Smart irrigation control system

H.K.E Society’s
POOJYA DODDAPPA APPA COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING
KALABURAGI- 585102
(An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated To VTU Belgaum, and Approved By AICTE)

A
SEMINAR REPORT
ON
“SMART IRRIGATION CONTROL SYSTEM”
Submitted to the
POOJYA DODDAPPA APPA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING KALABURAGI,
(An Autonomous Institution, affiliated to VTU Belagavi and Approved by AICTE.)
In the Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of Degree Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Submitted by:

POOJA 3PD17EE028

Under the Guidance of

Dr.SANJEEV KUMAR R A

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING
P.D.A COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
(AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)
KALABURAGI
2020-2021

PDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING KALBURGI

DEPARTMENT OF EEE
Smart irrigation control system

PDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING KALBURGI

DEPARTMENT OF EEE
Smart irrigation control system

Hyderabad Karnataka Education Society’s

POOJYA DODDAPPA APPA COLLEGE
OF ENGINEERING
KALABURAGI- 585102
(An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to VTU Belagavi, and Approved By AICTE)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Seminarwork entitled, “SMART IRRIGATION CONTROL

SYSTEM”is a bonafide work carried out by POOJA(3PD17EE028)in partial fulfillment
for the award of bachelor of engineering in ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICSENGINEERINGofPoojyaDoddappaAppaCollegeofEngineeringKalabura
gi, an Autonomous Institution, affiliated to Visveswaraya Technological University,
Belgaum during the year 2020-2021.

Guide H.O.D Principal

Dr.Sanjeev kumar R A Dr.Nagabhushan patil Dr.S.S.Hebbal

Examiners:

1.

2.

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Smart irrigation control system

Acknowledgement
We express our deep sense of gratitude and indebtness to our esteemed institute
“PDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING”, KALABURAGI which has provided us
opportunity to fulfill the most cherished desire to reach our goal.

We express our special gratitude to our guide Dr.S.S.HEBBAL, for his

inspiration, guidance, constant supervision, direction and discussions in successful
completion of the Seminar.

We are thankful to Dr. NAGABHUSHAN PATIL, Head of the Department of

Electrical And Electronics Engineering, for giving permission to carry out this
Seminar in the college.

We express our foremost gratitude to our principal Dr. S.S.HEBBAL, for his
constant support and valuable guidance.

We are also expressing our heart full thanks to the staff members of Electrical
and Electronics Engineering department, who helped us in completion of this
seminar directly and indirectly within the schedule period.
Finally we are very much thankful to our beloved parents and to our dear
friends.

POOJA

[3PD17EE028]

PDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING KALBURGI

DEPARTMENT OF EEE
Smart irrigation control system

ABSTRACT

This paper focus on a smart irrigation system which is cost effective and a middle-
class farmer use it in farm field. Today we are living in 21 st century where automation is
playing important role in human life. Automation allows us to controlappliances automatic
control. It not only provides comfort but also reduce energy, efficiency and time saving.

Today industries are use automation and control machine which is high in cost
and not suitable for using in a farm field. So here we also design a smart irrigation
technology in low cost which is usable by Indian farmers. The objectives of this paper were
to control the water motor automatically and select the direction of the flow of water in
pipe with the help of soil moisture sensor. Finally send the information (operation of the
motor and direction of water) of the farm field to the mobile message and g-mail account of
the user.

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CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Importance of Irrigation
3. Methods of Irrigation
4. System components
5. Control system
6. References

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1.INTRODUCTION

n our country Agriculture is major source of food production

to the growing demand of human population. In agriculture,
irrigation is an essential process that influences crop
production. Generally farmers visit their agriculture fields
periodically to check soil moisture level and based on
requirement water is pumped by motors to irrigate respective
fields. Farmer need to wait for certain period before switching
off motor so that water is allowed to flow in sufficient quantity
in respective fields. This irrigation method takes lot of time
and effort particularly when a farmer need to irrigate multiple
agriculture fields distributed in different geographical areas.
Traditionally farmers will present in their fields to do
irrigation process. But nowadays farmers need to manage their
agricultural activity along with other occupations.

