4024 - Y07 - Sy Syllabus o Level 4240
4024 - Y07 - Sy Syllabus o Level 4240
4024 - Y07 - Sy Syllabus o Level 4240
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MATHEMATICS (SYLLABUS D) 4024/4029
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GCE O Level
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2007
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IMPORTANT NOTICE
University of Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) in the UK and USA
University of Cambridge International Examinations accepts entries in the UK and USA only from
students registered on courses at CIE registered Centres.
UK and USA private candidates are not eligible to enter CIE examinations unless they are
repatriating from outside the UK/USA and are part way through a course leading to a CIE
examination. In that case a letter of support from the Principal of the school which they had
attended is required. Other UK and USA private candidates should not embark on courses leading
to a CIE examination.
This regulation applies only to entry by private candidates in the UK and USA. Entry by private
candidates through Centres in other countries is not affected.
Further details are available from Customer Services at University of Cambridge International
Examinations.
Exclusions
Syllabus 4024 must not be offered in the same session with any of the following syllabuses:
0580 Mathematics
0581 Mathematics (with Coursework)
4021 Mathematics A (Mauritius)
4026 Mathematics E (Brunei)
4029 Mathematics (Syllabus D) (Mauritius)
Syllabus 4029 must not be offered in the same session with any of the following syllabuses:
0580 Mathematics
0581 Mathematics (with Coursework)
4021 Mathematics A (Mauritius)
4024 Mathematics (Syllabus D)
You can find syllabuses and information about CIE teacher training events on the CIE
Website (www.cie.org.uk).
CONTENTS
Page
Notes 1
Mathematical Notation 11
Booklist 15
1. At all centres the use of electronic calculators or mathematical tables is prohibited in Ordinary
Level and S.C. Mathematics Syllabus D Paper 1 (4024/1), (4029/1 for centres in Mauritius in
November).
2. At all centres the use of silent electronic calculators is expected in S.C./O level Mathematics
Syllabus D Paper 2 (4024/2) (4029/2 for Centres in Mauritius in November). If calculators are
not available to candidates, the Cambridge Elementary Mathematical Tables (Second Edition)
may be used in SC/O level Mathematics Syllabus D Paper 2 (Papers 4024/2, 4029/2). Copies
of these tables may be obtained from the Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building,
Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge and through booksellers. No mathematical tables other than
these are permitted in the examination.
3. The General Regulations concerning the use of electronic calculators are contained in the
Handbook for Centres.
Mathematical Instruments
Apart from the usual mathematical instruments, candidates may use flexicurves in this
examination.
Mathematical Notation
Attention is drawn to the list of mathematical notation at the end of this booklet.
Copies of syllabuses, past papers and Examiners’ Reports are available on CD ROM and
can be ordered using the Publications Catalogue, which is available at www.cie.org.uk
under ‘Qualifications & Diplomas’ – ‘Order Publications’.
1
2
MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS D 4024 O LEVEL 2007
Introduction
The syllabus demands understanding of basic mathematical concepts and their applications,
together with an ability to show this by clear expression and careful reasoning.
Learning Aims
2. acquire and apply skills and knowledge relating to number, measure and space in
mathematical situations that they will meet in life;
4. appreciate the pattern, structure and power of Mathematics and derive satisfaction,
enjoyment and confidence from the understanding of concepts and the mastery of skills.
Assessment Objectives
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MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS D 4024 O LEVEL 2007
Units
SI units will be used in questions involving mass and measures: the use of the centimetre will
continue.
Both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock may be used for quoting times of the day. In the
24-hour clock, for example, 3.15 a.m. will be denoted by 03 15; 3.15 p.m. by 15 15, noon by
12 00 and midnight by 24 00.
Candidates will be expected to be familiar with the solidus notation for the expression of
compound units, e.g. 5 cm/s for 5 centimetres per second, 13.6 g/cm3 for 13.6 grams per cubic
centimetre.
Scheme of Papers
Paper 1 will consist of about 25 short answer questions. Neither mathematical tables nor slide
rules nor calculators will be allowed in this paper. All working must be shown in the spaces
provided on the question paper. Omission of essential working will result in loss of marks.
