Speaking Mathematically

Students must developed the skills of mathematical way of thinking. Understanding the
language of mathematics will help them overcome the challenge of learning
mathematics. A good foundation of mathematical thought will enable them to express
mathematical ideas clearly , precisely and unambiguously .To be able to successfully
obtain abilities, student must grasp the skill in understanding mathematical language.

Mathematical way of speaking is temporal , it is devoid with emotional content and is

precise. Mathematical language is characterized by ; abstraction symbols and rules ,
non-linearity and complexity of language , arrangement , coding and decoding
information. It is a system used to express , communicate and convey mathematical
information.

To express mathematical language it uses unique symbols form abstract ideas, symbols
for operations and variables as representation without ambiguity.
Start Learning by reading the first lesson.
Lesson 1. Mathematical Statement and Phrases.
Required Readings : Numerical Properties and other non-numerical properties.
As a language form,
Mathematical sentence expresses a complete Mathematical thought without
ambiguity.
Mathematical Statement is a declarative mathematical sentence.
Mathematical Phrase is a form of expression and is not a sentence.
Important Kinds of Mathematical Statement
A Universal Statement expresses an idea that is true for all the elements in a set
describe .
Example:
All negative numbers are less than zero.
Commonly used the word, For all , For every , For each
symbol.
A Conditional Statement expresses a conditional idea that if one thing is true then some
other thing also has to be true.
Example:
If a number is even then it is a multiple of 2
Commonly uses the word : “If then” , “if and only if”
Symbol: “iff”.
An Existential Statement expresses an idea that may or may not be true or at least one
thing for which the property is true
 Example:
There exist a prime number that is even
Commonly used word : There exist
Symbol: “ⱻ”.

Objective : At the end of the lesson ,students will be able to

 Formulate mathematical statement based on numerical properties
 Classify mathematical statement .

Examples of
True Mathematical Statement
Classification
1. The sum of two even numbers is even. Universal
Statement (US)
2. The product of any real number is real. Universal
Statement (US)
3. There exist a sum of two real number that is
less than 5. Existential
Statement (ES)
4. If a number in zero then it is a multiple of
5 and 10. Conditional
Satement (CS)
5. Triangle ABC is a right triangle if the square of the
longest side equal to the sum of the squares of the Universal
Conditional
other two sides . Statement (UCS)

Examples of
False Mathematical Statement
1. Every decimal number is rational number. Universal
Statement (US)
2. The sum of two odd numbers is an odd number. Universal
Statement (US)
3. If x+7= 7, then x=-7. Conditional
Statement(CS)
4. There exist a number when divided by itself
equals 0. Existential Statement (ES)
5. All prime number is odd number . Universal
Statement (US)
Example of Mathematical Phrases
1. The sum of two squares
2. Twenty percent discount
3. Twice a number and 8
4. My age two years from now
5. The sum of three consecutive numbers
Lesson 2 : Mathematical Notations , Symbols, Operations and Variables.
Rqd Readings : Mathematical Symbols- Notations.
The combination of variables , operations , notations and symbols form a
mathematical expressions or sentence.
The success of solving mathematical problem correctly lies on how the students
will going to translate Mathematical Statement/ Phrases into mathematical expression.
Appropriate use of variables , symbols , operations and notations in translating
mathematical statement / phrase will give correct equation and representation to solve
a given mathematical problem .
Examples of Translating Mathematical Phrases / Statement to Mathematical
Expressions (using symbol, notations, operations and variables or contributions of:
Mathematical Statement or Phrase Mathematical
Expression
1. Twice a Number Let a number be equals = x
Twice = 2
Twice a number = 2x

2. The sum of three consecutive numbers Let us say I’m thinking of

three consecutive
numbers 11,12 and 13
Let 11 be the first number
represented by X.
11 = 11 = X
12 = 11 + 1 = x + 1
13 = 11 + 2 = x + 2
The sum of three consecutive
numbers
X+(x+1) + (x+2)

3. The sum of the square of two numbers The square of two

numbers
X2 – one number
Y2 – another number
 The sum of the squares and two
numbers
X2 + y 2
4. There are twice as many apples as the there
are guavas Let A = apples
G = guava
Twice as many A a sthere are G
2A = G
5. The area of a rectangle whose length is 7
more than the width. Area of a rectangle = A
= Lw
Whose length (L) is 7 more than
its width
L=w+7
A = (w+7) w
6. The one third of the sum of my age and brothers
age who is 10 My age = x
Brothers age = 10
One third of the sum of my age
and
brothers age
_1_ (x + 10)
3

