Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

1
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Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
Email Address: tarlac @deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

July 6, 2020

DR. RONALDO A. POZON, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent
Division of Tarlac Province

Sir,
I have the honor to submit the Names of Grade Level Chairmen and the Compendium
Writers who worked for the Compendium of Concepts in SCIENCE 4 based on the Most
Essential Learning Competencies of the Science Matrix for the Elementary of the Department
of Education, a Work of Love which we present as “A GIFT TO THE TARLAQUENO LEARNERS
AND SCIENCE TEACHERS”, hard copies of which are attached herewith as tangible proofs of
our Creative and Collaborative Output in aid of the Delivery of Instruction in Science Education.

GRADE LEVEL CHAIRMAN

NORA S. TAGASA,T-III/Engracio M. Castaneda Central Elementary School/La Paz North District

GRADE LEVEL CHAIRMAN

SHERYL ANN M. ESTRADA, PhD,T- III/Camiling East Central Elementary School/Camiling East
District

GRADE 4-FIRST QUARTER COMPENDIUM WRITER

SHERYL ANN M. ESTRADA, PhD,T- III/Camiling East Central Elementary School/Camiling East
District
GRADE 4-SECOND QUARTER COMPENDIUM WRITER
EDLYN F. VILLANUEVA, PhD, T-III/Paniqui North Central Elementary School/Paniqui North District
GRADE 4-THIRD QUARTER COMPENDIUM WRITER
JERIC G. PANGILINAN, T-II/ Victoria East Central School/Victoria East District
GRADE 4-FOURTH QUARTER COMPENDIUM WRITER
NORA S. TAGASA,T-III/Engracio M. Castaneda Central Elementary School/La Paz North District
2
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Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
Email Address: tarlac @deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

FOREW0RD

This SCIENCE BOOK of DAILY LESSON LOGS with DAILY WRITTEN

SUMMARY NOTES and a COMPENDIUM of SCIENCE CONCEPTS at the end
of each Quarter which are based on the MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCIES in SCIENCE is a collection of our innovative work
passionately written in aid of delivery of instruction for Science Education.
It is a WORK of LOVE which we had joined the CONTENTS of our HEADS,
the SKILLS of our HANDS, the VALUES and ATTITUDES of our HEARTS and
the STRENGTH of our HEALTH (4H’s) to come up with these COLLECTIVE
PIECES OF OUR CREATIVE MINDS, believing that SCIENCE dwells on the
Philosophies of EXPLORE AND LEARN (Explorare at Discite).The OUTPUT of
our conglomerated efforts, this SCIENCE BOOK is our HUMBLE GIFT TO THE
TARLAQUENO LEARNERS AND TO THE SCIENCE TEACHERS of DEPED – SDO
TARLAC PROVINCE.
In a nutshell, here are series of SCIENCE LESSON EXEMPLARS based
on the MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES (MELCs) for the
Science Teachers with DAILY WRITTEN SUMMARY NOTES and a
COMPENDIUM of SCIENCE CONCEPTS for the students in GRADE 4
conceptualized in a MULTI-DIMENSIONAL TEACHING-LEARNING
MODALITIES in DIFFERENT APPROACHES to make SCIENCE LEARNING as
MORE MEANINGFUL, RELEVANT and ENJOYABLE to the LEARNERS.
It is hoped that this “GIFT OF LOVE” from the SCIENCE EDUCATION
which has adopted the Benedictine Principle, ORA ET LABORA will in its
own little way, contribute to RESCUE and RESPOND to the CHALLENGES OF
EDUCATION in this COVID 19 PANDEMIC time to make SCIENCE
EDUCATION a contributory and essential factor in rebuilding the lives of
young citizens of the nation.
FOR GOD, FOR OUR COUNTRY, FOR PEOPLE/ SOCIETY and FOR THE
ENVIRONMENT, WE, THE SCIENCE TEACHERS ARE HERE TO SERVE.
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

QUARTER 1 WEEK 1
The Path of Light 5
Behaivior of Light 6
Reflection and Refraction 8
Colors and Heat Absorption 9
Soft and Loud Sound 11
QUARTER 1 WEEK 2
Investigating the Properties of Sound 13
Echo 13
How Heat is Transferred through Solid 14
How Heat is Transferred Through Liquid 15
How Heat is Transferred Through Air 16
QUARTER 1 WEEK 3
Forms of Energy 17
Chemical Energy 21
Electrical Energy 24
Sound Energy 25
Nuclear Energy 29
QUARTER 1 WEEK 4
Radiant Energy 32
QUARTER 1 WEEK 5
Contact Force & Noncontact Force 40
Force & Motion 41
Effects of Force on the Motion of an Object 42
Gravitational Force 43
Effects of Gravitational Force on the Motion of an Object 43
QUARTER 1 WEEK 6
Friction 48
Kinds of Friction 48
QUARTER 1 WEEK 7
The Magnets 58
Force Exerted by Magnets 60

ACTIVITIES 62
REFERENCES 88
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY (MELC)-BASED

IN SCIENCE GRADE 4
THIRD (3rd ) QUARTER FOR WEEK 1-2
Proponents: Elvie C. Silvestre, Jeric G. Pangilinan

Week 1-2 Investigate the characteristics/properties of Light, Heat and Sound.

PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT

Many scientists have been studying the nature of light. Some say that light behaves like a
wave. Other scientists say that light behaves like a group of particles.

Let’s take a look!  Light always travel in a straight line

when going through a single
medium, any substance through
which a light wave can travel.

 In some media, such as air, light

travels quickly. In other media, such
as water and glass, light travels more
slowly.

Uses of Light

 The nature of light made inventors harness it to be used in various technologies like
5

laser and optical fiber.

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A laser is a narrow but powerful beam of

light. It can travel long distances and still
focus on a small area.

 We use laser light when we store information

on a CD. It is also used to read bar codes on
stores and other establishments.. It is used in
printers and scanners.

 Laser light has a great deal of heat

energy. In industry, it is used to cut, drill
and bond materials together. In
medicine, doctors use laser to treat
certain problems with internal organs,
eye and the skin.

Optical fibers on the other

hand are very thin glass or
plastic fibers that are bundled
together in a coated flexible tube.

 Optical fibers are made from

transparent materials that transmit
visible, ultraviolet and infrared light.

 They can carry quickly travels long

distances that can be used in
communication, medicine and industry.
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 Republic of the Philippines
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.
Lights have different behavior as it strikes in different
materials. It depends upon the materials use whether
it is Transparent, Translucent or Opaque.

Transparent materials transmit light easily because of its smooth and clear surface. Other
transparent materials are clear plastic, lenses, glass and window panes.

Translucent materials can transmit, absorb and blocks the light. This material scatter the light
from its source.

Opaque materials do not allow light to pass through. With this material the light may absorb
and block.
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 Republic of the Philippines
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REGION III
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How Light Interacts with Different Materials

Reflection is the bouncing back by a body or surface without absorbing it.

