ENGLISH 4 VIRTUAL COURSE

WEEK GRAMMAR ACTIVITIES TASKS (PAGES)

WEEK 1 GRAMMAR EXPLANATION
UNIT 1 AGREEING AND GRAMMAR EXERCISES GRAMMAR EXERCISE (PAGE 8)
DISAGREEING READINGS READING EXERCISE (PAGE 9-10)
SIMPLE PAST VS LISTENING EXERCISES
PRESENT SIMPLE SPEAKING EXERCISES

WEEK 2 GRAMMAR EXPLANATION

UNIT 2 ING – ED ADJECTIVES GRAMMAR EXERCISES GRAMMAR EXERCISE (Page 15)
READINGS LISTENING (Page 15)
LISTENING EXERCISES
SPEAKING EXERCISES

WEEK 3 GRAMMAR EXPLANATION

UNIT 3 GRAMMAR EXERCISES
PRESENT PERFECT READINGS GRAMMAR EXERCISE (Page 21)
LISTENING EXERCISES SPEAKING EXERCISE (Page 22)
SPEAKING EXERCISES READING EXERCISE (Page 23)

WEEK 4 GRAMMAR EXPLANATION

UNIT 4 GRAMMAR EXERCISES
SUPERLATIVE READINGS GRAMMAR EXERCISE (PAGE 28)
ADJECTIVES LISTENING EXERCISES READING EXERCISE (PAGE 29)
SPEAKING EXERCISES FINAL SPEAKING EXERCISE

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UNIT ONE Simple Present Tense

English Grammar Rules
The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal.
We use the present tense: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkY4mo0VcIQ
1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.
 I take the train to the office.
 The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
 John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.
2. For facts.
 The President of The USA lives in The White House.
 A dog has four legs.
 We come from Switzerland.
3. For habits.
 I get up early every day.
 Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
 They travel to their country house every weekend.
4. For things that are always / generally true.
 It rains a lot in winter.
 The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
 They speak English at work.
5. likes and dislikes
Verb Conjugation & Spelling
We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).
In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.
2
Subject Verb The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we /
speak / learn English at home
they
he / she / it speaks / learns English at home
The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.
 go – goes
 catch – catches
 wash – washes
 kiss – kisses
 fix – fixes
 buzz – buzzes
2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.
 marry – marries
 study – studies
 carry – carries
 worry – worries
NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.
 play – plays
 enjoy – enjoys
 say – says
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Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense

To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To
Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).
 Affirmative: You speak French.
Negative: You don't speak French.
You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when the subject
is I, you, we or they.
 Affirmative: He speaks German.
Negative: He doesn't speak German.
When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a negative
sentence. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third
person) disappears in the negative sentence. We will see the reason why below.
Negative Contractions
Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not
I don't like meat = I do not like meat.
There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken English.
Word Order of Negative Sentences
The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in the Present Tense
using Don't or Doesn't.
Subject don't/doesn't Verb* The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they don't have / buy
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cereal for breakfast
he / she / it doesn't eat / like etc.
* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the
verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For
example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.
Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:
 You don't speak Arabic.
 John doesn't speak Italian.
 We don't have time for a rest.
 It doesn't move.
 They don't want to go to the party.
 She doesn't like fish.
Questions in the Simple Present Tense
To make a question in English we normally use Do or Does. It has no translation in Spanish though it is
essential to show we are making a question. It is normally put at the beginning of the question.
 Affirmative: You speak English.
Question: Do you speak English?
You will see that we add DO at the beginning of the affirmative sentence to make it a question. We
use Do when the subject is I, you, we or they.
 Affirmative: He speaks French.
Question: Does he speak French?
 ENGLISH 4 VIRTUAL COURSE

When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the affirmative sentence a
question. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third
person) disappears in the question. We will see the reason why below.
We DON'T use Do or Does in questions that have the verb To Be or Modal Verbs (can, must, might,
should etc.)

