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BARCH, Architecture, 7 Semester, III Year AR508: Theory of Human Settlement Unit - 1

The document provides information about the Indus Valley Civilization, including its major sites such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. It describes some key features of Mohenjo-Daro such as the Great Bath, granaries, and underground drainage systems in the lower city. The document also discusses the chronology of the Indus Valley Civilization and potential reasons for its decline, including flooding, decreased rainfall, and the drying of the Sarasvati River.

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86 views22 pages

BARCH, Architecture, 7 Semester, III Year AR508: Theory of Human Settlement Unit - 1

The document provides information about the Indus Valley Civilization, including its major sites such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. It describes some key features of Mohenjo-Daro such as the Great Bath, granaries, and underground drainage systems in the lower city. The document also discusses the chronology of the Indus Valley Civilization and potential reasons for its decline, including flooding, decreased rainfall, and the drying of the Sarasvati River.

Uploaded by

anjali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BARCH, Architecture, 7th semester, III Year

AR508: Theory of Human Settlement


Unit - 1
History of Human Settlement: Indus Valley Civilization

Lecture no. 4

Anjali Gupta
Assistant Professor, School of Architecture & Design
Outlines
• Indus Valley Civilization
River Valley civilization
River Valley civilization

Mesopotamia Civilization 3500 - 500 BC

Indus Valley Civilization 3300–1300 BC 2500 BC Flourished

Egyptian Civilization 3150 - 332 BC

Chinese Civilization 2000 B.C


Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization: Major sites
Indus Valley Civilization: Major sites
Indus Valley Civilization: Major trade
Indus Valley Civilization
The Indus cities are noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses,
elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and clusters of large
non-residential buildings.

Among the settlements were the major urban centers of Harappa,


Mohenjo-daro (UNESCO World Heritage Site), Dholavira, Ganeriwala in
Cholistan and Rakhigarhi
Indus Valley Civilization: Chronology
The most commonly used classifies the Indus Valley Civilization into Early,
Mature and Late Harappan Phase
Mohenjo-Daro city
Mohenjo-Daro city
Mohenjo-Daro city : Citadel
Citadel: Great Bath
The "great bath" is the earliest public water tank.

The tank measures approximately 12 meters north-south and 7 meters


wide, with a maximum depth of 2.4 meters.

Two staircases lead down into the tank from the north and south and
small sockets at the edges of the stairs are thought to have held wooden
planks or treads
Citadel: Granary
Indus valley civilization: Lower Part
The city proper which is lower in elevation where the houses are built

The streets are laid in street pattern


Indus valley civilization: Lower Part
• It is a brick structure that was built on a massive brick foundation
over 45 meters north-south and 45 meters east-west.

• Two rows of six rooms that appear to be foundations are arranged


along a central passageway that is about 7 meters wide and partly
paved with baked bricks.

• Each room measures 15.2 by 6.1 meters and has three sleeper walls
with air space between them.
Indus valley civilization: Lower Part

The most unique aspect of planning during the Indus Valley civilization was
the system of underground drainage. The main sewer, 1.5 meters deep
and 91 cm across, connected to many north-south and east-west
sewers.

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=gpLbRr5Efcg
Lower Part: Well
Private wells were rebuilt over many
generations for large households and
neighborhoods.

This well stands like a chimney


because all of the surrounding earth
has been removed by excavation.

A large public well and public bathing


platforms were found in the southern
part of Harappa.

These public bathing areas may also


have been used for washing clothes
as is common in many traditional
cities in Pakistan and India today.
End of Indus Valley Civilization
Archaeologists have offered four explanations for the collapse of the
Harappan “Civilization”.

Three are based on ecological factors: intense flooding, decrease in


precipitation, and the desiccation of the Sarasvati River.

The fourth hypothesis is that of the Aryan Invasion, proposed by Sir R. E.


Mortimer Wheeler and Stuart Piggott.
SELO
1. Critical & innovative thinking skills.

2. Application of concepts of topic.

3. Ability to be a lifelong self learner.

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