Refraction is the bending of light as it travels from one type of material to another like
from one type of material to another like from air to water.

Remember!
 Light bends as it passes from some objects
when viewed at an angle. The light travels
slower in the water and glass than in air.

 As the light changes speed , it changes

direction resulting in what appears to be
bending of light.
8
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 When light hits an object, some parts of the light absorbed by that object and
some are back. Absorption happens when light gets through the object.
Reflection happens when the light that hits an object is bounced back by the
object.

 When we see an object, what we are seeing is the reflected light.

So how do we see different colors?

 When we see a red object, it means

that only the color red is being
reflected by the object. A red object
absorbs all the colors of light except
for the red color. All other colors are
absorbed by the red object

.
Black and white colors are different from other colors. White is a combination of all
the colors. When we see a white object, it means that the object is reflecting all other
colors of the light at the same time.
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Black on the other hand, is the absence of reflected color. When we see black object, it means
that the object is absorbing almost all the colors of light and none of the visible colors are
reflected.

 The amount of heat an object

absorbs or reflects depends on its
color. The more colors an object
absorbs, the more heat is absorbed.

 The more colors an object reflects,

the more heat is reflected. Thus,
objects that absorb more colors also
absorb more heat, making them
hotter.
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 When a colored fabric absorbs light, it turns the light into thermal energy. The more
light the fabric absorbs, the more thermal energy it produces.

 Black fabric absorbs all the colors of the light and is therefore warmer than white
fabric which reflects all colors.

PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND

The loudness of a sound a sound refers to how strong the sound seems to us when it
reaches our ears. Loud sound also means intense sound. Sound loses intensity as it spreads
outward in all directions from the source. So the loudness of a sound decreases between a
person and the source of the sound.

The softness and/or loudness of sound is called volume. If you control the volume of
energy source of the sound, you can have varying degree of loudness.
Science 4 5 Learner’s Material
Science 4 Teacher’s Guide,
The sounds that you hear may vary in different ways. Some sounds may be too loud
Science 5 Learner’s Material
while others
Science may Guide,
4 Teacher’s be too soft. The volume of a sound depends on the strength of a
vibration. The application of a stronger force causes a louder volume of sound. A lesser
https://google.com
force makes a softer sound.

Examples of objects/materials that produce loud sound

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Examples of materials/object that proroduce soft sound

When you describe a sound, the first

thing you think about is loudness. You
whisper around a sleeping baby, but
might give all out shout when your
favorite basketball player scored in a
crucial end-game. Loudness is a
measure of how strong a sound seems
to us. If we apply greater force in an
object, we produce loud sound. If we
apply lesser force in an object, we
produce soft sounds.
12
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If you are far from

the source of a sound it
will not sound as loud as
if you were standing
nearer to it. The sound
is heard louder if we are
near the source and the
gradually fades or
becomes softer as we
move away from it. The
sound does not lose
some of its energy as it
travel through air. The
energy just spreads out
to cover a larger area.

When you shouted, part of

the sound waves you created hit
an opposing hard wall or surface.
Part of the sound was reflected
by the wall that is why you heard
the same sound again. The sound
that is reflected or returned
sound is what we call echo. We
cannot hear an echo if we are too Reflected sound
close to a big hard wall. The
sound we made bounces back
very fast and it mixes with the
original sound. We cannot tell
which the original sound is and
13

which the echo.

Original sound
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PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAT

The transfer of heat through solid

materials is called CONDUCTION. The heat
from the lamp makes the atoms of the
bottom of the nail to vibrate faster.
Conduction is the heat transfer through a
substance or from a substance to another
by direct contact. Everything is made up of
small particles. When the particles are
moving faster, there is more energy and
the temperature is higher. As fast-moving
particles touch slowly-moving particles, the
energy is transferred. This causes slower
particles to speed up and the transfer
particles to slow down.

There are materials that allow heat to flow through easily. We

call them CONDUCTORS. Metal are good conductors.
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There are materials through which heat passes slowly or not at

all. We call these insulators. Some insulators are wood, plastic,
and ceramic.

Convection is the transfer of heat

from one place to another by
movement of in fluid. Fluids include
liquids and gases. Convection involves
the motion of fluids in current. When
water is heated in a kettle, the
molecules at the bottom get heated
first. The heated molecules move and
rise pushing the top molecules, which
are cold, to the bottom. The colder
molecules sink, get heated at the
bottom, and move up. Warm fluids
rises and cold fluid sinks forming
currents. This movement continues
until the fluid is evenly heated and you
15

see bubbles forming.

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Heat can also be transmitted across

empty space or vacuum. This is called
RADIATION. Radiation does not depend on
the presence of matter to transfer heat.
The heat we receive from the sun is
radiant energy. Radiant energy travels as
waves through space. Heat waves hit Earth
and cause warming. Our atmosphere traps
the warmth. Your house gets warm when
the sun’s waves or rays travel through a
window and are trapped in your house.
Heat waves are invisible. All warm objects
radiate or give off heat waves.

Reviewed by:
16

DR. CONRADO C. DOMINGO

EPSvr SCIENCE
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MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY (MELC)-BASED

IN SCIENCE GRADE 4
THIRD (3rd ) QUARTER FOR WEEK 3-4
Proponents: Alona B. Fabian, Cherryan V. Sapon

Week 3-4: Describe the forms of energy and their uses (e.g., chemical, electrical, thermal,
mechanical, sound, radiant and nuclear).
What is Energy?
 Energy is in everything around us. It is in the air you breathe, the water you drink and
the food you eat. It is in the trees that grow as well as the wood we use after the tree
is dead.
 Energy is the power to change things. It can make things hot or cold, it can make
things move or stop, it can grow things and shrink things.
 Energy is the ability to do work and can produce: Warmth, Light, Sound, Movement,
Growth or Powers Technology.
 Energy cannot be destroyed or created. It can only be transformed. This is Law of
Conservation it is also called the First Law of Thermodynamics.
 Some energy is always lost in a transfer. No energy transfer is 100% efficient which
means some energy is always wasted when transferred.

Forms of Energy
Basically all of the known energy on the Earth comes form the Sun, but there are many
different kinds or forms of energy. All of forms of energy measure the ability of an object or
system to do work, therefore there are different ways that an object or a system can have
energy.

Energy can be transformed, transferred or changed into other forms of energy.

Energy transfers are never 100% efficient.

There are various forms of energy. Here are some of them and their uses:

Gravitational Energy - Energy an object or substance has because of its position. Energy stored
in an object's height. The higher and heavier the object, the more gravitational energy is
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stored.
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Examples: Water held by a dam, a boulder at the edge of a mountain, roller coasters, a
skateboard on the top of a ramp.

Nuclear Energy - Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. Holds the atom together. The
energy that holds the nucleus together. Splitting an atom (fission) releases the stored energy.