Word Order of Questions with Do and Does

The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English using Do or Does.
Do/Doe
Subject Verb* The Rest of the sentence
s
Do I / you / we / they have /
need a new bike?
Does he / she / it want etc.
*Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the
verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For
example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.
Examples of Questions with Do and Does:
 Do you need a dictionary?
 Does Mary need a dictionary?
 Do we have a meeting now?
 Does it rain a lot in winter?
 Do they want to go to the party?
 Does he like pizza?
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UNIT ONE Simple past Tense

English Grammar Rules
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLA58CSIf3M
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What is the Past Simple Tense?

The simple past tense shows that an action started5 and completed in the past and has no
relevance to the present time at all. It can also be used to describe how someone felt, what their
emotional condition was, at a point in the past. There are no forms of the verb to be’ or to have’
with this tense as there are with others (e.g. walked).
The simple past can be used with adverbs to describe a time already in the past (e.g. I walked to
the market last Saturday) or discussing a specific point in time (e.g. I studied today).
In the section below are several examples illustrating some ways in which the simple present
tense can be used. In the final section are several practice questions that will give some focus
to how you can identify the simple past verb tense looks like when used correctly. It is always
highly recommended to refer to a thesaurus or dictionary when becoming more familiar with not
just a second language but one’s primary language as well.

Simple Past Tense Structure

Simple Past Tense with “TO BE” (was/were) Positive Sentence:

S + was/were + …
Note: Example: They were friends.
I/She/He/It + was
We/You/They + were Negative Sentence:
Was not = Wasn’t S + was not/were not + …
Were not = Weren’t Example: They weren’t friends.
 ENGLISH 4 VIRTUAL COURSE

Question form: Example: Were they friends?

Was/Were + S + …?

SIMPLE PAST TENSE WITH REGULAR VERBS

Regular English verbs form the simple past in –ed; however, there are a few hundred irregular
verbs with different forms.
Past Simple Tense with Irregular Verbs

Positive Sentence: There are a few hundred irregular verbs with

S + verb-ed + … different forms.
Example: She worked yesterday. Positive Sentence:
S + irregular verb + …
Negative Sentence: Example:They went to Spain for their holidays.
S + did not/didn’t + verb (in base form) + …
Example: She didn’t work yesterday. Negative Sentence:
S + did not/didn’t + verb (in base form) + …
Question form: Example:They didn’t go to Spain for their
Did + S + verb (in base form)? holidays?
Example: Did she work yesterday?
Question Form:
Did + S + (verb in base form)?
Example: Did they go to Spain for their
holidays?
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Examples of the Past Simple Tense

1. My teacher taught me about the planets, moon, and stars in the third grade.

2. Our local high school held a car wash to raise money for the band.

1. I felt scared when the power went out during the thunderstorm last night.

2. My boss called me into the office to help with an outage on Sunday night.

3. I really appreciate when you gave me half your lunch yesterday.

4. While I was sleeping, the cat yowled very loudly all night long.

5. My team had a potluck’ last week but forgot to send out the invitations!

6. My mom picked me up after school all week long when I had to stay for an extra practice
session.
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7. Dad took me to the movies and out for pizza for my birthday.

8. I was so proud the day my oldest child graduated from college with honors.

How to Use the Simple Past Tense

The Simple Past Tense Usage

The Simple Past is used:

To express completed action in the past

Example: I saw a ghost last Friday.

To describe a series of completed actions in the past

Example: I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

 To express habits in the past

Example: When I was young, I watched lots of television every day after school.
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 For stative verbs, which are verbs that do not express an action, but a state of mind or being  
E.g. have (own), be, think (believe), know, dislike, need, owe, understand, wish

Example: He had a small  cottage  in the woods.

Time Expressions with Past Simple Tense

 Yesterday

 Ago

 Last month

 Last week

 Last year

 In 2003

 In 2007
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PRESENT SIMPLE EXERCISE

1. (he / drive to work every day)

__________________________________________________________________

2. (I / not / think you're right)

__________________________________________________________________

3. (we / have enough time?)

