Windows Server Questions &Layers & Protocols

1.What are the Features of windows2003?

ACTIVE DIRECTORY
Easier Deployment and Management
ADMT version 2.0—migrates password from NT4 to 2000 to 20003 or from 2000 to 2003
Domain Rename--- supports changing Domain Name System and/or NetBios name
Schema Redefine--- Allows deactivation of attributes and class definitions in the Active
directory schema
AD/AM--- Active directory in application mode is a new capability of AD that addresses certain
deployment scenarios related to directory enabled applications
Group Policy Improvements----introduced GPMC tool to manage group policy
UI—Enhanced User Interface

Grater Security
Cross-forest Authentication
Cross-forest Authorization
Cross-certification Enhancements
IAS and Cross-forest authentication
Credential Manager
Software Restriction Policies

Improved Performance and Dependability

Easier logon for remote offices
Group Membership replication enhancements
Application Directory Partitions
Install Replica from media
Dependability Improvements--- updated Inter-Site Topology Generator (ISTG) that scales better
by supporting forests with a greater number of sites than Windows 2000.

FILE AND PRINT SERVICES

Volume shadow copy service
NTFS journaling file system
EFS
Improved CHDSK Performance
Enhanced DFS and FRS
Shadow copy of shared folders
Enhanced folder redirection
Remote document sharing (WEBDAV)

IIS
Fault-tolerant process architecture----- The IIS 6.0 fault-tolerant process architecture isolates
Web sites and applications into self-contained units called application pools
Health Monitoring---- IIS 6.0 periodically checks the status of an application pool with automatic
restart on failure of the Web sites and applications within that application pool, increasing
application availability. IIS 6.0 protects the server, and other applications, by automatically
disabling Web sites and applications that fail too often within a short amount of time
Automatic Process Recycling--- IIS 6.0 automatically stops and restarts faulty Web sites and
applications based on a flexible set of criteria, including CPU utilization and memory
consumption, while queuing requests
Rapid-fail Protection---- If an application fails too often within a short amount of time, IIS 6.0
will automatically disable it and return a "503 Service Unavailable" error message to any new or
queued requests to the application
Edit-While-Running

2.What are the Difference between NT & 2000?

NT SAM database is a flat database. Where as in windows 2000 active directory database is a
hierarchical database.
In windows NT only PDC is having writable copy of SAM database but the BDC is only read
only database. In case of Windows 2000 both DC and ADC is having write copy of the database
Windows NT will not support FAT32 file system. Windows 2000 supports FAT32
Default authentication protocol in NT is NTLM (NT LAN manager). In windows 2000 default
authentication protocol is Kerberos V5.
Windows 2000 depends and Integrated with DNS. NT user Netbios names
Active Directory can be backed up easily with System state data

3.What Difference between 2000 & 2003?

Application Server mode is introduced in windows 2003
Possible to configure stub zones in windows 2003 DNS
Volume shadow copy services is introduced
Windows 2003 gives an option to replicate DNS data b/w all DNS servers in forest or All DNS
servers in the domain.
Refer Question 1 for all Enhancements

4.What Difference between PDC & BDC?

PDC contains a write copy of SAM database where as BDC contains read only copy of SAM
database. It is not possible to reset a password or create objects with out PDC in Windows NT.

5.What are Difference between DC & ADC?

There is no difference between in DC and ADC both contains write copy of AD. Both can also
handles FSMO roles (If transfers from DC to ADC). It is just for identification. Functionality
wise there is no difference.

6.What is DNS & WINS

DNS is a Domain Naming System, which resolves Host names to IP addresses. It uses fully
qualified domain names. DNS is a Internet standard used to resolve host names
WINS is a Windows Internet Name Service, which resolves Netbios names to IP Address. This
is proprietary for Windows

7.How may Types of DNS Servers

Primary DNS
Secondary DNS
Active Directory Integrated DNS
Forwarder
Caching only DNS

8.If DHCP is not available what happens to the client ?

Client will not get IP and it cannot be participated in network . If client already got the IP and
having lease duration it use the IP till the lease duration expires.

9.what are the different types of trust relationships ?