Examples: Nuclear bomb, nuclear power plant.

Chemical Energy - Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. It holds molecules
together.In plants photosynthesis breaks down carbon dioxide and water and converts it into
chemical energy.

Examples: Food, gas, batteries, coal, wood, oil and other fuels.
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Electricity/Electrical Energy - Caused by the movement of electrons. Electricity id delivered by

tiny charged particles called electrons, usually moving through a wire.

Examples: Found in generators, devices connected by wires (TV, phones, computers) lighting,
the brain, electric eels, static electricity.

Radiant Energy - (Light) electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves. Waves that
emit energy.

Examples: Light, sunshine, waves from a radio, television, gamma rays, x-rays.

Sound - Movement of energy through substances in the form of longitudinal/compression

waves. Sound is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate. Usually
energy in sound is far less than other forms of energy.

Examples: Music, voices.

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Thermal Energy - Is the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within
substances. As an object is heated, its atoms and molecules move and collide faster. The
result of the transfer of of thermal energy is called heat. Geothermal energy is the thermal
energy in the Earth.

Examples: Volcanoes, geyser, fire, the Sun's heat, the result of energy transfers such as
batteries, electricity or fuels.

Mechanical Energy is a combination of potential and kinetic energy especially manifested in

moving mechanical things like moving vehicles, flowing water, blowing wind.

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Reference:
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Chemical energy is the energy of matter due to its chemical composition. It is stored in the
bonds that connect atoms with other atoms and molecules with other molecules. Because
chemical energy is stored, it is a form of potential energy.

When chemical reaction takes place, the stored chemical energy is released.

Heat is often produced as a by-product of a chemical reaction.

UNDERSTANDING CHEMICAL ENERGY

After eating a big candy bar, you might notice that you have lots of energy. This is because
the foods you eat contain chemical energy, or energy that is stored in chemicals and released
when broken apart or rearranged.
These chemicals come in the form of atoms or molecules. Atoms are the smallest unit of any
object in the universe that link together to form molecules. When bonds between molecules
break apart, they rearrange themselves and release chemical energy. This process is known as
a chemical reaction.

HOW IS CHEMICAL ENERGY USED?

Chemical energy is the most widely used type of energy in the world, as it is crucial to the
existence of humans and the natural world.
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Here are some examples of chemical energy in action:

FUELS

Fuels have chemical energy because they

can be burned.

ACIDS

Acids have the chemical energy to dissolve

metals and other substances.

WATER

Water has the chemical energy to

dissolve almost all substances to
a certain degree.
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FOODS

Foods have the chemical energy to

build
and repair our body tissues. The food
that we eat contains stored chemical
energy. As the bonds between the
atoms in food loosen or break, a
chemical reaction takes place and
.new compounds are created. The
energy produced from this reaction
keeps us warm, helps us move, and
allows us to grow.
Different foods store different
amounts of energy.

METALS

Metals have the chemical energy to

support large masses or cut
other substances.

The OXYGEN OF THE AIR has the chemical energy to

support combustion and corrode certain metals.
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Electrical Energy is the energy that comes from the transfer or flow of electrons from one
material to another. It caused by moving electric charges called electrons. The faster the
charges move, the more electrical energy they carry.

Electrical energy is energy that comes from electrical potential energy. This energy is
generated by the movement of positive and negative particles or electricity. Once electrical
energy leaves its source, it is instantly transformed into a different kind of energy.

How do we use electrical energy?

People use electricity for lighting, heating, cooling, and refrigeration and for operating
appliances, computers, electronics, machinery, and public transportation systems.

Some things use electricity from the mains like:

Washing machines, refrigerators, televisions, microwave ovens etc…

Some things use electricity from batteries like:

Flashlights, cellphones, watches, remote controlled toys, wireless microphones etc…

All batteries convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. This is achieved through
causing electrons to flow whenever there is an external conductive path between the cell's
electrodes. ... When connected to an appropriate charger, cells convert electrical energy back
into potential chemical energy

Mains electricity - the general-purpose alternating-current electric power supply. It is the

form of electrical power that is delivered to homes and businesses, and it is the form of
electrical power that consumers use when they plug items such as domestic appliances,
televisions and electric lamps into wall outlets.

battery - a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy. The
chemical reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one material (electrode) to
24

another, through an external circuit. The flow of electrons provides an electric current that
can be used to do work.
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Sound is the movement of energy through a substance – like air or water – and is caused
by vibrations. Solids, liquids and gases transmit sound as waves.

What is sound energy?

Sound energy is the movement of energy through a substance in waves.

25
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How does sound energy travel?

Sound energy travels in the form of waves. Unlike light energy, sound cannot travel through a
vacuum, because there are no atoms to transmit the vibration.

Sound can be transmitted by solids, liquids and gases, as these all have atoms to pass on the
vibrations.

How is sound energy produced?

Sound energy is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate. The energy
is then transferred through the substance in waves, called sound waves.

Sound waves, like Mexican waves, can only travel if something passes the wave on

What are some examples of sound energy?

You can produce sound energy right now!

26
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Here are some examples of how:

Talk or sing Clap your hands

Stomp your feet Play a musical instrument

27
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Music is a form of sound energy.

Sound energy is the movement of energy through a substance in waves.

A vacuum is a space that contains absolutely no matter.

Vibrations are what cause sound energy.

Speedy Summary

Vocal sound energy is created when expelled air from our lungs passes through the vocal
folds.

Sound energy is the movement of energy through a substance – such as air or water – in the
form of waves. It is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate.
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Reference:
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Nuclear Energy

Nuclear energy comes from the nucleus of atoms. The energy is released by nuclear
fusion (nuclei are fused together) or nuclear fission (nuclei are split apart). Nuclear plants use
nuclear fission of a radioactive element called uranium to generate electricity.

Atoms are extremely small. Usual sizes are around 100 picometers.

Where does nuclear energy come from?

Atoms – the particles that make up every object in the universe – consist of neutrons, protons
and electrons. They contain a nucleus, which is where nuclear energy comes from.

Nuclear energy is released from an atom through either:

 Nuclear fusion, when nuclei of atoms are combined or fused together. This is how the Sun
produces energy.
 Nuclear fission, when nuclei of atoms are split apart. This is the method used by nuclear
plants to generate electricity.

What is uranium?

Uranium is a radioactive element that was formed when the Earth was first created. It occurs
naturally in certain types of rock.

Uranium is one of the few elements that is easily fissioned, so is used as fuel by nuclear power
29

plants. Although uranium is found all over the world, it is still a non-renewable energy source.
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When an atom splits into two parts, it releases energy. This process is known as fission.

What happens during nuclear fission in a nuclear plant?

A particular form of uranium – called uranium-235 – is most commonly used for energy
production, as its nucleus splits easily when it is bombarded by a neutron.