__________________________________________________________________

4. (I / eat cereal in the morning)

__________________________________________________________________

5. (they / write e-mails every day?)

__________________________________________________________________

6. (you / watch a lot of TV)

__________________________________________________________________
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7. (he / not / read the newspaper)
__________________________________________________________________

8. (she / dance often?)

__________________________________________________________________

9. (where / I / come on Mondays?)

__________________________________________________________________

10. (what / you / do at the weekend?)

__________________________________________________________________

TEST OF PRESENT SIMPLE rains

Form of Affirmative Sentences - Part 1 3. It often   on Sundays.
Choose the correct form.
4. Pete and his sister   the
1. We sometimes   books. family car.

2. Emily   to the disco. 5. I always   to the bus stop.

Form of Affirmative Sentences - Part 2
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Put the verbs into the correct form. Negative Sentences

Make negative sentences.
1. I (to like)   lemonade very
much. 1. My father makes breakfast.  

2. The girls always (to listen)    2. They are eleven.  

to pop music.
3. She writes a letter.  
3. Janet never (to wear)   jeans.
4. I speak Italian.  
4. Mr Smith (to teach)   Spanish 5. Danny phones his father on
and French.
Sundays. 
5. You (to do)   your homework
after school.
Simple present with 'have' and 'be' Questions
Fill in the correct form of the verbs. Make questions.

1. We (to have)   a nice garden. 1. you / to speak / English  

2. She (to be)   six years old. 2. when / he / to go / home  

3. they / to clean / the bathroom
3. Simon (to have)   two rabbits
and five goldfish.
4. where / she / to ride / her bike
4. I (to be)   from Vienna, 9
Austria.
5. Billy / to work / in the supermarket
5. They (to be)   Sandy's
parents.

TASK ONE
ACTIVITY 1: CHOOSE THE RIGHT WORD TO MAKE PRESENT SIMPLE OR PAST SIMPLE SENTENCES
1 There WAS___ 50 people at the party last Friday. had
are
have
were
3 Lucy always VISIT____ her grandparents on
was Fridays.
visit
2 She __HAS one brother and two sisters. Their all
live in Chicago. visits
has
ENGLISH 4 VIRTUAL COURSE

visited doesn't have

4 Last year my friend Susan __WRITEN__ an essay in didn't have

English.
wrotes didn't has

wrote 8 My brother usually _ COOK___ at weekends.

cooked
writes
cook
5 Shakespeare _WRITES___ many interesting plays.
writes cooks

wrote 9 I never PLAYS____ football on Sundays. I prefer

watching TV.
wrotes play

6 I ___PLAY_ volleyball yesterday. played

plays
plays
play
10 The Internet DIDN’T EXIST____ fifty years ago.
played didn't exists

7 She _DOES NOT HAVE___ breakfast yesterday didn't exist

morning.
10 doesn't exist

EXERCISE 1: CHOOSE THE RIGHT WORD TO MAKE PRESENT SIMPLE OR PAST SIMPLE SENTENCES
1 Last summer we _WENT___ on holiday to Paris. fly
went

go 6 She _RAN__ 10 km every morning.

runs
2 There __AREN’T__ many people working
nowadays. ran
aren't
7 She usually __GOES__ to London on holiday.
weren't goes

3 She __WAS BORN__ in 1978. went

is born
8 Last year she _MAKES___ my birhday cake.
was born made

4 He _LIKED___ sports when he was a child. makes

liked
9 Yes, we _BOUGHT___ the tickets for the New
likes Year's Concert.
buy
5 We _FLEW___ to Dublin last night.
flew bought
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10 Her parents _MET___ at the university. meet

met

LISTENING: LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

3L1-youve-changed.mp3

1. Where did Peter and Anna last see each other?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Where did Anna meet her husband?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. How has Peter's beard changed?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. How has Peter's hairstyle changed?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. What color is Anna's new car?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
6. What color were Peter's glasses?
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Why did Anna sell her old car?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

READING
Read the paragraph and answer the questions.