Paper 2 will consist of two sections: Section A (52 marks) will contain about six questions with no
choice. Section B (48 marks) will contain five questions of which candidates will be required to
answer four. Omission of essential working will result in loss of marks.
Candidates are expected to cover the whole syllabus. Each paper may contain questions on any
part of the syllabus and questions will not necessarily be restricted to a single topic.
Calculating Aids
PAPER 1
PAPER 2
(a) It is assumed that all candidates will have an electronic calculator. A scientific calculator with
trigonometric functions is strongly recommended. However, the Cambridge Elementary
Mathematical Tables may continue to be used to supplement the use of the calculator, for
example for trigonometric functions and square roots.
(c) Unless stated otherwise within an individual question, three figure accuracy will be required.
This means that four figure accuracy should be shown throughout the working, including
cases where answers are used in subsequent parts of the question. Premature
approximation will be penalised, where appropriate.
(d) In Paper 4024/2, candidates with suitable calculators are encouraged to use the value of π
from their calculators. The value of π will be given as 3.142 to 3 decimal places for use by
other candidates. This value will be given on the front page of the question paper only.
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MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS D 4024 O LEVEL 2007
Detailed Syllabus
2. Set language and notation −use set language and set notation, and Venn
diagrams, to describe sets and represent
relationships between sets as follows:
Notation:
Union of A and B A ∪ B
Intersection of A and B A ∩ B
Number of elements in set A n(A)
". . . is an element of . . ." ∈
". . . is not an element of . . ." ∉
Complement of set A A'
The empty set Ø
Universal set
A is a subset of B A⊆ B
A is a proper subset of B A⊂ B
A is not a subset of B A⊄ B
A is not a proper subset of B A⊄B
4. Squares, square roots, cubes and cube roots −calculate squares, square roots, cubes and cube
roots of numbers.
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MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS D 4024 O LEVEL 2007
6. Vulgar and decimal fractions and −use the language and notation of simple vulgar
percentages and decimal fractions and percentages in
appropriate contexts; recognise equivalence and
convert between these forms.
9. The four operations −use the four operations for calculations with whole
numbers, decimal fractions and vulgar (and mixed)
fractions, including correct ordering of operations
and use of brackets.
11. Limits of accuracy −give appropriate upper and lower bounds for data
given to a specified accuracy (e.g. measured
lengths);
−obtain appropriate upper and lower bounds to
solutions of simple problems (e.g. the calculation of
the perimeter or the area of a rectangle) given data
to a specified accuracy.
14. Use of an electronic calculator or logarithm −use an electronic calculator or logarithm tables
tables efficiently; apply appropriate checks of accuracy.
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MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS D 4024 O LEVEL 2007
18. Personal and household finance −use given data to solve problems on personal and
household finance involving earnings, simple
interest, discount, profit and loss; extract data from
tables and charts.
20. Graphs of functions −construct tables of values and draw graphs for
functions of the form y = axn where n = −2, −1, 0, 1,
2, 3, and simple sums of not more than three of
these and for functions of the form y = kax where a
is a positive integer; interpret graphs of linear,
quadratic, reciprocal and exponential functions; find
the gradient of a straight line graph; solve equations
approximately by graphical methods; estimate
gradients of curves by drawing tangents.
21. Straight line graphs −calculate the gradient of a straight line from the
coordinates of two points on it; interpret and obtain
the equation of a straight line graph in the form
y = mx + c; calculate the length and the coordinates
of the midpoint of a line segment from the
coordinates of its end points.
22. Algebraic representation and formulae −use letters to express generalised numbers and
express basic arithmetic processes algebraically,
substitute numbers for words and letters in
formulae; transform simple and more complicated
formulae; construct equations from given situations.
25. Solutions of equations and inequalities −solve simple linear equations in one unknown;
solve fractional equations with numerical and linear
algebraic denominators; solve simultaneous linear
equations in two unknowns; solve quadratic
equations by factorisation and either by use of the
formula or by completing the square; solve simple
linear inequalities.
