.00 -375000.00 0.00 0.00 375000.00 0.00 8
-2400.00 0.00 4800.00 2400.00 0.00 9600.00 9
 Local Fixed-end Force Vector {Qf}
FAb 0.00 kN 1
FSb 0.00 kN 2
FMb 0.00 kN∙m 3
FAe 0.00 kN 7
FSe 0.00 kN 8
FMe 0.00 kN∙m 9

{Ff} = [T]T{Qf} Global Fixed-end Force Vector {Ff}

FAb cosθ - FSb sinθ 0.00 kN 1
FAb sinθ + FSb cosθ 0.00 kN 2
FMb 0.00 kN∙m 3
FAe cosθ - FSe sinθ 0.00 kN 7
FAe sinθ + FSe cosθ 0.00 kN 8
FMe 0.00 kN∙m 9
Member 4 Member Local Stiffness Matrix [k]
Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6
E 30 GPa 250000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -250000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1
I 480000000 mm4 0.0000 237.0370 1066.6667 0.0000 -237.0370 1066.6667 2
A 75000 mm2 0.0000 1066.6667 6400.0000 0.0000 -1066.6667 3200.0000 3
L 9 m -250000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 250000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4
cos θ 1 0.0000 -237.0370 -1066.6667 0.0000 237.0370 -1066.6667 5
sin θ 0 0.0000 1066.6667 3200.0000 0.0000 -1066.6667 6400.0000 6
EI/L3 19.7530864 kN/m
AL2/I 12656.25 m
6L 54 m Transformation Matrix [T]
2L2 162 m2 1 2 3 4 5 6
4L2 324 m2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1
0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2
0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3
0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 5
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 6

Member Global Stiffness Matrix [K]

1 2 3 4 5 6
250000.00 0.00 0.00 -250000.00 0.00 0.00 1
0.00 237.04 1066.67 0.00 -237.04 1066.67 2
0.00 1066.67 6400.00 0.00 -1066.67 3200.00 3
-250000.00 0.00 0.00 250000.00 0.00 0.00 4
0.00 -237.04 -1066.67 0.00 237.04 -1066.67 5
0.00 1066.67 3200.00 0.00 -1066.67 6400.00 6
 Local Fixed-end Force Vector {Qf}
FAb 0.00 kN 1
FSb 0.00 kN 2
FMb 0.00 kN∙m 3
FAe 0.00 kN 4
FSe 0.00 kN 5
FMe 0.00 kN∙m 6

{Ff} = [T]T{Qf} Global Fixed-end Force Vector {Ff}

FAb cosθ - FSb sinθ 0.00 kN 1
FAb sinθ + FSb cosθ 0.00 kN 2
FMb 0.00 kN∙m 3
FAe cosθ - FSe sinθ 0.00 kN 4
FAe sinθ + FSe cosθ 0.00 kN 5
FMe 0.00 kN∙m 6
Member 5 Member Local Stiffness Matrix [k]
Unit 4 5 6 7 8 9
E 30 GPa 208012.5736 0.0000 0.0000 -208012.5736 0.0000 0.0000 4
I 480000000 mm4 0.0000 136.5416 738.4615 0.0000 -136.5416 738.4615 5
A 75000 mm2 0.0000 738.4615 5325.1219 0.0000 -738.4615 2662.5609 6
L 10.8166538 m -208012.5736 0.0000 0.0000 208012.5736 0.0000 0.0000 7
cos θ -0.8320503 0.0000 -136.5416 -738.4615 0.0000 136.5416 -738.4615 8
sin θ 0.5547002 0.0000 738.4615 2662.5609 0.0000 -738.4615 5325.1219 9
EI/L3 11.3784656 kN/m
AL2/I 18281.25 m
6L 64.899923 m Transformation Matrix [T]
2L2 234 m2 4 5 6 7 8 9
4L2 468 m2 -0.83 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4
-0.55 -0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5
0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6
0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.83 0.55 0.00 7
0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.55 -0.83 0.00 8
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 9

Member Global Stiffness Matrix [K]