Here's what happens during a nuclear fission reaction:

1. The nucleus of a uranium atom is bombarded by a neutron, causing it to split into two
atoms
2. At the same time, energy is released as heat and radiation
3. As a result of the fission reaction, more neutrons are released
4. These neutrons then start bombarding other uranium atoms, so the process keeps
repeating itself. This is called a chain reaction

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Follow the path uranium takes from a raw mined resource to becoming a fuel rod used to
create electricity.

Nuclear energy is a non-renewable energy source that comes from the nucleus of atoms.

Nuclear fusion is when the nuclei of atoms are combined or fused together.

Nuclear fission is when the nuclei of atoms are split apart.

Nuclear power plants produce electricity by using nuclear fission.

Uranium is a naturally-occurring radioactive element found in rocks all over the world.

The uranium fuel cycle is the name given to the process of mining the uranium ore, using it in
a nuclear reactor, then disposing of it.

Cool Facts
Every 18-24 months, a nuclear power plant must shut down in order to dispose of its used
uranium fuel, which becomes radioactive waste.
Cool Facts
Nuclear energy is used in more than 30 countries around the world.

Cool Facts
Every 18-24 months, a nuclear power plant must shut down in order to dispose of its used
uranium fuel, which becomes radioactive waste.
Cool Facts
Nuclear energy is used in more than 30 countries around the world.
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An international symbol of radiation.

Nuclear energy comes from the combining (fusion) or splitting apart (fission) of the nucleus of
atoms. In nuclear power plants, the radioactive element uranium undergoes nuclear fission to
produce electricity.

Reference:
https://www.solarschools.net/knowledge-bank/energy/types/nuclear

Radiant Energy
The term radiant energy refers to energy that travels by waves or particles,
particularly electromagnetic radiation such as heat or x-rays. Radiant energy is created
through electromagnetic waves and was discovered in 1885 by Sir William Crookes. Fields in
which this terminology is most often used are telecommunications, heating, radiometry,
lighting, and in terms of energy created from the sun. Radiant energy is measured in joules.

What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?

Have you observed a rainbow after it rains? All those colors of light are a small part of
the electromagnetic spectrum and the only part we can see. We see the light from the sun,
32

but don't necessarily see the heat. Heat is known as infrared light. Some of the other forms of
radiant energy you may know are ultraviolet light, x-rays, gamma rays, microwaves and radio
Page

waves. All these forms of radiant energy travel in waves at the same speed but each forms'

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waves are different in size. Radio waves are very large, low energy waves traveling through
the air (though we can't see them) in comparison to x-rays that are small, high energy waves.

A rainbow is radiant energy we can see

How is it used?
Sir William Crookes discovered the electromagnetic spectrum in 1885. That's over
130 years ago! Scientists are still studying and learning about radiant energy, how it works
and how we can use it. Radiant energy is an important part of our world. Telecommunications
like wireless networks, remote controls, heating, lighting, and branches of the medical field
such as laser surgery and radiation therapy are just a few examples of our current
technological uses of radiant energy.

Radiant energy is electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves. Radiant

energy includes visible light, xrays, gamma rays and radio waves. Light is one type of radiant
energy. Sunshine is radiant energy, which provides the fuel and warmth that make life on
Earth possible.

Radiant energy

Radiant energy is a form of electromagnetic energy. It can take the form of visible waves –
which is what we call light energy – or invisible waves such as radio waves or x-rays.
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What is radiant energy?

Radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic waves. These waves can travel through
space.

Electromagnetic radiation is made up of tiny particles called photons – think of them as little
packets of energy.

Light energy is a form of radiant energy that is visible to the human eye.

Does the Sun produce radiant energy?

Yes, the Sun produces a lot of radiant energy, which is transmitted to Earth as light.

Plants convert the electromagnetic energy in sunlight into chemical energy for their food,
through a process called photosynthesis.

What is light energy?

Light is a visible form of radiant energy that travels in waves. It is the only form of energy that
can be seen by the human eye.

Aside from the Sun, light energy is given off by other stars, light bulbs, lasers and hot objects.
Light energy is very useful, as it helps us to see the world around us.

Light energy is also very fast – in fact, nothing travels faster!

What are some examples of radiant energy?

The electromagnetic waves that transmit radiant energy can come in all sorts of forms. Light
waves are the only type we can see with our eyes.
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Here are some examples of radiant energy:

Sunshine Solar cells*

X-rays Radiant heating systems

*Solar cells or panels convert radiant energy from the sun into electricity.
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Short electromagnetic waves contain more energy than long ones.

Radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic waves.

Radiation is the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves.

Light energy is a type of radiant energy that can be seen by the human eye.

The Sun is the closest star to the planet Earth and radiates light energy.

Speedy Summary
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Lightning is a flash of bright light in the sky that is created by an electrical discharge moving
between clouds or from clouds to the ground.

Radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic waves. These waves can travel through space
and include light waves – the only kind that are visible to humans.

The term radiant energy refers to energy that travels by waves or particles, particularly
electromagnetic radiation such as heat or x-rays. Radiant energy is created through
electromagnetic waves and was discovered in 1885 by Sir William Crookes. Fields in which
this terminology is most often used are telecommunications, heating, radiometry, lighting,
and in terms of energy created from the sun. Radiant energy is measured in joules.

Virtually anything that has a temperature gives off radiant energy. Some examples of radiant
energy include:

 The heat emitted from a campfire

 Emission of heat from a hot sidewalk
 X-rays give off radiant energy
 Microwaves utilize radiant energy
 Space heaters produce radiant energy
 Heat created by the body can be radiant energy
 Lighting fixtures
 Home heating units
 Fixtures that convert solar energy to heat
 Visible light
 Gamma rays
 Radio waves
 Electricity
 A surface heated by the sun converts the energy of the light into infrared energy which is a
form of radiant energy
 Cell phones utilize radiant energy to function
 Magnetic motor generators that utilize neodymium magnets create radiant energy
 Audio signals that come to home or cars via radio waves

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Ultraviolet light
 Infrared radiation
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 The light emitted from a campfire

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 The light generated from a light bulb

 A heated brake disc giving off heat
 The heat from a grill used for cooking
 Water can reflect or absorb radiant energy
 Soil can absorb radiant energy
 Light from the sun
 Heat emitted from a burner
 Heat from an overused computer
 Heat caused by friction
 Heat emitted from a dryer
 The heat generated by a light bulb
 Heat generated through reflection of visible light
 A window reflects radiant energy
 Heat created from a stove or oven
 Heat emitted from a washing machine

Radiant energy is a form of kinetic energy. Kinetic energy refers to the movement of the
energy whether is of atoms, molecules, waves, substances or objects. Other forms of kinetic
energy include thermal energy, sound, motion energy and electrical energy. Without radiant
energy, like that from the sun, life on Earth would not be possible.

Radiant energy is the result of a change in configuration of electrons. It can travel through any
substance including air, liquid, glass, and space. However, matter is not necessary for
transmission of radiant energy. Even in a vacuum environment, radiant energy can move.