In our country Agriculture is major source of food production to the growing

demand of human population. In agriculture, irrigation is an essential process that
influences crop production.

Generally, farmers visit their agriculture fields periodically to check soil moisture
level and based on requirement water is pumped by motors to irrigate respective fields.

Farmer need to wait for certain period before switching off motor so that water is
allowed to flow in sufficient quantity in respective fields. This irrigation method takes lot of
time and effort particularly when a farmer needs to irrigate multiple agriculture fields
distributed in different geographical areas.

Traditionally farmers will present in their fields to do irrigation process. But

nowadays farmers need to manage their agricultural activity along with other occupations.
Automation in irrigation system makes farmer work much easier. Sensor based automated
irrigation system provides promising solution to farmers where presence of farmer in field is
not compulsory.

A small processor programmed for control a electromagnetic valve and also

compare to electromagnetic valve operate motor to start watering. Really INDIAN farmers
need cheap and simple user interface for controlling sensor based automated irrigation
system

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Smart irrigation control system

PDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING KALBURGI

DEPARTMENT OF EEE
Smart irrigation control system

Now a day's internet is widely used. Using internet farmer know about the agriculture
field irrigation status. This helps farmers to know the status of farm field watering direction
through a message whether the farmer is far away from field know the status of water
motor is ON or OFF and direction of watering.

In this paper we present a prototype for fully automation accessing of irrigation motor
where Prototype includes number of sensor node placed in different directions of farm field.
Each Sensors are integrated with a wireless networking device and the data received by the
“ATMEGA-328” microcontroller which is on a “ARDUINO-UNO” development board.

The RASPBERRY-Pi is use for send messages through internet correspondence to the
microcontroller process. For experimentation we have abstracted number of soil moisture
sensor used in different direction of the farm fields.

The soil moisture in each direction of field is sensed by sensor node and the sensed data is
sent to microcontroller node through wireless networking device. On receiving sensor value
the controller node checks it with required soil moisture value.

When soil moisture in a particular field is not up to required level then controller node
switch on the motor to irrigate associated field and the RASPBERRY-Pi process all data and
notification SMS is send to registered mobile phone which is registered in RASPBERRY-Pi. .

The RASPBERRY-Pi is monitoring with a screen to see the current status of the irrigation and
use for change the setting of user required.

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Smart irrigation control system

2.IMPORTANCE OF IRRIATION

The rainfall of in our country depends on monsoons. Rainfall controls

agriculture, but the agriculture is said to be “the gambling of the monsoon” as the monsoon
rainfall are uncertain, irregular and uneven or unequal. So, irrigation is essential for
agriculture.

In INDIA there are 80% of the total annual rainfall occurs in four months, i.e.,
from mid-June to mid-October. So, it is very necessary to irrigation for farm field during the
rest of the eight months.

3.METHODS OF IRRIGATION

There are different types of method for irrigation farm field for different types
crop field. Basically, Indian farmer use these three methods channel system is a traditional
method of irrigation. But a smart irrigation system is a new technology to irrigating farm
field automatically.

1.Channel system irrigation

This system is widely used in farming irrigation system. As this system is a

very low-cost system for irrigating a large area farming field. In this system pipes are
connected with a water pump and while pump started water flow through pipe a from lake,
river, bore well to farming field. And the farmer fully engaged for irrigating the crop field
with number of workers. Huge amount of water waste and large number of workers are
engaged during watering

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Smart irrigation control system

figure 1 Channel System Irrigation.

2.Sprinkler System irrigation

This system is more useful whether the water is available in smaller quantity. When
pump started then water flow through main pipe and also flow through the perpendicular
pipes.
A nozzle on the top of perpendicular pipe is joined and rotating automatically at regular
intervals. This system is very useful on the sandy soil. Less number of workers required
water waste is less.

