Philippines China

Art History Theme

 Livelihood

GROUP II

Members:

 Andos, Mark Christopher M.

 Bernardo, EmilJhon M.

 Co, Richard A.

 Feliciano, Suzette S.

 Hugo, Jerwin Nico V.

 Maninang, Cathy M. (Representative)

 Olivare, Venjellou O.

 Romero, Kimerson M.

 Tingson, Jhon Christian M.

PHILIPPINES

Pre-Colonial period refers to the art before the coming of the first

colonizers. During those times the Philippines already have an indigenous art

tradition that is unique and rich. Culture and traditions were passed on during

community gathering through stories, songs, chants, music, and dance. Rituals

are considered the earliest form of theater where it involves music, dance and

even literature.

Islamic Colonial Period stated in Sulu in the 13th century when

Sayyid Abbubakar of Arabia arrived. He is a missionary who facilitated the

building of religious schools and the teaching of Arabic reading and writing. The

religion spread in Mindanao and was embraced by the Maranao, Maguindanao,

Tausog, Yakan, Samal and Badjao as well as some areas in Palawan.

The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 marked the beginning of

an era of Spanish interest and eventual colonization. In 1543, Spanish explorer

Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of

Philip II of Spain. The Spanish Empire began to settle with the arrival of Miguel

López de Legazpi from New Spain (present day-Mexico) in 1565 who established

the first Spanish settlement in the archipelago, which remained a Spanish colony

for more than 300 years. During this time, Manila became the Asian hub of the

Manila–Acapulco galleon fleet. The Lowland Christians were highlighted in this

period. All artworks are religious/ devotional in nature.

Spain after 333 years. In 1898, Spain surrendered the Philippines to the United

States under the Treaty of Paris this was the start of the Americans to take over

the island. One of the greatest contributions of the Americans to the Filipinos is

their educational system.

1946 – 1969 was considered the dark period the Philippine history.

Because of World War 2 many artworks, buildings and lives have been destroyed

by the war. It is also during this period where modern art slowly penetrating the

art world.

Culture and art became highlighted during the Marcos regime when

Imelda Marcos thought of having a home for the arts and the Cultural Center of

the Philippines was built. Since then arts in the Philippines flourished into what is

now our country is well-known for.

HANDWOVEN MAT OR “BANIG”

A Banig is a handwoven mat usually used in East

Asia and Philippines for sleeping and sitting. This type of mat was traditionally

made in the Philippines. Although has been more widely used too.

Technically, it is not a textile. Depending on the region of the

Philippines, the mat is made of buri (palm), pandan or sea grass leaves. The

leaves are dried, usually dyed, then cut into strips and woven into mats, which

may be plain or intricate.

Banig weaving is the common source of income of people in almost

any part of Samar, most especially by the housewives.

The traditional art of mat weaving continues to flourish in the old

town of Basey. The practice of this ancient art has been handed down from one

generation to the next. The weavers are locally known as “paraglara” (usually

women weavers). The paraglaras is said to practice and were taught the
traditional mat weaving at an early age. It is believed that the people in Basey

had been weaving mats long before the Spaniards came in the Philippines.

Colorful banigs are more expensive than the simple ones. Because of the

increasing demand of the product, the once known “banig” as a sleeping mat is

also now being made into bags, decors, place mats, furniture matting, and

adornments of ceiling panels or walls, throw pillows and more.

CLAY POTS

Pottery is an ancient art form & in Ilocos this tradition of molding

unglazed earthen jars is called “burnay”. Local pottery especially in the northern

part of the Philippines such as the Ilocos region survives through the steady local

purchases of pots for various uses: as cooking wares, containers for drinking

water, fish sauce, and other delicacies, and as plant adornments.

In Vigan, the clay is kneaded by a carabao before it goes to the

potter’s wheel that is today still spun by foot. It is then shaped into jars, dried &
fired in a kiln. These fragile pieces of art combine the elements of earth, water,

wind & fire that only expert “agdamdamili” or potter can only achieve.

CHINA

Chinese art traditions are the oldest continuous art traditions in the

world. Early so-called "stone age art" in China, consisting mostly of simple

pottery and sculptures, dates back to 10,000 B.C.E.. This early period was

followed by a series of dynasties, most of which lasted several hundred years.