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MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS D 4024 O LEVEL 2007
26. Graphical representation of inequalities −represent linear inequalities in one or two variables
graphically. (Linear Programming problems are not
included.)
27. Geometrical terms and relationships −use and interpret the geometrical terms: point, line,
plane, parallel, perpendicular, right angle, acute,
obtuse and reflex angles, interior and exterior angles,
regular and irregular polygons, pentagons, hexagons,
octagons, decagons;
−use and interpret vocabulary of triangles, circles,
special quadrilaterals;
−solve problems and give simple explanations
involving similarity and congruence;
−use and interpret vocabulary of simple solid figures:
cube, cuboid, prism, cylinder, pyramid, cone, sphere;
−use the relationships between areas of similar
triangles, with corresponding results for similar
figures, and extension to volumes of similar solids.
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MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS D 4024 O LEVEL 2007
32. Locus −use the following loci and the method of intersecting
loci:
(a) sets of points in two or three dimensions
(i) which are at a given distance from a given
point,
(ii) which are at a given distance from a given
straight line,
(iii) which are equidistant from two given points;
(b) sets of points in two dimensions which are
equidistant from two given intersecting straight
lines.
34. Trigonometry −apply Pythagoras Theorem and the sine, cosine and
tangent ratios for acute angles to the calculation of a
side or of an angle of a right-angled triangle (angles
will be quoted in, and answers required in, degrees
and decimals of a degree to one decimal place);
−solve trigonometrical problems in two dimensions
including those involving angles of elevation and
depression and bearings;
−extend sine and cosine functions to angles between
90° and 180°; solve problems using the sine and
cosine rules for any triangle and the formula
1
ab sin C for the area of a triangle;
2
−solve simple trigonometrical problems in three
dimensions. (Calculations of the angle between two
planes or of the angle between a straight line and
plane will not be required.)
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MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS D 4024 O LEVEL 2007
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MATHEMATICAL NOTATION 2007
MATHEMATICAL NOTATION
The list which follows summarises the notation used in the CIE’s Mathematics examinations.
Although primarily directed towards Advanced/HSC (Principal) level, the list also applies, where
relevant, to examinations at O level/ S.C.
Mathematical Notation
1. Set Notation
∈ is an element of
∉ is not an element of
{x1, x2,…} the set with elements x1, x2,…
{x: …} the set of all x such that…
n (A) the number of elements in set A
∅ the empty set
universal set
A´ the complement of the set A
the set of positive integers, {1, 2, 3, …}
the set of integers {0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3, …}
+ the set of positive integers {1, 2, 3, …}
n the set of integers modulo n, {0, 1, 2, …, n – 1}
the set of rational numbers
+ the set of positive rational numbers, {x ∈ : x > 0}
+
the set of positive rational numbers and zero, {x ∈ : x [ 0}
0
union
intersection
[a, b] the closed interval {x ∈ : a Y x Y b}
[a, b) the interval {x ∈ : a Y x < b}
(a, b] the interval {x ∈ : a < x Y b}
(a, b) the open interval {x ∈ : a < x < b}
yRx y is related to x by the relation R
y~x y is equivalent to x, in the context of some equivalence relation
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MATHEMATICAL NOTATION 2007
2. Miscellaneous Symbols
= is equal to
≠ is not equal to
≡ is identical to or is congruent to
≈ is approximately equal to
≅ is isomorphic to
∝ is proportional to
<; is less than, is much less than
Y, is less than or equal to, is not greater than
>;
is greater than, is much greater than
[, is greater than or equal to, is not less than
∞ infinity
3. Operations
a+b a plus b
a–b a minus b
a x b, ab, a.b a multiplied by b
a
a ÷ b, , a/b a divided by b
b
a:b the ratio of a to b
n
∑ ai a1 + a2 + . . . + an
i =l
√a the positive square root of the real number a
│a│ the modulus of the real number a
n! n factorial for n ∈ (0! = 1)
n n!
the binomial coefficient , for n, r ∈ , 0 Y r Y n
r r! ( n − r )!
n(n − 1)...( n − r + 1)
, for n ∈ , r ∈
r!
