Volume 6, Issue 6, June-2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No: 2456-2156

GIS-Based Application for DepEd Schools in the

Philippines using Spatial Data Analysis
Vince Lloyd Q. Balisi
Faculty, Isabela State University Cabagan,
Philippines

Abstract:- The study “GIS-based Application of DepEd and geo-processing power through the Internet in order to
Schools in the Philippines” is applied to the geospatial achieve greater scalability, reliability and efficiency.
data of DepEd schools in the Philippines with the use of
the Internet. The application plays a significant role in the Relative to the development of the GIS-based
decision making activities of the DepEd National as it help application in the Philippines, literatures corroborated
address the need to determine the required information in evidences that it was indeed an emerging powerful tool which
the real time monitoring the DepEd schools in the were applied in different services on health, public transport,
country. The information is cascaded to the national level land used, agriculture and education. Specific to the education
as an efficient way of information dissemination via client- system, there has been applications developed but it is limited
server configuration. The school location likewise be on secondary education as well as in the higher education
viewed using the visualized maps based from the institution and no application developed in the general
geospatial information of the school. A validated 5-point management of the Department of Education (DepEd)
Likert survey questionnaire was utilized to evaluate the schools in the country. With the mandate of DepEd which
extent of compliance of the developed application to ISO was established through the Education Decree of 1863 as the
25010:2011 software quality standards among IT experts Superior Commission of Primary Instruction under a
and DepEd ICT coordinators. Result of the elauation Chairman, it underwent many reorganization efforts in the
showed that the application developed is found to be 20th century in order to better define its purpose vis a vis the
efficient, usable, reliable, portable, easily maintained, changing administrations and charters. At present, the DepEd
compatible, suitable and secured. With the GIS-based was eventually mandated through Republic Act 9155,
application, there is a real time update of school otherwise known as the Governance of Basic Education act of
information from the local school in the municipality, 2001. The DepEd formulates, implements, and coordinates
legislative district, province and region in the Philippines. policies, plans, programs and projects in the areas of formal
and non-formal basic education. It supervises all elementary
Keywords:- DepEd School, GIS-Based Application, Spatial and secondary education institutions, including alternative
Data. learning systems, both public and private; and provides for
the establishment and maintenance of a complete, adequate,
I. INTRODUCTION and integrated system of basic education relevant to the goals
of national development. With the available geospatial data in
Geographic Information System (GIS) is an emerging the DepEd national level, it help bridge the gap to address
powerful technology encompassing different fields. Today, their concern and to take advantage on the benefits of the
with the growing capability of the Internet, it has created an merging powerful technology - GIS.
avenue for the development of the GIS-based applications
centralizing the maintenance of services and information The GIS-based application likewise included the
needed. With the merging capability of the Internet and GIS- classification of students by Gender and Age, and the
based applications, permitted users can gain access to the classification of schools by Grade Level (elementary, junior
information they needed for a specific tasks which can be high school, senior high school), by sector (private or public),
easily updated for information dissemination and for an by curricular offering (all offering k-12, elementary and
efficient and effective decision making activities of any junior high school, junior high school with senior high
organization. school, purely elementary school, purely junior, purely
senior). It also includes the classification of a DepEd teacher
The integration of GIS and Internet technologies is according to their specialization. The map access level was
allowing GIS developers to provide access to geo-information based from the location of the school by barangay level,
and processing without burdening end users with complicated municipality, legislative district, province and region. Each
and expensive software and dedicated hardware[1]. The recent was managed by the system administrator which can view the
convergence of multiple information and communication map within the location of the school including the school
technologies including Internet and GIS has given rise to a information thereon. The adding and updating of the
new class of location based applications and services. With information per school was done by the ICT coordinators
this, location based services deliver geographic information including viewing of such. From the national level, the

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Volume 6, Issue 6, June-2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: 2456-2156
database administrator from the DepEd National was in- B. Data Gathering Procedures
charged in managing the whole network. Formal communications was prepared and was sent to
the concerned persons at the DepEd Central office in order to
From the foregoing, it is imperative to address the extract the necessary data needed for the study. Interview was
concern of DepEd schools in the country and help bridge the likewise conducted among DepEd ICT coordinators to better
gap to make use of their available geospatial data in order to understand the technical terms and the processes that were
improve the kind and quality of their services which is involved during data collection.
cognizant to help realize their mandate thus paving the way
for an effective and efficient decision making activities of the The data or the dataset was taken from the DepEd
agency. Central office and it was used solely for the conduct of
research and educational purposes only. These data that was
II. METHODOLOGY stored in different tables was cleaned by removing duplicate
records. Records that contain empty or null values were
A. Research Design likewise deleted. The different tables were integrated in order
The study is a descriptive research as well as to create meaningful groups within the attributes to match
developmental research. Descriptive research as it involves that of the objectives of the study.
gathering of DepEd schools information as well as analyzing
and describing of the data gathered. On the other hand, it is For the evaluation of the system, an orientation about
developmental research as it involves analysis, design and the system was first conducted by the researcher to the end-
development of the proposed GIS-based application as well users that involve the DepEd ICT coordinators and IT
as testing and evaluation of the same. experts. After the live orientation and demonstration about
the system, the link for the Google Survey Form was
The framework of the study as presented in Fig 1 was distributed to the participants. The filled up survey form was
anchored on the concept of GIS-based System using a client- submitted by the participants through the same link and
server configuration via the Internet[2]. The client sends a scores were tallied and tabulated into a master datasheet or
request for service and the server processes the request and through MS Office Excel. The sets of data coded and inputted
returns information to the client. in the spreadsheet application and subjected to statistical
analysis using the MS Excel Data Analysis ToolPack and the
weighted means were computed on each item in the
evaluation. After the statistical treatments, the results were
analyzed and interpreted based on the purpose of the study.