Last summer, we decided to spend our vacation at the beach because the weather was very hot in the mountains.
The travel agent said that traveling by bus was the cheapest way, but we went by plane because it was faster. We
wanted to have more time to spend at the beach. The weather was beautiful and we had a great time.

5. We decided to go to the beach because ----.

A. it was cheaper than going to the mountains

B. the travel agent said that it was the cheapest
C. of the hot weather in the mountains
D. we wanted to spend time at the beach

6. The bus was the ---- way to travel.

A.best
B. easiest
C. cheapest
D. slowest
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7. Traveling by plane was ---- than by bus.

A.more fun
B. cheaper
C. expensive
D.faster

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UNIT 2 ED-ING ADJECTIVES

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4J9vt7dbdvs
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There are many adjectives that we have in English that end in -ED or -ING. 
Yes, that's correct, they are not only endings that we use for verbs!

An adjective that ends in -ING is used to describe: the characteristic of a person, a thing or a situation.

An adjective that ends in -ED is used to describe: a feeling (or how a person feels) or an emotion. It is
used to describe a temporary thing. Since only people (and some animals) have feelings, -ed adjectives
cannot be used to describe an object or situation.

Compare the difference:

 My girlfriend is bored. - (My girlfriend feels bored)

 My girlfriend is boring. - (My girlfriend is a boring person)

You can use these adjectives to describe people or situations but be careful that you are using the
correct adjective. For example, there is a big difference in meaning between:

 I am confused. - (I don't understand something)

 I am confusing. - (I will cause you to be confused)

Note that the sentences below are to highlight the difference between the two types of adjectives. They
are NOT common to do or say because they sound repetitive.

 I was shocked by how shocking the accident was last night.

 They were frightened by the frightening roller-coaster ride!

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I am annoyed by how annoying that person in front of us is.
 Sally was confused by the confusing street signs in the city.

Example sentences of adjectives ending in -ED and -ING

 This grammar lesson is boring. I am bored reading all about these grammar rules.
 I am tired right now. My flight was tiring (because it was a twelve-hour flight).
 Public toilets are usually disgusting. I am disgusted by the smell in some of them.
 Your speech was very inspiring. I am now inspired to do wonderful things with my life.

ACTIVITY 1 -ED and –ING Adjectives Exercise 1 Choose the correct adjective:

1. My nephew was (amusing / amused) by the clown.

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2. It’s so (frustrating / frustrated)! No matter how much I study I can’t seem to remember this
vocabulary.
3. This lesson is so (boring / bored)!
4. I’m feeling (depressed / depressing), so I’m going to go home, eat some chocolate, and go to bed early
with a good book.
5. I thought her new idea was absolutely (fascinated / fascinating).
6. This maths problem is so (confusing / confused). Can you help me?
7. The teacher was really (amusing / amused) so the lesson passed quickly.
8. The journey was (exhausting / exhausted)! Twelve hours by bus.
9. The plane began to move in a rather (alarming / alarmed) way.
10. He was (frightening / frightened) when he saw the spider.
11. I was really (embarrassing / embarrassed) when I fell over in the street.
12. That film was so (depressing / depressed)! There was no happy ending for any of the characters.
13. I’m sorry, I can’t come tonight. I’m completely (exhausting / exhausted).
14. We are going in a helicopter? How (exciting / excited)!
15. Don’t show my baby photos to people, Mum! It’s so (embarrassing / embarrassed)!
16. It’s okay, it’s only me. Don’t be (alarming / alarmed).
17. My sister is so (exciting / excited) because she is14
going on holiday tomorrow.
18. I hate long flights, I’m always really (boring / bored).
19. She looked very (confusing / confused) when I told her we had to change the plan.
20. John was (fascinated / fascinating) by Mandarin when he first started learning languages. He decided
to study more and now he can speak it fluently.