Figure 2 Sprinkler system irrigation

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3. Drip System irrigation

In this system waterfall drop by drop at the position of the roots. It is the best
technology for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees. Water flow through a main pipe and
divided into sub pipes. Special prepared nozzles are attached to these sub pipes. Special
prepared nozzles are attached to these sub pipes. In this system waste of water is very less and
No worker need for irrigating. When the farmer knows the status of the farm field then start
the motor and chose the direction from nozzles. Then automatically watering the plants and
after some time the farmer check the status of the field and while the whole crop are irrigating
then OFF the motor

Fig
ure 3 Drip irrigation

4. Smart Irrigation system

Above three systems are generally operate by a user but a smart irrigation tells that
the total system is controlled by autonomous mean automatically control the total irrigation
system whether the farmer is not present his farm field and send messages to the farmer
about the information of farm field and change in operation of the farm field. Which require
no worker for operating, and also less waste of water with compared to previous three
methods.

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Smart irrigation control system

Figure 4  Smart Irrigation System.

4. CONTROL SYSTEM

Functional Block Diagram.

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Smart irrigation control system

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

A. Electro Magnetic Valve.

The solenoid is an electromagnetic part of a valve, comprised of a coil,

core tube, core and enclosure. The selection of 2- way, 3-way and 4-waysolenoid valves,
designed to handle the most demanding fluid control applications.

3-Way Electromagnetic Valves have three pipe connections and two

orifices. When one orifice is open, the other is closed and vice versa. Which is automatically
controlled by the water requirement of sensor node.

Electro Magnetic Valve

B. Soil moisture Sensor.

Soil moisture sensor includes comparator (LM393) which converts analog data to
discrete. Two soil probes consist of two thin copper wires each of 5 cm length which
can be immersed into the soil under test. The circuit gives a voltage output
corresponding to the conductivity of soil. The soil between the probes acts as a
variable resistance whose value depends upon moisture content in soil.

The resistance across soil probes can vary from infinity (for completely dry soil) to a very
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little resistance (for 100% moisture in soil) his variation in resistance across the probes (RS)
leads to variation in forward-bias voltage which leads to corresponding variation in input
base current .

C. Arduino
The Arduino-Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started [8].

SUMMARY OF ARDUINO-UNO BOARD

ATMEGA328 MICROCONTROLLER

5V OPERATING VOLTAGE

7-12V INPUT VOLTAGE

(RECOMMENDED)

6-20V INPUT VOLTAGE

(LIMITS)

14 (OF WHICH 6 DIGITAL I/O PINS

PROVIDE PWM OUTPUT)

6 ANALOG INPUT PINS

40MV DC CURRENT

50 MA DC CURRENT FOR

3.3V PIN

32 KB (ATMEGA328) OF WHICH FLASH MEMORY

0.5 KB USED BY BOOTLOADER

2 KB (ATMEGA328 SRAM

1 KB (ATMEGA328) EEPROM

16 MHZ CLOCK SPEED

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D. Raspberry-pi
The Raspberry Pi is a small, powerful and lightweight ARM based computer which can do
many of the things a desktop PC can do. The powerful graphics capabilities and HDMi video
output make it ideal for multimedia applications such as media centers and narrowcasting
solutions. The Raspberry Pi is based on a Broadcom BCM2835 chip. It does not feature a
built-in hard disk or solid-state drive, instead relying on an SD card for booting and long-
term storage

Arduino Uno and Soil Moisture Sensor.

Soil moisture sensors are used to sense the moisture level in soil and send the
data to wireless network device and the data from network device send to ARDUINO-UNO
where an ATMEGA-328 Microcontroller process the data and calculate the percentage of
dryness. The sensor data are voltage values so calculating percentage of dryness from
voltage value using an algorithmic
Voltage= sensor value*(5/1023)
Percent= (voltage/5)*100
The ARDUINO board has 10-bit analogue to digital converter. This means that it will map
input voltages between 0 and 5 volts into integer values between 0 and 1023.

This yields a resolution between readings of: 5 volts / 1024 units or, .0049 volts (4.9
mV) per unit. It takes about 100 microseconds (0.0001 s) to read an analog input, so the
maximum reading rate is about 10,000 times a second [8]. Which generate a large number
of data so we take a delay of 5 minute. In each 5 minutes ARDUINO give one output value of
percentage in dryness. The value of dryness fed to the Raspberry-Pi to control the
electromagnetic valve and operate motor. User knows the status of the farm field through a
message to the registered mobile number

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Smart irrigation control system

Arduino Uno and Soil Moisture Sensor.