4 5 6 7 8 9
144050.718 -95942.784 -409.625 -144050.718 95942.784 -409.625 4
-95942.784 64098.398 -614.437 95942.784 -64098.398 -614.437 5
-409.625 -614.437 5325.122 409.625 614.437 2662.561 6
-144050.718 95942.784 409.625 144050.718 -95942.784 409.625 7
95942.784 -64098.398 614.437 -95942.784 64098.398 614.437 8
-409.625 -614.437 2662.561 409.625 614.437 5325.122 9
 Local Fixed-end Force Vector {Qf}
FAb 0.00 kN 4
FSb 64.90 kN 5
FMb 117.00 kN∙m 6
FAe 0.00 kN 7
FSe 64.90 kN 8
FMe -117.00 kN∙m 9

{Ff} = [T]T{Qf} Global Fixed-end Force Vector {Ff}

FAb cosθ - FSb sinθ -36.00 kN 4
FAb sinθ + FSb cosθ -54.00 kN 5
FMb 117.00 kN∙m 6
FAe cosθ - FSe sinθ -36.00 kN 7
FAe sinθ + FSe cosθ -54.00 kN 8
FMe -117.00 kN∙m 9
Structure Stiffness Matrix

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
251600.00 0.00 0.00 -250000.00 0.00 0.00 -800.00 0.00 -2400.00 1
0.00 750237.04 1066.67 0.00 -237.04 1066.67 0.00 -375000.00 0.00 2
0.00 1066.67 25600.00 0.00 -1066.67 3200.00 2400.00 0.00 4800.00 3
-250000.00 0.00 0.00 394850.72 -95942.78 1990.38 -144050.72 95942.78 -409.62 4
S= 0.00 -237.04 -1066.67 -95942.78 439335.43 -1681.10 95942.78 -64098.40 -614.44 5
0.00 1066.67 3200.00 1990.38 -1681.10 21325.12 409.62 614.44 2662.56 6
-800.00 0.00 2400.00 -144050.72 95942.78 409.62 144850.72 -95942.78 2809.62 7
0.00 -375000.00 0.00 95942.78 -64098.40 614.44 -95942.78 439098.40 614.44 8
-2400.00 0.00 4800.00 -409.62 -614.44 2662.56 2809.62 614.44 14925.12 9

Joint Load Vector

P
80.00 1 kN
0.00 2 kN
0.00 3 kN∙m
0.00 4 kN
0.00 5 kN
0.00 6 kN∙m
40.00 7 kN
0.00 8 kN
0.00 9 kN∙m
Structure Fixed Load Vector

Pf
0.00 1 kN
0.00 2 kN
0.00 3 kN∙m
-36.00 4 kN
-54.00 5 kN
117.00 6 kN∙m
-36.00 7 kN
-54.00 8 kN
-117.00 9 kN∙m

Solving for the displacement matrix:

80.00 0.00 251600.00 0.00 0.00 -250000.00 0.00 0.00 -800.00 0.00 -2400.00 d1
0.00 0.00 0.00 750237.04 1066.67 0.00 -237.04 1066.67 0.00 -375000.00 0.00 d2
0.00 0.00 0.00 1066.67 25600.00 0.00 -1066.67 3200.00 2400.00 0.00 4800.00 d3
0.00 -36.00 -250000.00 0.00 0.00 394850.72 -95942.78 1990.38 -144050.72 95942.78 -409.62 d4
0.00 - -54.00 = 0.00 -237.04 -1066.67 -95942.78 439335.43 -1681.10 95942.78 -64098.40 -614.44 × d5
0.00 117.00 0.00 1066.67 3200.00 1990.38 -1681.10 21325.12 409.62 614.44 2662.56 d6
40.00 -36.00 -800.00 0.00 2400.00 -144050.72 95942.78 409.62 144850.72 -95942.78 2809.62 d7
0.00 -54.00 0.00 -375000.00 0.00 95942.78 -64098.40 614.44 -95942.78 439098.40 614.44 d8
0.00 -117.00 -2400.00 0.00 4800.00 -409.62 -614.44 2662.56 2809.62 614.44 14925.12 d9
 80.00 251600.00 0.00 0.00 -250000.00 0.00 0.00 -800.00 0.00 -2400.00 d1
0.00 0.00 750237.04 1066.67 0.00 -237.04 1066.67 0.00 -375000.00 0.00 d2
0.00 0.00 1066.67 25600.00 0.00 -1066.67 3200.00 2400.00 0.00 4800.00 d3
36.00 -250000.00 0.00 0.00 394850.72 -95942.78 1990.38 -144050.72 95942.78 -409.62 d4
54.00 = 0.00 -237.04 -1066.67 -95942.78 439335.43 -1681.10 95942.78 -64098.40 -614.44 × d5
-117.00 0.00 1066.67 3200.00 1990.38 -1681.10 21325.12 409.62 614.44 2662.56 d6
76.00 -800.00 0.00 2400.00 -144050.72 95942.78 409.62 144850.72 -95942.78 2809.62 d7
54.00 0.00 -375000.00 0.00 95942.78 -64098.40 614.44 -95942.78 439098.40 614.44 d8
117.00 -2400.00 0.00 4800.00 -409.62 -614.44 2662.56 2809.62 614.44 14925.12 d9