1. This wet weather is so ......

depressed 2. I will be very ..... if she does well in her test.
depressing surprised
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surprising depressing

3. My new job is extremely ...... 14. It was not ..... she failed her tests. She never
tired studied.
tiring surprised
surprising
4. I come home extremely ..... at the end of
each day. 15. I'm getting ..... with this book. Nothing ever
tired happens.
tiring bored
boring
5. He's such a ..... person. He never wants to go
out. 16. These instructions are extremely ...... Can
bored you help me?
boring confused
confusing
6. I'm ...... I have no idea what to do.
confused 17. I'm ..... that he could do something so stupid
confusing and dangerous.
shocked
7. Did you hear the ..... news about the shocking
accident?
shocked 18. I don't find sport at all ......
shocking interested
15 interesting
8. I'm not very ..... in sport.
interested 19. I was not ..... to be kept waiting so long.
interesting amused
amusing
9 I didn't find his joke very ......
amused 20. Our new science teacher is very ...... We sit
amusing there like mice!
frightened
10. I am ..... of spiders. frightening
frightened
frightening 21. It was very ..... not to be selected for the
basketball team.
11. I am ..... with my grade in the grammar test. disappointed
disappointed disappointing
disappointing
22. I am ..... about the tennis tournament
12. The film is very ...... tomorrow.
excited excited
exciting exciting

13. I am ..... about my test grades. They are all 23. The news was quite ......
quite bad. puzzled
depressed puzzling
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puzzled
24. His behaviour has been very ..... in recent puzzling
weeks.

Exercise 1

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences below.

1I love skydiving. It's an   feeling.

2The robber was carrying a gun and wearing the mask of a clown. He

was  .

3She was very   with him for not telling her the truth.

4The students are very   about the exam results.

5My teacher is very  . He speaks so slowly that we just want to sleep.

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6This year, all the presents that I got for Christmas were very  .

7He's a very   man. He's travelled all around the world.

8I was so   to see her. She wasn't supposed to be there.

9Teenagers get very   when they have to speak in public.

10In the photo you can see the   image of what seems to be a ghost.

TASK TWO
A Fill the gaps with the adjectives in brackets.
1 He's such a monotonous speaker. I was so ................................. . (bored / boring)
2 Most sequels are ................................. . (disappointed / disappointing)
3 I had such a ................................. day I went straight to bed. (tired / tiring)
4 Everyone's very ................................. about the news. (excited / exciting)
5 That lamp produces a very ................................. effect. (pleased / pleasing)
6 The whole school was ................................. by the tragic event. (saddened / saddening)
7 I don't like watching ................................. films on my own. (depressed / depressing)
8 I was ................................. when she told me she'd got divorced. (amazed / amazing)
9 He's such a ................................. guy. He only ever talks about himself. (bored / boring)
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10 I'm very ................................. in films and theatre. (interested / interesting)

11 No one knew what would happen next. We were all .................................. . (intrigued / intriguing)
12 It was a very ................................. situation. (interested / interesting)
13 There's been some very ................................. news. (surprised / surprising)
14 His mother was ................................. by what she found under his bed. (disgusted / disgusting)
15 Their hamburgers are .................................. (disgusted / disgusting)
16 Dad always arrives home from work completely .................................. . (exhausted / exhausting)
17 He's always showing off. It's really .................................. . (annoyed / annoying)
18 I think Alex is one of the most ................................. people I've ever met. He can't keep still for a
second. (annoyed / annoying)
19 I walked into this restaurant and there was Andy with a strange woman. He seemed
really .................................. . (embarrassed / embarrassing)
20 She kept talking about her boyfriend problems all night. It was rather .................................. .
(embarrassed / embarrassing)

B Now make up some examples of your own.