The RASPBERRY-Pi is used for control the irrigation system and connects with internet
to send data to the registered mobile number. Automatic message sending is developed
using python programming in raspberry-pi. If the farmer is far away from his field he always
update with his field status through mobile message or Gmail.

The raspberry pi check the condition in which direction of the farm field is dry then it open
the electromagnetic valve at the correspondence direction and then ON the pump .

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5. PROPOSED SYSTEM

In a large area of farm field there is use a large number of pipes for
watering plants in different directions from the socket of motor. Which is changed by the
farmer to irrigate a particular direction of the field. But use of electromagnetic valve the
pipe system are always connected and electromagnetic valve automatically change the
direction of the water required area of the field and the valve is controlled by the Raspberry-
Pi. While the valve is open then the water motor ON automatically. And send a message to
the registered mobile number and registered g-mail account. By which farmer know the
status of the farm field while farmer far away from field.

In an irregular surface of the field there are use a large number of sensors
and a wireless networking device which is increase the cost of the smart system. So in this
we focus to decrease the number of sensors and wireless network devices. The farm field
covered by the set of n sensors distributed randomly over a 2-D plane. Normally farm fields
are irregular in surface area. So change inside of an irregular surface area to square

Irregular area and less number of sensors use Sensors are deployed in each corner
of the irregular area and then design the inside of an irregular surface like square and then
sensors are deployed in each corner of the square. Which required less number of sensors.
Each sensor node connects with wireless network devices.

Network Model

An algorithm called Local Shortest Path (LSP) use for control in wireless multiple networks.
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In this algorithm each WSN device computes the shortest paths connecting itself to the
nearby WSN devices based on some link weight function

The sensor nodes and wireless network devices are powered by battery with limited power
source. Therefore, the energy consumption of the sensor nodes is treated as the most
serious issue for the long operation of the WSN. Clustering WSN devices is an efficient
technique which is known for energy saving of the sensor nodes

A two-tire WSN is formed by grouping sensor nodes into clusters in the lower tire. In each
cluster there is a cluster head (CH) and remaining nodes are cluster members (CMs). CMs
collect the data and send to the CH. The CH then sends the aggregated data to the sink
directly or via other CH. There are two types of communication between CH and sink i.e.,
single-hop communication and multi-hop communication. In single-hop the CH directly
connect to sink and the multi-hop the CH connect via other CH to sink. Each CH distributes
and transmits the data packet to the sink so that the load of the forwarding nodes is
balanced and the energy consumed by the CH is minimized in the process of data routing

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CONCLUSION
In this paper we present a prototype for automatic controlling a irrigation system. Here
prototypes include sensor node and control node. The sensor node is deployed in irrigation
field for sensing soil moisture value and the sensed data is sent to controller node. On
receiving sensor value the controller node checks it with required soil moisture value. When
soil moisture in irrigation field is not up to the required level then the motor is switched on
to irrigate associated agriculture field and alert message is send to registered mobile phone.

The experimental results show that the prototype is capable for automatic controlling the
experimental results show that the prototype is capable for automatic controlling of
irrigation motor based on the feedback of soil moisture sensor. This system is used in a
remote area and there are various benefits for the farmers. By using the automatic irrigation
system, it optimizes the usage of water by reducing wastage and reduce the human
intervention for farmers.

It saves energy also as its automatic controlling the system. So, there are the system is OFF
when the field is wet and automatically start when the field id dry. It is implemented in all
type of irrigation system (channel, sprinkler, drip). And we present also a smaller number of
sensor nodes to use in a large area of field so the cost of the system also decreases. And
power consumption of the wireless network devices are also less and the system perform a
long-time function.

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ADVANTAGES

1. The falls which come across the irrigation channels can be utilized for producing
hydroelectric power.

2. Irrigation improves the yield of crops and makes people prosperous. The living
standards of the people are thereby improved.