Radiant energy moves in a straight line at a very high speed and can be absorbed, transmitted
or reflected. Radiant energy is reflected if the object receiving the energy cannot absorb it. If
the energy is only partially able to penetrate the object, then it is absorbed. The energy is
transmitted if an object cannot absorb it.

All of these examples help to better explain the important concept of radiant energy.

Reviewed by:
38

DR. CONRADO C. DOMINGO

EPSvr SCIENCE
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MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY (MELC)-BASED

IN SCIENCE GRADE 4
THIRD (3rd ) QUARTER FOR WEEK 5
Proponent: Rose Ann G. Salgado

Week 5: Demonstrate a situation to prove that certain forces affect the motion of objects.

FORCE

FORCE - defined as either a push or a pull. It makes objects move.

“When you push an object, you use force to move it away from you.”

“When you pull an object, you use force to move it towards you.”

Many of the activities you do involve pushing or pulling.

You push or pull a door to open or close it.

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You pull down the rope to raise a flag.

You push the television switch to turn it on or off.

What force can do?

Force can cause an object to start moving.

Force can cause an object to stop moving.
Force can also cause an object to change its direction.

TYPES OF FORCE

 CONTACT FORCE or DIRECT FORCE - a force that is applied when an object comes in
contact with another object. The activities you do every day often require contact
between you who exert force and the object on which the force acts. Whenever you
push or pull something, you are actually applying force and that force acts on the
object.

Examples:
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 NONCONTACT FORCE or INVISIBLE FORCE - a force that does not require physical
contact between objects.

Examples:

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE - the force exerted by Earth that

attracts objects toward it. The force of gravity acts on all objects on
Earth.

MAGNETIC FORCE - a force by which a magnet pulls or attracts

metals or magnetic objects without touching them.

REFERENCES
Textbook Electronic References
Science Works 4, pp. 187-188 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCz3q4VQDXs)
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0Uo14VDnBo)

FORCE AND MOTION

Many things around us can move. Movement is also called MOTION.

MOTION - movement from one position to another.

 “Motion can be fast or slow. This property is called SPEED.”

 “Motion can be BACK and FORTH, UP and DOWN, ROUND in a CIRCLE, STRAIGHT or
ZIGZAG.”

 “We can change the speed of our motion. We can go faster or slower.”
41

Everything needs a PUSH or a PULL to get it moving. This push or pull is called a FORCE.
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 “A force can also slow something down, or get it to change direction.”

Examples of force and motion:

REFERENCES
Electronic Reference
 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfeVlNL7d9U)

EFFECTS OF FORCE ON THE MOTION OF AN OBJECT

FORCE - defined as either push or pull.

MOTION - refers to a change in the position of an object.

“Our universe is full of motion. Motion refers to a change in the position of an object. An
object changes its position when acted upon by a force. Motion happens because of force.”
 The amount of force and weight of an object has an effect on how objects move. The
GREATER the force is applied to an object, the FURTHER and the GREATER the object
will move.

42

REFERENCES
Textbook
Page

 Science Journey 4, pp. 308-314

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GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

Have you ever wondered what keeps us from floating off into space?
Why are we going down after every jump?

GRAVITY - an invisible force that pulls you back to the earth.

SIR ISAAC NEWTON - a well-known scientist discovered

gravity about 300 years ago.

“The story is that, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree

towards the ground. At first, he thought, why didn’t the
apple go up? Then he realized that there was a force that
made it fall on the ground and he called it gravity. ”

Every object that has mass exerts a gravitational pull or force

on every other body of mass.
The size of the pull depends on the mass of the objects.
The bigger the object’s mass, the more gravity it will have.
The smaller the mass of the object, the less will be the
gravity.

REFERENCES

Electronic Reference

 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suQDwZcnJdg)

EEFECTS OF GRAVITATIONAL FORCE ON THE MOTION OF AN OBJECT

You know that all objects that are thrown upward fall. Gravity causes the object to fall
towards the earth. Think about what happens when you drop two objects with different
weights. Does one fall faster than the other? What if these two objects are dropped on the
43

moon, will it have a difference?

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On Earth, what goes up comes down. All objects are attracted toward
the center of the earth due to gravity. Gravity was observed by ISAAC
NEWTON. He recognized that an apple fell straight down because
Earth attracted it. He wondered whether this force might extend
beyond the trees, to the clouds, to the moon, and even beyond. He
hypothesized that the force on the apple must be proportional to its
mass.

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE is the force of attraction between all masses in the universe,
especially the attraction of Earth’s mass for bodies near its surface. The more distant the
body from the earth, the less gravitational force of attraction is.

Would AIR and MASS affect falling objects?

When you drop a plastic ball and a metal ball from the same height at the same time, the
balls fall to the ground. The force that acts on the objects is GRAVITATIONAL FORCE.

You observed that there is a difference in their falling

speed between the two balls. The ball with the greater
mass falls at a greater speed while the ball with the
lesser mass falls with the lesser speed.

You concluded that heavy objects fall faster than lighter

ones.

Try to drop two pieces of paper of the same kind and mass – one is crumpled and the other
one is not crumpled. Will it give the same result?
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You will observe that even the papers have the same mass; the crumpled paper will land on
the ground first.

“It is important to realize that objects falling on Earth must pass through AIR.”

When you drop the crumpled paper and the plain sheet of paper at the same height, you will
notice that the crumpled one lands on the ground first.

AIR offers RESISTANCE to the motion of an object.

AIR RESISTANCE acts against the motion of the plain sheet of paper more than it does against
the crumpled paper.

As the result, the air slows the plain sheet paper more than it does with the crumpled paper.

The speed of falling objects will be different on earth and on the moon.

“If the air is removed, the air resistance will disappear.”

When the hammer and feather is dropped on Earth at the same time, the hammer will fall
faster than the feather. Air resistance acts against the feather, which slows down its falling.

But if you drop the feather and the hammer at the same time on the moon, the hammer and
the feather will fall at the same speed.
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“The MOON has no air; therefore, there is no resistance acting on the falling object.”

Scientists have learned that when the effects of air resistance are removed, objects of
different weights fall at the same speed.

In addition, air resistance may be too small to matter for objects that are fairly compact. Over
short distances, such objects fall at the same speed.

When you throw an object upward, you apply force. What you throw up goes down because
there is a force that pulls the object to the ground. GRAVITATIONAL FORCE pulls down
anything toward the center of the earth. Objects fall toward the ground because of
gravitational pull.
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The direction and the amount of force

can be measured by a spring scale. A
SPRING SCALE measures the force of
gravity exerted on an object. The amount
of force needed to move an object
depends on the mass of an object.

The spring scale attached to an object

measures how much force you need to
use to lift the object. The force of gravity
exerted on an object is called the weight
of an object.