1................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
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DO THE FOLLOWING LISTENING EXERCISE: https://www.esl-lab.com/intermediate/parenting/

UNIT 3 PRESENT PERFECT

Definition of the present perfect tense: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5vJOJrVIgek
The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time of the action
is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the result than in the action itself.
BE CAREFUL! There may be a verb tense in your language with a similar form, but the meaning is
probably NOT the same.
The Present Perfect is used to describe
 An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I  have lived  in
Bristol since 1984  (= and I still do.)
 An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. She  has been  to the cinema
twice this week  (= and the week isn't over yet.)
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 A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. We  have visited
Portugal several times.
 An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just'. I  have just
finished  my work.
 An action when the time is not important. He  has read  'War and Peace'.  (= the result of his
reading is important)
Note: When we want to give or ask details about when, where, who, we use the simple past.
Actions started in the past and continuing in the present
 They haven't lived here for years.
 She has worked in the bank for five years.
 We have had the same car for ten years.
 Have you played the piano since you were a child?
When the time period referred to has not finished
 I have worked hard  this week.
 It has rained a lot this year.
 We haven't seen her today.
Actions repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now.
 They have seen that film six times
 It has happened several times already.
 She has visited them frequently.
 We have eaten at that restaurant many times.
Actions completed in the very recent past (+just)
 Have you just finished work?
 I have just eaten.
 We have just seen her.
18
 Has he just left?
When the precise time of the action is not important or not known
 Someone  has eaten  my soup!
 Have you seen  'Gone with the Wind'?
 She's studied  Japanese, Russian, and English.
Read more about using the present perfect with the words "ever", "never", "already", and "yet", and
about using the present perfect with the words "for" and "since".
Forming the Present Perfect
The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements : the appropriate form of the auxiliary
verb to have  (present tense), plus the past participle of the main verb. The past participle of a regular
verb is base+ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked. For irregular verbs, see the Table of irregular verbs in the
section called 'Verbs'.

Affirmative

Subject to have past participle

She has visited.

Negative
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Subject to have + not past participle

She has not (hasn't) visited.

Interrogative

to have subject past participle

Has she visited?

Negative interrogative

to have  + subject past participle

not

Hasn't she visited?

To Walk, present perfect

Affirmative Negative 19 Interrogative

I have walked I haven't walked Have I walked?

You have walked You haven't walked. Have you walked?

He, she, it has walked He, she, hasn't walked Has he, she, it walked?

We have walked We haven't walked Have we walked?

You have walked You haven't walked Have you walked?

They have walked They haven't walked Have they walked?

GRAMMAR EXPLANATION: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ATj9Do_RL8

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20

ACTIVITY 1.
Make the present perfect - choose positive, negative or question:
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1. (I / go / to the library today)

_______________________________________________________________
2. (you / keep a pet for three years)
_______________________________________________________________
3. (you / eat Thai food before?)
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4. (it / rain all day?)
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5. (who / we / forget to invite?)
_______________________________________________________________
6. (we / not / hear that song already)
_______________________________________________________________
7. (he / not / forget his books)
_______________________________________________________________
8. (she / steal all the chocolate!)
_______________________________________________________________
9. (I / explain it well?)
_______________________________________________________________
10. (who / he / meet recently?)
_______________________________________________________________

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WRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES IN THE PRESENT PERFECT

1. They   London this month. (leave)

2. He   a lot of English papers. (bring)

3. She   me about it. (tell)

4. I   a long letter from father this week. (get)

5. She (just)  ; she will speak to you in a minute. (come)

6. I   to Radio City. (be)

7. I think the director   the town. (leave)

8. I   my office. (paint)

9. We   her since she arrived to our city. (know)

10. I   your name. (forget)

11. He   the door. (close)

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12. He   it since we left him. (do)

13. I   him my last penny. (give)

14. This order   to many misunderstandings. (lead)

15. He   his name on my book. (write)

16. She   a new umbrella. (buy)

17. He   my exercise over and over. (look)

18. I   those books very cheaply. (buy)

19. He   for two months. (work)

20. She   a new job. (find)

21. He   very well. (speak)

22. The children   the whole pudding. (eat)

23. You   many detective stories. (read)

24. Our team   the first prize. (win)

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25. My little daughter   her finger with a knife. (cut)
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TASK THREE
Present Perfect Test. Write the participle form of the following verbs.