d1 8837.724811 7.665848 -791.993973 8821.976976 -7.665848 -927.906623 8841.695016 10.449226 418.317719 80.00
d2 7.665848 26.663033 -2.587276 7.663862 0.003634 -2.522627 25.432315 26.661716 -3.159911 0.00
d3 -791.993973 -2.587276 491.983274 -792.935227 2.587276 36.326459 -802.179187 -3.675075 -162.555606 0.00
d4 8821.976976 7.663862 -792.935227 8846.106749 -7.663862 -929.759348 8865.727901 10.437303 412.557331 36.00
d5 = -7.665848 0.003634 2.587276 -7.663862 26.663033 2.522627 -25.432315 0.004951 3.159911 ×10-7 × 54.00
d6 -927.906623 -2.522627 36.326459 -929.759348 2.522627 582.895531 -933.628452 -3.287101 -114.402744 -117.00
d7 8841.695016 25.432315 -802.179187 8865.727901 -25.432315 -933.628452 8990.201653 45.959372 394.303888 76.00
d8 10.449226 26.661716 -3.675075 10.437303 0.004951 -3.287101 45.959372 53.320478 -7.111610 54.00
d9 418.317719 -3.159911 -162.555606 412.557331 3.159911 -114.402744 394.303888 -7.111610 747.484190 117.00

d1 0.185423652763120 m
d2 0.000418738947165 m
d3 -0.017619874705582 rad
d4 0.185521413886181 m
d5 -0.000130738947165 m
d6 -0.026028480844182 rad
d7 0.186623367623518 m
d8 0.000713669896175 m
d9 0.017891195648727 rad
Member 1

{u} = [T]{v} Local Member End Displacement {u}

10 11 12 1 2 3
u1 0.0000000 m 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10 0.0000000
u2 0.0000000 m -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11 0.0000000
u3 0.0000000 rad 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12 0.0000000
u4 0.0004187 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1 0.1854237
u5 -0.1854237 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 2 0.0004187
u6 -0.0176199 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 3 -0.0176199

{Q} - {Qf} = [k]{u} Local Member End Forces {Q} – {Qf}

10 11 12 1 2 3
Q1 - Qf1 -157.0271052 kN 375000.00 0.00 0.00 -375000.00 0.00 0.00 10 0.0000000
Q2 - Qf2 106.0512229 kN 0.00 800.00 2400.00 0.00 -800.00 2400.00 11 0.0000000
Q3 - Qf3 360.4413680 kN∙m 0.00 2400.00 9600.00 0.00 -2400.00 4800.00 12 0.0000000
Q4 - Qf4 157.0271052 kN -375000.00 0.00 0.00 375000.00 0.00 0.00 1 0.0004187
Q5 - Qf5 -106.0512229 kN 0.00 -800.00 -2400.00 0.00 800.00 -2400.00 2 -0.1854237
Q6 - Qf6 275.8659695 kN∙m 0.00 2400.00 4800.00 0.00 -2400.00 9600.00 3 -0.0176199
{Q} = [k]{u} + {Qf} Local Member End Forces {Q}
Q1 -157.0271052 kN 10
Q2 106.0512229 kN 11
Q3 360.4413680 kN∙m 12
Q4 157.0271052 kN 1
Q5 -106.0512229 kN 2
Q6 275.8659695 kN∙m 3

{F} = [T]T{Q} Global Member End Forces {F}

10 11 12 1 2 3
F1 -106.0512229 kN 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10 -157.0271052
F2 -157.0271052 kN 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11 106.0512229
F3 360.4413680 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12 360.4413680
F4 106.0512229 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 1 157.0271052
F5 157.0271052 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 2 -106.0512229
F6 275.8659695 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 3 275.8659695
Member 2