WEIGHT is measured in Newtons. The

spring scale shows that the direction of
gravity is downward. It also shows that weight is the downward force of gravity of an object.

REFERENCES

Textbook
 The New Science Links 6, pp. 304-308

Electronic Reference
 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1kVro7P1KE)

Reviewed by:

DR. CONRADO C. DOMINGO

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MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY (MELC)-BASED

IN SCIENCE GRADE 4
THIRD (3rd ) QUARTER FOR WEEK 6
Proponent: Krixia Mae R. Pagatpatan

WEEK 6: Infer the effect of friction on a moving object

Friction
The force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material
elements sliding against each other.
It exists between stationary object and the surface on which it’s resting.

Kinds of Friction

1. Static Friction- is the friction that exists between a stationary object and the surface
48

on which it's resting.

2. Fluid Friction- is the force that resists motion either within the fluid itself or of
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another medium moving through the fluid.

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3. Rolling Friction- is the force resisting the motion when a body rolls on the surface.
4. Sliding Friction- is a type of frictional motion between two surfaces in contact.

EXAMPLES:

STATIC FRICTION
A tightened bolt. If too loose, it may shake
loose and fall out. But if properly
tightened, there is strong static friction
between the threads of the bolt and the
nut, and it won’t come loose.
A bookmark in a book. It is supposed to
stay in place. But if the bookmark is slick
plastic, it may not have enough static
friction to hold its place and may fall out
of the book.
A car parked on a hill. The brakes apply
static friction to the wheel hubs, and the
wheels hold fast to the ground because of
static friction.
A towel hanging on a rack. We expect it to
stay put. However, if one end is too long,
we may come back to find the towel on
the floor, because the weight difference
overcame the static friction between the
towel and the rod.
Papers on a tabletop. We count on them
not falling off. However, enough wind
force or earthquake vibrations can
dislodge the papers and other objects,
overcoming the static friction force.

Examples:

FLUID FRICTION
Playing air hokey. Acts on the puck as it flies,
the hockey stick as it is reared back to either pass
the puck or to shoot it and on the player as he
49

glides across the ice. The fluids in the air act on

the objects and cause them to slow down.
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Water gliding. Friction is an integral part of

sledding and skiing. It determines how fast one
will go, based upon how much resistance is
created as the sled/skis rub against the snow. As
skis or sled move across the snow, they create
friction, thus causing the snow to melt and
become slippery.
Hang gliding. Takes place when you start high in
the air and you are running to hang glide off the
edge.

Skydiving. This force resisting motion through

a fluid is a type of friction that is often called
drag. ... As the speed of the object increases, air
resistance increases. When a skydiver jumps out
of a plane, gravity causes the skydiver to
accelerate toward the ground. As
the skydiver falls, his body pushes against the air.
Swimming must fight the effects of friction as
they push through the
water. Swimmers encounter frictional drag in
water, just as cyclists and runners
encounter frictional drag from the air pushing
against them.

EXAMPLES:

ROLLING FRICTION
Bike wheels that are thicker will lessen the
potential speed of the bike because there is a
greater wheel surface to create friction against
the surface which will slow the bike.

A skateboard set on a slight decline will

eventually stop itself because of the resistance
caused by the friction between the wheels and
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the surface.
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A soccer ball kicked across a grassy field will

slow more quickly than one kicked across a
smooth, hard surface because the rolling
friction is far greater on the field.

When a train goes around a curve there is

greater rolling friction.

A dump truck will have greater rolling friction

than a small car because the dump truck is a
heavier load bearing down on the wheel and
therefore causing greater rolling friction.

EXAMPLES

SLIDING FRICTION
A sled sliding across snow or ice. One of these
theories is that friction causes the liquid layer
of water to form on ice. Friction is the force
that generates heat whenever two
objects slide against each other.
The other theory is that ice is just slippery,
because the outermost layer never turns to a
solid.
If you rub your hands together for several
seconds, you'll notice that your hands. Your
hands come in contact and move against each
other, they produce friction.
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Sometime when a player is going for the ball

they slide on the ground (Slide Tackle) to cause
the other player to get off balanced and loose
the ball. When the player first
begins sliding, they have a lot of movement.

A card and an envelope when the card is being

slid into the envelope.

A sliding glass door against both the track in

which it is moving, and the other door.

References: https://www.ck12.org/physics/types-of-friction/lesson/Types-of-Friction-MS-PS/

Friction occurs because no surface is perfectly smooth. Rougher surfaces have

more friction between them. Heavier objects also have more friction because they press
together with greater force. Friction produces heat because it causes the molecules on
rubbing surfaces to move faster and have more energy.
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A pair of rough surfaces will have more friction than a pair of smooth surfaces, because the
“peaks” of one surface can fall into the “valleys” of the other, meaning that to keep moving
either something needs to break, or the surfaces would need to push apart briefly.

Friction occurs because no surface is perfectly smooth. Rougher surfaces have

more friction between them. Heavier objects also have more friction because they press
together with greater force. Friction produces heat because it causes the molecules on
rubbing surfaces to move faster and have more energy.

References: https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-
ideas/ApMech_p012/mechanical-engineering/effect-of-friction-on-objects-in-
motion#background
53

https://socratic.org/questions/how-does-friction-affect-an-object-s-motion
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Friction is a force which opposes the motion of an object over a surface. The force of
friction acts between the object and the surface.

Factors affecting Friction

1. Nature of surface in contact. (smoothness of the surfaces)
2. How hard the surfaces press together? Friction is less on a smooth surface.
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Friction is caused due to the interlocking of irregularities between two surfaces in

contact.
Smooth surfaces have minute irregularities between the two surfaces.’
Rough surfaces have larger irregularities between the two surfaces.
So force of friction is more if the surfaces are rough.

There are several ways to reduce friction:

Rough surfaces produce more friction and smooth surfaces reduce friction. Lubrication is
another way to make a surface smoother. Make the object more streamlined. Reduce the
forces acting on the surfaces. Reduce the contact between the surfaces.

FRICTION CAN BE REDUCED BY:

Using lubricants like powders or oils and grease.
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Using rollers or wheels

Using ball bearings

Oil or grease is applied between moving parts of machines to reduce friction

Rollers are used in luggage bags to reduce friction

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Wheels are used in vehicles to reduce friction

Ball bearings are point are used ceiling fans, bicycles and vehicles to reduce
friction

Friction depends partly on the smoothness of the contacting surfaces, a greater force
being needed to move two surfaces past one another if they are rough than if they are
smooth. However, friction decreases with smoothness only to a degree; friction actually
increases between two extremely smooth surfaces because of increased attractive
electrostatic forces between their atoms. Friction does not depend on the amount of surface
area in contact between the moving bodies or (within certain limits) on the relative speed of
the bodies. It does, however, depend on the magnitude of the forces holding the bodies
together. When a body is moving over a horizontal surface, it presses down against the
surface with a force equal to its weight, i.e., to the pull of gravity upon it; an increase in the
weight of the body causes an increase in the amount of resistance offered to the relative
motion of the surfaces in contact.