C. Instrumentation
An interview guide was formulated in order to
understand the technical terms and the processes that were
involved during the data gathering. Specific terms on the
datasets were considered for better understanding which was
validated by the DepEd ICT coordinator. The study used the
secondary data or dataset of DepEd schools.

Google Survey form was utilized to determine the

Fig 1. GIS-based System extent of compliance of the system which was based from an
international standard, ISO 25010:2011 Software Quality
In this study, the same concept of GIS-based application Model[3],, which is rated in eight dimensions namely:
was adopted for the general management of DepEd Schools Efficiency, Usability, Reliability, Portability, Maintainability,
in the country with the inclusion of Decision Support as the Functional Suitability, Compatibility and Security. The test
data resides from the server interface. The data obtained from case scenario was answered using a 5-point Likert scale.
the DepEd Central office were used as basis for the
development of the application. The DepEd Central office D. Data Analysis
likewise served as the data repository. These data are loaded To determine the challenges encountered by the DepEd
from the database server which was used for the map plotting National in terms of the general management of Dep. Schools
and extraction of the clustered data based from the location. in the country, the Google survey form was prepared. To
This kind of set-up provides a simplified way of application determine what GIS application is appropriate for DepEd
development, deployment and maintenance of data as the Schools and the features of the GIS-based application in the
individual client can access the data directly through the general management of the DepEd Schools in the Philippines,
internet with the permission from the server interface. This content analysis was employed.
provides a novel way of managing data as it creates a
significant positive implication for performance and The descriptive statistical tool used in the evaluation of
reliability for the user access based from its location. the developed system was the Weighted Mean. This was used
to calculate for the extent of compliance to ISO 25010 of the
developed GIS-based application. The extent of compliance

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Volume 6, Issue 6, June-2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: 2456-2156
of the system was rated using the Likert Scale shown in Table Table 3 revealed that the top 5 challenges encountered
2. by the DepEd School in the general management of DepEd
schools in the country is the limited capacity in managing
Table 2. Measurement of the Extent of Compliance to ISO sustainable programs or projects related to ICT, limited
25010:2011 Software Quality Standard capacity to develop ICT-enabled applications, the lack of real
Mean Range Descriptive Equivalent time platform to manage the DepEd schools in the country,
4.20 – 5.00 Compliant to the very high extent limited capacity building activities on ICT and limited
3.40 – 4.19 Compliant to a high extent network-based applications/systems in DepEd schools. This
2.60 – 3.39 Compliant to a moderate extent may be attributed to the fact that there is no existing platform
1.80 – 2.59 Compliant to a low extent used by the DepEd National in the general management of
1.00 – 1.79 Compliant to the very low extent DepEd schools.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION B. Application appropriate in the General Management of

DepEd Schools in the Country
A. Challenges Encountered by the DepEd National in terms In terms of the application that is appropriate in the
of the general management of DepEd schools in the country general management of DepEd schools in the country,
As the education system transitions into the “new content analysis was employed. Based from the result of
normal”, DepEd faces challenges in terms of the general analysis, the GIS-based application developed for DepEd
management of DepEd schools in the country. These schools was found to be the appropriate application just in
challenges were determined using the Google Survey Form time to the “new normal” set-up brought about by Covid-19
on the Challenges Encountered by the DepEd National in pandemic to monitor the DepEd schools in the country. This
Managing the DepEd schools in the country. Table 3 presents was supported by the result of the survey conducted about the
the challenges encountered by the DepEd National in the possible applications to be addressed by the DepEd school
general management of DepEd schools in the country. and the application that would likely be developed in the
future. Tables 4 and 5 revealed that the GIS-based
Table 3. Challenges Encountered by the DepEd National in applications and Information Systems is the top application
Terms of the General Management of Deped Schools in the that needs to be addressed.
Country
Table 4. Possible Applications to be addressed by the DepEd
Schools

