Python Programming
Operators
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Operators
❖ Operators are constructs used to modify the values of
operands.
• Arithmetic operator
• Comparison operator
• Assignment operator
• Logical operator
• Bitwise operator
• Membership operator
• Identity operator
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Arithmetic operator
• + Addition operator to add two operands.
• – Subtraction operator to subtract two
operands.
• * Multiplication operator to multiply two
operands.
• / Division operator to divide left hand
operator by right hand Operator.
• ** Exponential operator to calculate power.
• % Modulus operator to find remainder.
• // Floor division operator to find the
quotient and remove the fractional part.
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Comparison operator / relational operators
• Operators are used to compare values.
• == Operator to check whether two operands
are equal.
• != or <> Operator to check whether two
operands are not equal.
• > Operator to check whether first operand is
greater than second operand.
• < Operator to check whether first operand is
smaller than second operand.
• >= Operator to check whether first operand is
greater than or equal to second operand.
• <= Operator to check whether first operand is
smaller than or equal to second operand. 5
• Likewise other operators
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Assignment Operators
• This operator is used to store right side
operand in the left side operand
• = Store right side operand in left side
operand.
• += Add right side operand to left side operand
and store the result in left side operand.
• – = Subtract right side operand from left side
operand and store the result in left side
operand.
• * = Multiply right side operand with left side
operand and store the result in left side
operand.
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• / = Divide left side operand by right side
operand and store the result in left side
operand.
• % = Find the modulus and store the remainder
in left side operand.
• ** = Find the exponential and store the result
in left side operand.
• // = Find the floor division and store the result
in left side operand.
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Bitwise Operators
• Operators perform bit level operation on
operands.
• & Bitwise AND - Operator performs AND
operation between operands. Operator copies
bit if it exists in both operands.
• | Bitwise OR - Operator performs OR
operation between operands. Operator copies
bit if it exists in either operand.
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• ^ Bitwise XOR - Operator performs XOR
operation between operands. Operator copies
bit if it exists only in one operand.
• ~ bitwise inverse - Operator is a unary
operator used to opposite the bits of operand.
• << left shift - Operator is used to shift the bits
towards left
• << right shift - Operator is used to shift the
bits towards right
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• Take binary value x=1010 (10) y=1100 (12)
Bitwise AND ( & ) Bitwise OR ( | )
X=1 0 1 0 X=1 0 1 0
Y=1 1 0 0 Y=1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
Bitwise XOR ( | ) Bitwise Inverse ( ~ )
X=1 0 1 0 X= 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Y=1 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
Shift right ( >> ) Shift left ( << )
X= 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Move right Move X= 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
left
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
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Logical Operators
• These operators are used to check two or more
conditions. The result is always a Boolean value
• and logical AND - When both operands are
true, the result become true.
• or logical OR - When any operand is true, the
result becomes true.
• not logical NOT - used to reverse the operand
state.
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Membership Operators
• It is used to check an item or an element that
is part of a string, a list or a tuple.
• A membership operator reduces the effort of
searching an element in the list.
• in - Return true, if item is in list or in sequence.
Return false, if item is not in list or in sequence.
• not in - Return false, if item is in list or in
sequence. Return true, if item is not in list or in
sequence.
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Identity Operators
• These operators are used to check whether
both operands are same or not.
• is - Return true, if the operands are same.
Return false, if the operands are not same.
• not is - Return false, if the operands are same.
Return true, if the operands are not same.
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• Likewise not is operator also
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Precedence of Operators
• Precedence is the condition that specifies the
importance of each operator relative to the
others.
• When an expression has two or more operators,
we need to identify the correct sequence to
evaluate these operators
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Operator Description
NOT, OR AND Logical operators
in , not in Membership operator
is, not is Identity operator
=, %=, /=, //=, -=, Assignment operators.
+=, *=, **==
<>, ==, != Equality comparison operator
<=, <, >, >= Comparison operators
^, | Bitwise XOR and OR operator
& Bitwise AND operator
<<, >> Bitwise left shift and right shift
+, - Addition and subtraction
*, /, %, // Multiplication, Division, Modulus and
floor division
** Exponential operator
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Associativity
• It decides the order in which the operators
with same precedence are executed.
• 2 Types of associativity., One is left-to-right
and other is right-to-left.
• Most of the operators in Python have
left-to-right associativity.
Eg:
• left-to-right associative operators are
multiplication, floor division, etc and **
operator is right-to-left associative.
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• Based on the number of operands, operators
are classified into following two types:
1. Unary Operator : operators are operators with
only one operand. (sign +,-,~)
2. Binary Operator : operators with two operands
that are manipulated to get the result. It used
to compare numeric values and string values.
(**, *, /, %, +, -, <<,>>, &, | ,^,<,>,<= ,>=, == ,!= ,<>)
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syllabus
• UNIT I
Introduction:
Introduction to Python, Python overview, Getting started with
python, Comments, Identifiers, Reserved keywords, Variables,
Standard Data Types, Operators, Statements and Expressions, String
Operations, Boolean Expressions. Control Statements- for, while, if
elif else, while.
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