1. go → 

2. sing → 

3. be → 

4. buy → 

5. do → 
Write sentences in present perfect simple.

1. they / ask / a question - 

2. he / speak / English - 

3. I / be / in my room - 

4. we / not / wash / the car - 

5. Annie / not / forget / her homework -  23

Write questions in present perfect simple.

1. they / finish / their homework - 

2.

3. Sue / kiss / Ben - 

4. the waiter / bring / the tea - 

5. Marilyn / pay / the bill - 

6. you / ever / write / a poem - 

SPEAKING EXERCISE.
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 What are some of the things you have already accomplished at this
time in your live? (10 SENTENCES)
WRITE THE EXERCISE AND RECORD YOUR VOICE SO IT CAN BE CHECKED
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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UNIT 4 Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

To make the comparative form of adjectives (like 'big-ger' or 'more expensive') and the superlative
form (like 'biggest' or 'most expensive'), first we need to know how many syllables are in the
adjective.

Adjectives with one syllable

Usually if an adjective has only one syllable, we add 'er' to make the comparative form. We add 'est'
to make the superlative form.

clean → cleaner THAN / THE cleanest

cold → colder / coldest
small → smaller / smallest
young → younger / youngest
tall → taller / tallest

There are some spelling changes. If there is one vowel followed by one consonant at the end of the
adjective, we often double the consonant.
wet → wetter THAN / THE wettest
big → bigger / biggest
hot → hotter / hottest
thin → thinner / thinnest
If the adjective ends in 'y', this often changes to 'i'. 25
dry → drier / THE driest
If the adjective ends in 'e', we don't add another 'e', just 'r'.
nice → nicer / nicest
large → larger / largest

There are a few adjectives that we have to use 'more' or 'most' with, even though they only have one
syllable. We CAN'T add 'er' or 'est'.
fun → more fun / THE most fun (NOT funner / funnest)
real → more real / THE most real (NOT realer / realest)
right → more right / most right (NOT righter / rightest)
wrong → more wrong / most wrong (NOT wronger / wrongest)

But some two syllable adjectives can take 'er' or 'est'. It's also fine to use 'more' (for the comparative)
or 'most' (for the superlative).
clever → cleverer / THE cleverest
simple → simpler / THE simplest
narrow → narrower / narrowest
quiet → quieter / quietest
Adjectives with two syllables that end in 'y' usually can add 'er' or 'est' (y generally changes to i). It's
also fine to use 'more' or 'most'.
dirty → dirtier THAN / THE dirtiest
pretty → prettier / prettiest
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happy → happier / happiest

ugly → uglier / ugliest
Adjectives with MORE THAN two syllables

For adjectives with two syllables or more, we generally use 'more' or 'most'.
careful → more careful / most careful
bored → more bored / most bored

Adjectives with more than two syllables

Adjectives with more than two syllables can only make their comparative by using 'more' and their
superlative by using 'most'.
beautiful → more beautiful THAN / THE most beautiful
intelligent → more intelligent / THE most intelligent
interesting → more interesting / THE most interesting
expensive → more expensive /THE most expensive

Irregular adjectives
There are also some irregular adjectives. We just need to learn these forms.
good → better THAN → THE best
bad → worse THAN →THE worst
far → further THAN → THE furthest
little → less → least
much → more → most
LIST OF COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES 26
https://www.englishentry.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/List-of-comparative-and-superlatives-.pdf

EXTRA GRAMMAR TIP

Regular forms
Adjectives Adjective Comparative Superlative
1. Of one syllable, add-(e)r/-(e)st to small smaller (than) the smallest (of/in)
form their comparative &
hot hotter (than) the hottest (of/in)
superlative forms.
safe safer (than) the safest (of/in)

2. Of two syllables ending in friendly friendlier (than) the friendliest (of/in)

-ly, -y, -w, also add -er/-est. busy busier (than) the busiest (of/in)

shallow shallower (than) the shallowest (of/in)