Through dynastic changes, political collapses, Mongol and Manchurian

invasions, wars, and famines, Chinese artistic traditions were preserved by

scholars and nobles and adapted by each successive dynasty. The art of each

dynasty can be distinguished by its unique characteristics and developments.

Jade carvings and cast bronzes are among the earliest treasures of

Chinese art. The origins of Chinese music and poetry can be found in the Book

of Songs, containing poems composed between 1000 B.C.E. and 600 B.C.E..

The earliest surviving examples of Chinese painting are fragments of painting on

silk, stone, and lacquer items dating to the Warring States period (481 - 221

B.C.E.). Paper, invented during the first century C.E., later replaced silk.

Beginning with the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (265–420)|, painting

and calligraphy were highly appreciated arts in court circles. Both used brushes

and ink on silk or paper. The earliest paintings were figure paintings, followed

later by landscapes and bird-and-flower paintings. Confucianism, Daoism and

Buddhism powerfully influenced the subject matter and style of Chinese art.
ARTWORKS

PINK SILK CLOTH

"A silkworm spins all its silk till its death and a candle won't stop its

tears until it is fully burnt." This Tang poem accurately describes the property of

the silkworm. Despite technological development, a silkworm can only produce a

certain amount of silk - 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) in its lifespan of 28 days. The

rarity of the raw material is the deciding factor of both the value and the mystery

of China silk.

Legend has it that in ancient times, Lei Zu, the wife of Huang Di ,

taught people how to raise silkworms and how to extract the silk.

The Warring States Period, the beginning of feudalist society in

Chinese history,  witnessed a prosperous time. The development of productivity

popularized silk and it was no longer a luxury just for aristocrats.  The pattern,

weaving, embroidery and dyeing skills were all improved as they were influenced

by the free ideology of the time, while the silk designs had sense of a free and

bold air about them.

souvenirs. The smooth silk product is certainly the best choice. Before buying

them, it is always wise to learn the common sense of the silk product including

the function, identification and maintenance.

Jade Hair Ornament with Flower Design

Jin/Song Dynasty (1115-1234)

Shanghai Museum.

In Chinese art, "jade" (known by the Chinese character "yu") is an

ornamental stone used in a wide variety of jewellery art, figure carving and other

types of sculpture - in statue-form and relief sculpture. Jade carving has been an

important material in goldsmithing since the age of prehistoric art, and still

accounts for most of China's hardstone carving. One important reason why

carved-jade objects were (and are) so highly prized, is because the Chinese

believe that jade represents purity, beauty, longevity, even immortality. In

shades.

Since the time of the Majiabang, Liangzhu and Hongshan cultures

(4700-2900 BCE), most jade carvings have been made from either nephrite or

jadeite, although until the late 18th century Chinese jade objects were almost

always carved out of nephrite. Jadeite has a similar hardness to quartz, while

nephrite is a little softer, but since both varieties are as hard as steel, they cannot

be cut or carved with metal tools. Indeed, the traditional method of carving jade

was to wear it away with carborundum sand and a soft tool: a technique since

replaced by rotary tools with diamond bits. Historically, due to its rarity and

technical difficulties of manufacture, the wearing and use of jade was restricted to

tribal leaders, then Emperors and noblemen, and was most commonly used in

the carving of ritual vessels, ceremonial utensils and other totemic objects,

representing status and power. 

History Of Philippine Art Timeline | Preceden. Retrieved from

https://www.preceden.com/timelines/615669-history-of-philippine-art

The Famous “Banig” in Basey,Samar | Explore Basey,Samar Philippines

(wordpress.com) Retrieved from https://evsukraymarabut.wordpress.com/the-

famous-banig-in-baseysamar/

Traditional Ilocano Handicrafts | Weaving & Pottery - Travel Trilogy. Retrieved

from www.traveltrilogy.com/2014/02/traditional-ilocano-handicrafts-weaving-

pottery.html

History Of Chinese Art | New World Encyclopedia. Retrieved from

https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/History_of_Chinese_art

China Silk: Products, Cloth, Brocade, Crape, Buying Tips (travelchinaguide.com)

Retrieved from https://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/arts/silk.htm

Jade Carving, China: Characteristics, Types, History (visual-arts-cork.com)

Retrieved from www.visual-arts-cork.com/east-asian-art/jade-carving.htm