7. A three digit number where hundred digit is twice

the digit and the tens digit is 3 more than A three number with unit ,
tens and
the units digit hundred digits
x = unit digit
10x = tens digit
100x = hundred digit
Since the tens digit is 3 more
than the
unit digit
(3+x)10
And the hundred digit is twice the
tens digit
(2(3+x)) 100
Therefore x = unit digit
10 (3+x) = tens digit
100 ( 2 ( 3 + x )) = hundred digit
 The three digit numer is
X+10 (3+x) + 100 (2(3+x))

8. The total peso value of 50 coins consisting of

₱5 coins and ₱10 coins. Let x = ₱5. – coins
20-x = ₱10. – coins
Total peso coins value
₱ = ₱ 5x + ₱10 (20-x)

9. A vessel runs at the rate of 8 miles per hour Let x = rate of the current

In still water . What is the rate of the vessel. 8-x = rate of the current
upstream
What is the rate of the vessel upstream if the We subtract x from 8 since
the vessel
rate of the current is x7 . is travelling against the current.

10. If Juan can finish a job in 16 days . What is

the portion of work done by Juan in 2 days. 16_ = time of Juan to
finish his job.
16
Per day 1_ is the rate of the job
16 done in two days
2_ or 1_ proportion of job is
done.
16 8

11. All natural numbers are real numbers Ɐ x C N , x C R.

12. There exist two distinct integers where

Sum is zero. ⱻ m , n ∈Z ; (m+n) = 0

13. All real number greater than

Zero, the square root of its square is equal Ɐ x ≥ o ,√ x 2 = x
To itself

14. For all real number , there exist number 1 Ɐ x ∈ R , ⱻ 1 / x.1 = 1.x = x
As identity element for multiplication.
 15. For any non- zero real number when raise to
Zero is equal to 1. Ɐ a ∈R , a ≠ 0 ; a 0= 1

16. There exist an element of real number such

That its square is less than itself ⱻ x ∈R / x2 < x

17. If a is less than zero then the absolute value

Of a is the negative of a. Ɐ a ∈R, if a < 0 , IaI = - a

18. For any real number not equal to zero if

a
The number is divided by itself is equal to 1. Ɐ a ∈R, if a ≠ 0, =1
a

19. There exist an element of rational numbers

Whose product is an element of whole number? ⱻ X, y ∈Q/ (xy) ∈W

20. For every set empty set is its subset. Ɐ set , ⱻ ø as a C of every
set

Translate each of the following mathematical statement/phrases into a mathematical

expressions. Use as few variables as possible.

1. A number less 8.
2. The square of the sum of 8 and a number
3. A man’s age 15 years ago
4. The sum of three consecutive odd numbers
5. r percent of x pesos
6. The excess of 13 over y
7. Two numbers whose sum is 80 and difference is 50
8. Joe is 2.5 times as old as his brother Ken now. Six years ago, he was four times as
old as Ken.
9. If a pipe can fill 1/5 of the tank in an hour and tank can fill ½ of the tank in an hour.
The numbers of hour that the two pipe can fill the tank together.
10. For all real numbers there exist a multiplicative inverse whose product of the
number and its multiplicative inverse is 1.
11. The sum of real numbers is real
12. If the product of any two number is zero, then either of the two number is equal to
zero.
13.For any real number the grouping and regrouping of its addends do not affect its
sum.
14. A rational number is defined provided that its denominator is not equal to zero.
15.A total amount of a loan with an annual rate of 6% and a monthly deductions of
P12, 500.

Translate the following expressions to mathematical statement/phrase.

1.(-2)2
2. -22
3. (x+y)2

4. 8-y
5. Boy +10 = Girls
6. ⱻm, n Є Z, m+n=0
7. Ɐ x Є R, x2>0
8. Ɐ a Є R, ⱻ -a/ a +(-a) = 0
9. Ɐ x, y Є R,(x+y) Є R
10. Ɐ a, b Є R, a+b = b+a