3. Of two or more syllables, serious more serious (than) the most serious (of/in)

take more/most. amazing more amazing (than) the most amazing (of/in)
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ACTIVITIY ONE
COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES (MULTIPLE CHOICE)
Choose the correct answer.
1.- Santander is ____________ Sevilla. a.- wetter than b.- more wet than c.- the wettest
2.- Juan is _____________ Mary. a.- more happy than b.- happier than c.- happyier than
3.- The sun is _____________ the moon. a.- hoter than b.- more hot than c.- hotter than
4.- I’m ______________ in this class. a.- the shortest b.- the shorter c.- the shorttest
5.- He went to bed _____________ she did. a.- early than b.- earlier than c.- more early than
6.- Luisa´s work is _______________ mine. a.- gooder than b.- better than c.- the best
7.- Dogs are ____________ cats. a.- the friendliest b.- more friendly than c.- friendlier than
8.- My English homework was _____________ yours. a.- worst than b.- worse than c.- badder than
9.- I can swim _____________ my brother. a.- more fast than b.- the fastest c.- faster than
10.- Please give me ______________ box. a.- the smallests b.- the smaller c.- the smallest
11.- This is the most comfortable room ___________ the house. a.- at b.- in c.- of
12.- _______________ tourist destination in the world is Paris. a.- the more popular b.- the most
popular c.- the popular
13.- I think English is ________________ Latin. a.- more interesting than b.- the most interesting c.-
interestinger than
14.- ______________ thing in my wardrobe is my jacket. a.- the more expensive b.- the most expensive
c.- more expensive than
15.- Your eyes are _____________ my eyes. a.- more blue than b.- bluer than c.- bluest than
16.- Mount Everest is the highest mountain ____________ the world. a.- of b.- at c.- in
17.- ________________ football team in Europe is Real Madrid. a.- the more successful b.- the most
successful c.-more successful than 27
18.- The North is _______________ the South. a.- the richest b.- richer than c.- richer that
19.- Mr Isla is _____________ youngest teacher in the school. a.- than b.- more c.- the
20.- Don’t read that book. It’s _____________ interesting book I’ve ever read. a.- more b.- the least c.-
less
21.- Peter has more free time than I do. He is _______________ me. a.- busier than b.- as busy as c.- not
as busy as
22.-The big chair is the cheapest chair in the shop. It is _________ expensive chair. a.- the most b.- the
less c.- the least
23.- Juan and Patricia are not the same height. Juan is _____________ Patricia. a.- not as tall b.- not tall
c.- not as tall as
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EXERCISE 2
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH A COMPARATIVE OR SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVE

This garden is   than that one (beautiful).

Argentina is   than Colombia, but Brazil is   country in South America (big).

Today is   day of the year (good).

Mercury is   planet in the Solar System (hot).

I am   than my sister, but dad is   person in our family (tall).

Snakes and lizards are   than foxes (slow).

I think my English is getting   (good) but my Spanish is getting   (bad).

My mum's car isn't very fast. She wants a   one.

Madrid is   city in Spain (large).

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Sharks are   animals in the sea (dangerous).
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TASK FOUR
Comparative - superlative

Sally is (old)   than Ellen.

Tom is the (old)   .

Sally is (fat)   than Ellen.

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Tom is the (fat)   .

Sally is (happy)   than Tom.

Ellen is the (happy)   .

Tom is (good)   than Sally.

Ellen is the (good)   .

Ellen is (intelligent)   than Tom.

Sally is the (intelligent)   .

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About the Earth

Write the superlative form of the adjective in brackets to fill the gaps.

6 items remaining
1. The Nile is the ______________river in the world. (long)
2. Mauna Loa is the ________________ volcano in the world. (large)
3. Commonwealth Bay is the ______________place in the world. (windy)
4. The Atacama Desert is the ________________place in the world. (dry)
5. The ____________________ recorded temperature is 57.8 °C. (hot)
6. The _________________ place on Earth has 13.3 m of rain every year. (wet)