Reviewed by:
DR. CONRADO C. DOMINGO
57

EPSvr SCIENCE
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MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY (MELC)-BASED

IN SCIENCE GRADE 4
THIRD (3rd ) QUARTER FOR WEEK 7
Proponent: Genepher M. Sulay

WEEK 7: Investigate how magnets interact with other materials.

What is magnets?

 Magnets can attract materials.

 Not all materials are attracted by magnets.
 Materials made of metals are those attracted by magnets.
 They may be made of iron, nickel and cobalt.
 Materials which are non metals are not attracted by magnets. These may be
made of rubber, plastic or wood.

Magnetism: an invisible force that pushes or pulls things towards a magnet without needing
touch.
Magnitism cannot be seen, but the way it acts can be seen!
Properties: observable characteristics that help us understand how something works
Attract: a magnet’s pull
Repel: a magnet’s push
Iron: a metal that has magnetic properties
North pole:One end of a magnet where the magnetic force strats. North pole will be
attracted to Southpole, but repel another North pole.
South pole: One end of a magnet where the magnetic force ends. South pole will attracted to
North pole, but repel another South pole.
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Types of Magnets

Magnets can be large or small, strong or weak

Permanent magnets always have an active magnetic field. This means that they are always
attract certain metals with their magnetic power.

Temporary magnets can be turned on and off.

Magnetism is invisible!

Magnetism comes from minerals that are found on Earth.There are so many of these types of
minerals found on Earth, that the Earth itself is a GIANT MAGNET!

Magnetism can used to push or pull objects even when those objects are not in contact with
one another.

Magnets have specific properties that we can observe and we can use those observations to
make predictions about how othe magnets wil behave.

Magnets also come different shapes. For instance, this is called a horseshoe magnet because
it’s shaped like a horseshoe. The two poles are side by side.

Horseshoe Magnet

This magnet is a bar magnet is a bar magnet. The two poles are are on opposite ends. Bar
magnets and horeshoe magnets, as well as the magnets that’s within Earth, are permanent
magnets. There is no on/off switch for them.
59

Bar Magnet
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What is an Electromagnets?

Electromagnets

An electromagnet is a special kind of temporary magnet that’s made by combining

electricity with certain types of metal (usually iron or steel) to create a magnetic field. This
field, or the force than can attract and refel things, can be turned on and off. In this way, it’s
different from permanent, natural magnets.

When the poles of the the two magnets are put near each other, they have force that
will either pull them together or push them apart. If the poles are different, then they will pull
them together ,attract each other .( One pole is a south pole and one is a north pole.) If the
poles are the same,then they will push apart,or refel each other.(They are either both south
poles or both north poles.) The push and pull of a magnet is called magnetism.(Learning
Materials)

What is an magnetic force?

Magnetic force

The magnetic force is a consequence of the electromagnetic force, one of the four
fundamental forces of nature, and is caused by the motion of charges. Two object containing
charge with the same direction of motion have a magnetic attraction force between them.
Similarly, object with charge moving in opposite directions have a repulsive force between
them.(the ULTIMATE GEEK)

Force between magnets

60

Magnet exert force and torque es on each other due to the rules of electromagnetism.
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The forces of attraction field of magnets due to microscopic current of electrically charged

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electron orbiting nuclie and the intrinsic magnetism of fundamental particles (such as
electrons) that make up the material. Both of these are modeled quite well as tiny loops of
current called magnetic dipoles that produce their own magnetic field and are affected by
external magnetic fields. The most elementary force between magnets, Therefore, is the
magnetic dipole-dipole interaction.If all of the magnetic dipoles that make up two magnets
are known then the net force on both magnets can be determined by summing up all these
interactions between the dipoles of the first magnet and that of the second.

It is often more convenient to model the force between two magnets as being due to
forces between magnetic poles having magnetic charges smeared over them. Positive and
negative magnetic charge is always connected by a string of magnetized material, and
isolated magnetic charge does not exist. This model works quite well in predicting the forces
between simple magnets where good models of how the magnetic charge is distributed are
available.

Reviewed by:
DR. CONRADO C. DOMINGO
EPSvr SCIENCE
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WEEK 1-2 ACTIVITIES

A. Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not correct.

_____ 1.Light travels in a straight line.

_____ 2. The line that strikes a thick cardboard bends and find another way to pass through
it.
_____ 3. Light rays could not be blocked and they could pass through all types of materials
since they travel on a straight line.
_____ 4. A laser is a narrow but powerful beam of light capable of travelling far distances on
a straight line.
_____ 5. Optical fibers are used in communication, medicine and industry.

B. Directions: Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. Light travels in a _________________line when passing through a single medium.

a. curve c. straight
b. zigzag d. none of the above
2. When you _________________ the light with a thick cardboard, the light was not able to
pass through it.
a. blocked c. cleared
b. open d. unblocked
3. A _________________ is narrow but powerful beam of light that can travel long distances
and still focus on a small area.
a. Optical fibers c. X ray
b. Laser d. thermometer
4. A _________________ are very thin glass or plastic fibers that are bundled together in a
coated flexible tube that can carry information and quickly travels long distances.
a. Optical fibers c. X ray
b. Laser d. thermal scanner
5. When you aligned the cardboards with holes, the light was able to _________________ ?
a. there is no effect to the cardboard.
b. with the three holes aligned, the light was able to shut out.
c. with the three holes aligned, the light was able to blocked.
62

d. with the three holes aligned, the light was able to pass through it.
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C. Directions: Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. Materials that transmit light easily because of its smooth and clear surface are called
_________?
a. Opaque c. Translucent
b. Transparent d. Solid
2. Materials that do not allow light to pass through are called _________?
a. solid c. transparent
b. translucent d. opaque
3. What kind of material that can transmit, absorb and blocks the light?
a. Transparent c. Translucent
b. Opaque d. Solid
4. Which of the following materials does not belong to the group?
a. magnifying glass c. wood blocks
b. eyeglasses d. clear water bottle
5. All of the following materials are examples of?
door, big box, trees, concrete wall
a. gas c. transparent
b. translucent d. opaque

D. Directions: Write Fact if the statement is correct and Bluff if it is not correct.

1. Light travels in a straight line but sometimes it bounces back into the direction of the
source.
2. Water, windows, shiny metal and mirrors are just some of the many objects that reflect
light.
3. The bending of light is called reflection.
4. The light travels slower in the water and the glass than in the air.
5. Refraction shows in the illustration of a pencil submerged in a glass of water.

E. Directions: Write True if the statement is correct , if the statement is not correct, identify the
word that makes it in correct.