{u} = [T]{v} Local Member End Displacement {u}

13 14 15 4 5 6
u1 0.0000000 m 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13 0.0000000
u2 0.0000000 m -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14 0.0000000
u3 0.0000000 rad 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15 0.0000000
u4 -0.0001307 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 4 0.1855214
u5 -0.1855214 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 5 -0.0001307
u6 -0.0260285 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 6 -0.0260285

{Q} - {Qf} = [k]{u} Local Member End Forces

13 14 15 4 5 6
Q1 - Qf1 49.0271052 kN 375000.00 0.00 0.00 -375000.00 0.00 0.00 13 0.0000000
Q2 - Qf2 85.9487771 kN 0.00 800.00 2400.00 0.00 -800.00 2400.00 14 0.0000000
Q3 - Qf3 320.3146853 kN∙m 0.00 2400.00 9600.00 0.00 -2400.00 4800.00 15 0.0000000
Q4 - Qf4 -49.0271052 kN -375000.00 0.00 0.00 375000.00 0.00 0.00 4 -0.0001307
Q5 - Qf5 -85.9487771 kN 0.00 -800.00 -2400.00 0.00 800.00 -2400.00 5 -0.1855214
Q6 - Qf6 195.3779772 kN∙m 0.00 2400.00 4800.00 0.00 -2400.00 9600.00 6 -0.0260285
{Q} = [k]{u} + {Qf} Local Member End Forces {Q}
Q1 49.0271052 kN 13
Q2 85.9487771 kN 14
Q3 320.3146853 kN∙m 15
Q4 -49.0271052 kN 4
Q5 -85.9487771 kN 5
Q6 195.3779772 kN∙m 6

{F} = [T]T{Q} Global Member End Forces {F}

13 14 15 4 5 6
F1 -85.9487771 kN 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13 49.0271052
F2 49.0271052 kN 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14 85.9487771
F3 320.3146853 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15 320.3146853
F4 85.9487771 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 4 -49.0271052
F5 -49.0271052 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 5 -85.9487771
F6 195.3779772 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 6 195.3779772
Member 3

{u} = [T]{v} Local Member End Displacement {u}

1 2 3 7 8 9
u1 0.0004187 m 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 0.1854237
u2 -0.1854237 m -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 0.0004187
u3 -0.0176199 rad 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 -0.0176199
u4 0.0007137 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 7 0.1866234
u5 -0.1866234 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 8 0.0007137
u6 0.0178912 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 9 0.0178912

{Q} - {Qf} = [k]{u} Local Member End Forces

1 2 3 7 8 9
Q1 - Qf1 -110.5991059 kN 375000.00 0.00 0.00 -375000.00 0.00 0.00 1 0.0004187
Q2 - Qf2 1.6109422 kN 0.00 800.00 2400.00 0.00 -800.00 2400.00 2 -0.1854237
Q3 - Qf3 -80.3937424 kN∙m 0.00 2400.00 9600.00 0.00 -2400.00 4800.00 3 -0.0176199
Q4 - Qf4 110.5991059 kN -375000.00 0.00 0.00 375000.00 0.00 0.00 7 0.0007137
Q5 - Qf5 -1.6109422 kN 0.00 -800.00 -2400.00 0.00 800.00 -2400.00 8 -0.1866234
Q6 - Qf6 90.0593953 kN∙m 0.00 2400.00 4800.00 0.00 -2400.00 9600.00 9 0.0178912
{Q} = [k]{u} + {Qf} Local Member End Forces {Q}
Q1 -110.5991059 kN 1
Q2 1.6109422 kN 2
Q3 -80.3937424 kN∙m 3
Q4 110.5991059 kN 7
Q5 -1.6109422 kN 8
Q6 90.0593953 kN∙m 9

{F} = [T]T{Q} Global Member End Forces {F}

1 2 3 7 8 9
F1 -1.6109422 kN 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 -110.5991059
F2 -110.5991059 kN 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 1.6109422
F3 -80.3937424 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 -80.3937424
F4 1.6109422 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 7 110.5991059
F5 110.5991059 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 8 -1.6109422
F6 90.0593953 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 9 90.0593953
Member 4

{u} = [T]{v} Local Member End Displacement {u}

1 2 3 4 5 6
u1 0.1854237 m 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 0.1854237
u2 0.0004187 m 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 0.0004187
u3 -0.0176199 rad 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 -0.0176199
u4 0.1855214 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 4 0.1855214
u5 -0.0001307 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 5 -0.0001307
u6 -0.0260285 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 6 -0.0260285