Implicit Trusts
Explicit Trusts—NT to Win2k or Forest to Forest

10.what is the process of DHCP for getting the IP address to the client ?
There is a four way negotiation process b/w client and server
DHCP Discover (Initiated by client)
DHCP Offer (Initiated by server)
DHCP Select (Initiated by client)
DHCP Acknowledgment (Initiated by Server)
DHCP Negative Acknowledgment (Initiated by server if any issues after DHCP offer)

11.Difference between FAT,NTFS & NTFSVersion5 ?

NTFS Version 5 features
Encryption is possible
We can enable Disk Quotas
File compression is possible
Sparse files
Indexing Service
NTFS change journal
In FAT file system we can apply only share level security. File level protection is not possible. In
NTFS we can apply both share level as well as file level security
NTFS supports large partition sizes than FAT file systems
NTFS supports long file names than FAT file systems

12.What are the port numbers for FTP, Telnet, HTTP, DNS ?
FTP-21, Telnet – 23, HTTP-80, DNS-53, Kerberos-88, LDAP-389

13.what are the different types of profiles in 2000 ?

Local Profiles
Roaming profiles
Mandatory Profiles

14.what is the database files used for Active Directory ? ?

The key AD database files—edb.log, ntds.dit, res1.log, res2.log, and edb.chk—all of which
reside in \%systemroot%\ntds on a domain controller (DC) by default. During AD installation,
Dcpromo lets you specify alternative locations for these log files and database files
NTDS.DIT

15.What is the location of AD Database ?

%System root%/NTDS/NTDS>DIT

16.What is the authentication protocol used in NT ?

NTLM (NT LAN Manager)

17.What is subnetting and supernetting ?

Subnetting is the process of borrowing bits from the host portion of an address to provide bits for
identifying additional sub-networks
Supernetting merges several smaller blocks of IP addresses (networks) that are continuous into
one larger block of addresses. Borrowing network bits to combine several smaller networks into
one larger network does supernetting

18.what is the use of terminal services ?

Terminal services can be used as Remote Administration mode to administer remotely as well as
Application Server Mode to run the application in one server and users can login to that server to
user that application.

19.what is the protocol used for terminal services ?

RDP

20.what is the port number for RDP ?

3389

Layers & Protocols

Layers & Protocols

1. OSI Model ( Open System Interface ) - 7 Layers

2. TCP / IP Model - 4 Layers

OSI MODEL :

1. Application Layer --------- Data

2. Presentation Layer ------- Data
3. Session Layer -------------Data
4. Transport Layer ----------Segments
5. Network Layer ----------- Packets ( Router – IP )
6. Data Link Layer ---------- Frames ( Switch & Bridge – MAC )
7. Physical Layer ------------ Dealing with Bits ( Repeater & Hub )

TCP / IP MODEL :

1. Application Layer
2. Transport Layer
3. Internet Layer
4. Network Access Layer

OSI LAYER : TCP / IP LAYER

Application Layer | Application Layer

Presentation Layer | Application Layer
Session Layer | Application Layer
Transport Layer - Transport Layer
Network Layer - Internet Layer
Data Link |Network Access Layer
Physical Layer | Network Access Layer

PROTOCOLS :

Physical & Data link Layer – Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI

Network & Internet Layer - IP,ICMP,ARP,RARP,PPP,HDLC,SLIP

Transport Layer - TCP and UDP

Application Layer - FTP,TFTP,DNS,PROXY,SNMP,SMTP,TELNET,POP3

HTTP,REMOTE LOGIN

TCP ------------ Transmission Control Protocol

UDP------------ User Datagram Protocol
PPP-------------Point-to-Point Protocol
HDLC-----------High Level Data Link Protocol
SLIP------------Serial Line Internet Protocol
RIP-------------Routing Information Protocol
IGRP-----------Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
EIGRP----------Enhanced IGRP
BGP------------Border Gateway protocol
OSPF-----------Open Shortest Path First
IS-IS-----------Intermediate System - Intermediate System
IP--------------Internet Protocol
ICMP----------Internet Control Messaging Protocol
ARP-----------Address Resolution Protocol
RARP----------Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
FTP------------File Transfer Protocol
TFTP----------Trivial File Transfer Protocol
SNMP---------Simple Network Management Protocol
SMTP---------Simple Mail Transfer Protocol