4. Functions
f function f
f (x) the value of the function f at x
f:A→B f is a function under which each element of set A has an image in set B
f:xay the function f maps the element x to the element y
f –1 the inverse of the function f
g o f, gf the composite function of f and g which is defined by
(g o f)(x) or gf (x) = g(f(x))
lim f (x) the limit of f(x) as x tends to a
x→ a
∆x; δ x an increment of x
dy
the derivative of y with respect to x
dx
dn y
the nth derivative of y with respect to x
dx n
f ´(x), f ´´(x), …, f(n)(x) the first, second, …, nth derivatives of f(x) with respect to x
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MATHEMATICAL NOTATION 2007
∂y
the partial derivative of y with respect to x
∂x
x&, &x&,... the first, second, . . . derivatives of x with respect to time
7. Complex Numbers
i square root of –1
z a complex number, z = x + iy
= r (cos θ + i sin θ ), r ∈ » +0
+
= re iθ , r ∈ »
0
8. Matrices
M a matrix M
M−1 the inverse of the square matrix M
MT the transpose of the matrix M
det M the determinant of the square matrix M
9. Vectors
a the vector a
AB the vector represented in magnitude and direction by the directed line
segment AB
â a unit vector in the direction of the vector a
i, j, k unit vectors in the directions of the cartesian coordinate axes
|a| the magnitude of a
| AB | the magnitude of AB
a.b the scalar product of a and b
axb the vector product of a and b
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MATHEMATICAL NOTATION 2007
A, B, C etc. events
A∪ B union of events A and B
A∩ B intersection of the events A and B
P(A) probability of the event A
A´ complement of the event A, the event ‘not A’
P(A|B) probability of the event A given the event B
X, Y, R, etc. random variables
x, y, r, etc. values of the random variables X, Y, R, etc.
x1, x2, … observations
f1, f2, … frequencies with which the observations x1, x 2, … occur
p(x) the value of the probability function P(X = x) of the discrete random
variable X
p1, p2, … probabilities of the values x1, x2, … of the discrete random variable X
f(x), g(x), … the value of the probability density function of the continuous random
variable X
F(x), G(x), … the value of the (cumulative) distribution function P(X Y x) of the
random variable X
E(X) expectation of the random variable X
E[g(X)] expectation of g(X)
Var(X) variance of the random variable X
G(t) the value of the probability generating function for a random variable
which takes integer values
B(n, p) binomial distribution, parameters n and p
N( µ, σ 2 ) normal distribution, mean µ and variance σ 2
µ population mean
σ2 population variance
σ population standard deviation
x sample mean
s2 unbiased estimate of population variance from a sample,
1 2
s2 =
n −1 ∑ (x − x )
φ probability density function of the standardised normal variable with
distribution N (0, 1)
Φ corresponding cumulative distribution function
ρ linear product-moment correlation coefficient for a population
r linear product-moment correlation coefficient for a sample
Cov(X, Y) covariance of X and Y
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BOOKLIST 2007
BOOKLIST
These titles represent some of the texts available in the UK at the time of printing this booklet.
Teachers are encouraged to choose texts for class use which they feel will be of interest to
their students and will support their own teaching style. ISBN numbers are provided wherever
possible.
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BOOKLIST 2007
National Mathematics Project (NMP) Mathematics for Secondary Schools Red Track Books
1 to 5 (Longman Singapore Publishers Pte Ltd)
Book 1 0 582 206960
Book 2 0 582 206987/206995
Book 3 0 582 20727 4
Book 4 0 582 20725 8
Book 5 0 582 20726 6
Smith, Ewart Examples in Mathematics for GCSE Higher Tier (Second edition)
(Stanley Thornes) 7487 27647
Smith, Mike and Ian Jones Challenging Maths for GCSE and Standard Grade (Heinemann)
SSMG/Heinemann Team Heinemann Mathematics 14-16 Upper Course (Heinemann)
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