3. Irrigation makes it possible to grow cash crops which give good returns to the
cultivators than the ordinary crops they might have grown in absence of irrigation.
Fruit gardens, sugarcane, potato, tobacco etc., are the cash crops.

4. Sometimes large irrigation channels can be used as a means of communication.

5.  Irrigation also adds to the wealth of the country in two ways. Firstly as bumper crops
are produced due to irrigation it makes country self-sufficient in food requirements.
Secondly as the irrigation water is taxed when it is supplied to the cultivators, it adds
to the revenue.

6. Irrigation improves the groundwater storage as water lost due to seepage adds to
the groundwater storage.

7. Along the banks of large irrigation channels plantation can be successfully done
which not only helps introducing social forestry but also improves environmental
status of the region.

8. New irrigation works are started at the time of famines to provide employment to a
large number of populations. These works are called famine works or relief works.

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DISADVANTAGES

1. Excessive seepage and leakage of water forms marshes and ponds all along the

channels. The marshes and the ponds in course of time become the colonies of the

mosquito, which gives rise to a disease like malaria.

2. Excessive seepage into the ground raises the water-table and this in turn completely

saturates the crop root-zone. It causes water logging of that area.

3. It lowers the temperature and makes the locality damp due to the presence of

irrigation water.  
4. Under irrigation canal system valuable residential and industrial land is lost.

5. Initial cost of irrigation project is very high and thereby the cultivators have to pay

more taxes in the form of levy.

6. Irrigation works become obstacles in the way of free drainage of water during rainy

season and thus results in submerging standing crops and even villages.

REFERENSES

[1] International journal of engineering sciences & research technology (IJESRT) survey of
smart irrigation system h.n. kamalaskar* dr. p.h.zope* issn: 2277-9655
[2] water conservation potential of landscape irrigation smart controllers (m.d. dukes)
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[3] Advance in Electronic and Electric Engineering.ISSN 2231-1297, Volume 4, Number 4

(2014), pp. 341-346Solar Powered Smart Irrigation System S. Harishankar1, R. Sathish
Kumar2
4] International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering
(IJIRCCE) Prototype for Automatic Controlling and Remote Accessing of Irrigation
MotorR.Jaichandran, Sudharsan K.P, U. Vignesh and T.Viveknath 1,Dr. A. Anthony
Irudhayaraj2, Surabhi3, Rajkumar Kuila4, Trisha Sinha
[5] Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, chnology(IJESRT) survey of smart irrigation system
h.n.kamalaskar*dr. p.h.zope* issn: 2277-965
[6]soil moisture estimation using remote sensing (Jeffrey Walker 1 1 and Paul Houser2
[7] International Journal of Environmental Research and Development. ISSN 2249-3131
Volume 4, Number 4 (2014), pp. 371-374 Smart Irrigation Control System Mr. Deepak Kumar
Roy and Mr.Murtaza Hassan Ansari. )
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Python 3, Paul Gries, Jennifer Campbell, Jason Montojo, Edited by Lynn Beighley
[9] An introduction to the Linux Command Shell for Beginners, Presented by: (Victor Gedris)
[10] Linux Fundamentals (Paul Cobbaut)
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Algorithm for Two-tire wireless Sensor Networks Tarachand Amgoth1 ,Nabin Ghosh2
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[12] ©Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014, Minimum Range Assignment
Problem for Two Connectivity in Wireless Sensor Networks Bhawani Sankar Panda and D.
Pushparaj Sethy Computer science and Application Group,Department of Mathematics,IIT
Delhi 1
[13] A Shortest-Path-Based Topology Control Algorithm in Wireless Multihop Networks Yao
Shen,Yunze Cai,Xiaoming Xu Dept. of Automation,Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. Shanghai 200240,
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[14] Heinzelman, W.B., Chandrakasan, A.,Balakrishnan,H.: Energy-efficient communication
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[15] ©Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014, A Digital Geometric Approach for
Computing Area Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks Dibakar Saha1 ,Nabanita Das2
,Shyamosree

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