A. Limited means of notifications regarding school related

information
B. Limited capacity building activities on ICT
C. Lack of real time platform to manage the DepEd schools
in the country
D. Limited technical support in the ICT service A. GIS-based applications and Information Systems
E. Limited capacity to develop ICT-enabled applications B. Web Applications
F. Limited support in developing ICT-enabled solutions C. Mobile Applications
G. Limited delivery in education governance through the use D. Game Application Development
of ICT E. Database System Applications
H. Limited mechanism of receiving, processing and F. Application of Artificial Intelligence
analyzing information from the DepEd schools G. Human-Computer Interaction on Education
I. Misuse of ICT facilities H. Application of Robotics
J. Wasteful utilization of resources I. Data Mining Applications
K. Limited platform to provide school information in terms
of geographic location
L. Limited network-based applications/systems in DepEd
schools
M. Limited capacity in managing sustainable programs or
projects related to ICT

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Volume 6, Issue 6, June-2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: 2456-2156
Table 5. Applications that would likely to be developed in the
future by the DepEd Schools.

Fig3. Main Window

C. The Application: “GIS-Based Application for DepEd The Transaction Window contains two sub-modules
Schools in the Philippines using Spatial Data Analysis” namely Map and Check Internet Connection as shown in Fig
The GIS-Based application for DepEd schools in the 3. The map presents the DepEd schools in the Region,
Philippines explored the development of a platform using Province and Municipality with its curricular offering.
Spatial Data Analysis in order to provide information that is
necessary which forms part of monitoring DepEd schools
which eventually aid in the decision-making activities of the
organization.

Based on the result of the application development,

screenshots necessary for the achievement of the objectives
are presented in the succeeding paragraphs.

To access the system, you need to log-in as shown in

Fig 2.

Fig 4. Transaction Window

Fig 5 shows the Management View Window. This

shows the number of school district, number of school by
municipality, number of students by school district, number
of students by municipality, number of teachers by school
district, number of teachers by municipality, number of
schools, teachers and students, list of schools with no number
of teachers submitted, list of schools with no number of
students submitted which can be used in monitoring the
DepEd schools and help support in the decision making
Fig 2. Log-in Window activities of the DepEd school.
After successfully entering the user name and password,
the main window will be displayed as shown in Fig 3 with
four main modules namely: Transaction, Management Views
and Dashboards.

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Volume 6, Issue 6, June-2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: 2456-2156
mean of 4.61. This implies that the platform has
‘Outstanding’ performance on all of the criteria as defined.

Table 6. Summary of the System Evaluation

Indicators IT DepEd Overall
Expert Schools Mean Descriptive
s Equivalent
1. Efficiency Compliant
to a Very
High
4.93 4.90 4.92 Extent
2. Usability Compliant
to a Very
4.90 4.86 4.88 High
Extent
3. Reliability Compliant
to a Very
4.92 4.88 4.90 High
Fig 5. Management Views Extent
Fig 6 shows the Dashboard for School. This shows the 4. Portability Compliant
region, school type, sector, Modified Curriculum, to a Very
Classification of schools and the number schools based from 4.92 4.88 4.90 High
the classification. The information is used to provide reports Extent
which is updated in real time based on the inputted school 5. Maintainabil Compliant
data. ity to a Very
4.91 4.88 4.90 High
Extent
6. Compatibilit Compliant
y to a Very
4.93 4.90 4.92 High
Extent
7. Functional Compliant
Suitability to a Very
4.93 4.90 4.92 High
Extent
8. Security Compliant
to a Very
4.80 High
4.93 4.87 Extent

Category Mean Compliant

to a Very
4.92 4.88 4.90 High
Extent
Fig 6. Dashboard for the School by School Year
REFERENCES
D. Extent of Compliance of the Proposed GIS-Based
Application to ISO 25010:2011 [1]. Stojanovic, D., & Djordjevic-Kajan, S. (2001). Internet
Table 6 presents the summary of evaluation of the IT GIS Application Framework for Location-Based
experts and DepEd ICT coordinators in terms of the platform Services Development. Proc. 7th EC-GI.
developed. Interestingly, results show that IT experts have [2]. Geospatial World (2009). Implementing Internet GIS
higher evaluation rating of the platform across all criteria than with Java based Client/Server Environment. Retrieved
that of the DepEd ICT Coordinators’ rating. This could be at https://www.geospatialworld.net
attributed to their difference of perspectives as IT experts [3]. 25010:2011 Software Quality Model.
view the evaluation criteria according to the known design https://iso25000.com/index.php/en/iso-25000-
principles whereas the DepEd ICT Coordinators rely on their standards/iso-25010
experiences in their work environment. There may be
differences of rating, unarguably the platform is perceived to
be compliant to a very high extent with an overall weighted

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