{Q} - {Qf} = [k]{u} Local Member End Forces

1 2 3 4 5 6
Q1 - Qf1 -24.4402808 kN 250000.00 0.00 0.00 -250000.00 0.00 0.00 1 0.1854237
Q2 - Qf2 -46.4279993 kN 0.00 237.04 1066.67 0.00 -237.04 1066.67 2 0.0004187
Q3 - Qf3 -195.4722271 kN∙m 0.00 1066.67 6400.00 0.00 -1066.67 3200.00 3 -0.0176199
Q4 - Qf4 24.4402808 kN -250000.00 0.00 0.00 250000.00 0.00 0.00 4 0.1855214
Q5 - Qf5 46.4279993 kN 0.00 -237.04 -1066.67 0.00 237.04 -1066.67 5 -0.0001307
Q6 - Qf6 -222.3797667 kN∙m 0.00 1066.67 3200.00 0.00 -1066.67 6400.00 6 -0.0260285
{Q} = [k]{u} + {Qf} Local Member End Forces {Q}
Q1 -24.4402808 kN 1
Q2 -46.4279993 kN 2
Q3 -195.4722271 kN∙m 3
Q4 24.4402808 kN 4
Q5 46.4279993 kN 5
Q6 -222.3797667 kN∙m 6

{F} = [T]T{Q} Global Member End Forces {F}

1 2 3 4 5 6
F1 -24.4402808 kN 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 -24.4402808
F2 -46.4279993 kN 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 -46.4279993
F3 -195.4722271 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 -195.4722271
F4 24.4402808 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 4 24.4402808
F5 46.4279993 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 5 46.4279993
F6 -222.3797667 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 6 -222.3797667
Member 5

Local Member End Displacement {u}

{u} = [T]{v}
4 5 6 7 8 9
u1 -0.1544357 m -0.83 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 0.1855214
u2 -0.1028000 m -0.55 -0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 -0.0001307
u3 -0.0260285 rad 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 -0.0260285
u4 -0.1548842 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.83 0.55 0.00 7 0.1866234
u5 -0.1041138 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.55 -0.83 0.00 8 0.0007137
u6 0.0178912 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 9 0.0178912

{Q} - {Qf} = [k]{u} Local Member End Forces

4 5 6 7 8 9
Q1 - Qf1 93.2909726 kN 208012.57 0.00 0.00 -208012.57 0.00 0.00 4 -0.1544357
Q2 - Qf2 -5.8296777 kN 0.00 136.54 738.46 0.00 -136.54 738.46 5 -0.1028000
Q3 - Qf3 -89.9982105 kN∙m 0.00 738.46 5325.12 0.00 -738.46 2662.56 6 -0.0260285
Q4 - Qf4 -93.2909726 kN -208012.57 0.00 0.00 208012.57 0.00 0.00 7 -0.1548842
Q5 - Qf5 5.8296777 kN 0.00 -136.54 -738.46 0.00 136.54 -738.46 8 -0.1041138
Q6 - Qf6 26.9406047 kN∙m 0.00 738.46 2662.56 0.00 -738.46 5325.12 9 0.0178912
{Q} = [k]{u} + {Qf} Local Member End Forces {Q}
Q1 93.2909726 kN 4
Q2 59.0702452 kN 5
Q3 27.0017895 kN∙m 6
Q4 -93.2909726 kN 7
Q5 70.7296007 kN 8
Q6 -90.0593953 kN∙m 9

{F} = [T]T{Q} Global Member End Forces {F}

4 5 6 7 8 9
F1 -110.3890578 kN -0.83 -0.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 93.2909726
F2 2.5991059 kN 0.55 -0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 59.0702452
F3 27.0017895 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 27.0017895
F4 38.3890578 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.83 -0.55 0.00 7 -93.2909726
F5 -110.5991059 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.55 -0.83 0.00 8 70.7296007
F6 -90.0593953 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 9 -90.0593953
Reaction Vector

Reactions
-106.0512229 10 kN
-157.0271052 11 kN
360.4413680 12 kN∙m
-85.9487771 13 kN
49.0271052 14 kN
320.3146853 15 kN∙m

The reactions are as follows:

Fig. 5.9 Reactions

Activities:
1. Determine the joint displacements, member end forces, and support reactions for the
two-member frame shown in Fig. 5.10.

Fig. 5.10

2. Determine the joint displacements, member end forces, and support reactions for the
six-member frame shown in Fig. 5.11.

Fig. 5.11