____________1. When light hits an object, some parts of the light absorbed and some are
reflected back.
____________2. Black is a combination of all the colors.
____________3. When we see black object, it means that the object is reflecting almost all
the colors of light.
63

____________4. The red, orange and yellow color will produce the least thermal energy
because they appear lighter or more like white.
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____________5. During warm days ,it is wiser to wear white because it absorbs less heat .

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F. Answer the following:

Give five examples of objects that produce loud sound.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Give five examples of objects that produce loud sound.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

G. Describe the sound that an object produces. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. _____________

2. ______________

3. ____________
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4. ______________

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5. ____________

H. Answer the following questions.

1. When sound waves travel through air and hit something, they __________________.
a. are always absorbed by what they hit
b. can be either absorbed or bounce off of what they hit
c. always bounce off of what they hit
d. never bounce off of what they hit

2. If sound waves hit each of these objects, which one would be the most likely to produce an
echo?
a. brick wall
b. carpeted floor
c. window covered with curtains
d.forest filled with trees.

3. Bob was standing in an empty 10 foot by 10 foot room that had no furniture in it. He
yelled, “Hello” but he didn’t hear an echo. What is one likely reason that he didn’t hear an
echo?
a. He didn’t yell loudly enough.
b. The sound waves were absorbed by the walls.
c. He wasn’t far enough away from the wall.
d. He was too far away from the wall.

4. True or False. Echo is the term used for the sound that is reflected back to its source.
a. True
b. False

5. True or Fale. Sounds travel through air in jumping motion.

a. True
b. False
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I. Answer the following.

1. Conduction is when heat can move through object by __________.
2. When heat moves through an object by conduction, it causes the atoms in the object to
move __________.
3. Heat always moves from _______ objects to ________ objects.
4. Materials that allow heat to flow through easily are called ____________.
5. Materials through which heat passes slowly or not at all are called _____________.
J. Answer the following. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of these is NOT a correct explanation for how convection works?

a. Hotter fluids rise above colder fluid.
b. Less dense fluids rise above denser fluids.
c. Colder fluids sink below hotter fluids.
d. Less dense fluids sink below denser fluids.

2. In which states (phase) of matter can convection happen?

a. solids,liquids,gases
b. liquids,gases
c. solids,gases
d. liquids only

3. A cup of hot soup is ________ a cup of cold soup.

a. denser than
b. less dense than
c. just as dense as
d. none of the above

4. What happens to a liquid when heated?

a. it remains the same
b. it increases in volume
c. it increases in temperature
d. it increases its water level.

5. Which of the following is NOT an example of convection in action?

a. your hand feels warm when held next to campfire
66

b. your hand feels hot when held above a campfire

c. The Earth has a magnetic field due to the movement of the outer core
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d. You feel a breeze on a hot day at the beach.

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K. Answer the following. Choose the correct letter.

1. Which of the following is NOT an example of radiation?

a. light
b. infrared
c. ultraviolet
d. sound waves

2. What kind of heat transfer is occurring when the sun warms the sand?
a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. density

3. the baby chickens kept warm from a heat lamps demonstrates this type of heat transfer.
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. none of the above

4. True or False. The sun directly heats the air in our atmosphere.
a. true
b. false

5. The reason why water boils causing the circular motion is due to?
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. none of the above

WEEK 3-4 ACTIVITIES

A. Tell if the following uses Potential energy or Kinetic energy.

_______________1. Water rushing downhill and carrying away rocks.

_______________2. Wind blowing and making trees away.
_______________3. Water stored in dams.
67

_______________4. A pencil on the table.

_______________5. A rock about to fall on the edge of a cliff.
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B. Identify what energy is exhibited in each picture.

________________

_____________________
_____________________

____________________ __________________

C. Directions: Match the words in Column A with their definition in Column B. Write the letter
on the blank.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

_____1. Electrical energy a. energy released from the splitting of

the nucleus of an atom
68

_____2. Sound Energy b. energy of matter due to its chemical

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composition

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_____3. Chemical Energy c. energy that comes from the transfer of

flow of electrons from one material
to another.
_____4. Nuclear Energy d. energy produced by a vibrating objects
_____5. Radiant Energy e. energy that radiates through space from
a central source

D. Identify the matters presented in the picture.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
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E. Show pictures of matters having chemical energy. Ask the students to identify each by
arranging the shuffled letters.

1. ESLFU 4. SDICA

2. TREAW 5. TLSAEM

3. SFDOO 6. IRA

F. Directions: Choose the correct answer. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided
before each number.

_____1. This is the energy of matter due to its chemical composition.

a. Kinetic energy
b. Chemical energy
c. Energy at rest
d. Potential energy

_____2. It has the chemical energy to dissolve almost all substances to a certain degree.

a. Fuel
70

b. Food
c. Water
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d. Metal

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_____3. It has the chemical energy that is needed to build and repair body tissues.

a. Food
b. Metal
c. Fuel
d. Acid

_____4. Chemical energy is present to this matter because they can be burned.

A. Water
B. Air
C. Fuels
D. Metals

_____5. These have the chemical energy to support large masses, or cut other substances.

a. Metals
b. Water
c. Foods
d. Acids

G. Draw a happy face under the picture which uses electricity and sad face to
those who do not use electricity.

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H. What are the things you know that is powered by electricity?

Find them in the puzzle. The words can be seen either horizontally, vertically or diagonally
(see attached word hunt).

O M S R G T W N N M

H I V N T E A C X I

A C A R O L S B D X

I R C E A E H S I E

R O U F S V I L S R

D W U R T I N T H M

R A M I E S G T W O

Y V C G R I M K A O

E E L E K O A E S V

R J E R D N C T H E

I R A A D Q H T E N

R O N T B B I L R P

O A E O D E N E R F

N V R R X U E A A Q

I. Directions: Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.

72

_____1. Electrical energy is the energy that comes from the transfer or flow of electrons from
Page

one material to another.

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_____2. To light houses, offices and schools, Electrical energy is used

_____3.Electrical energy is used to run a bicycle.
_____4. LRT and MRT is powered by electricity.
_____5.Electrical energy allows radio, TV, computers, washing machines to function.

J. Directions: Read each item carefully. Circle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is the energy produced by a vibrating object.

a. Electrical energy
b. Chemical energy
c. Sound energy
d. Nuclear energy

2. Sounds travel in the following medium except,

a. Air b. liquid
b. Solid c. vacuum

3. Which of the following produces loud sound?

a. roaring thunder c. water dripping
b. birds chirping d. wind blowing

4. The simplest and most obvious use of sound energy is for

a. Hearing c. smelling
b. Moving d. touching

5. Which of the following produces soft sound?

a. Truck’s horn
b. Water flowing through the stream
c. Thunder
d. Firecracker exploding

K. Multiple choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. How is nuclear energy produced?

a. Through the splitting apart of nucleus
b. Through the combination of a heavier atom with a lighter atom
73

c. Through bombardment of atoms

d. Both a and b
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2. Which of the following does not use nuclear energy?

a. Generation of electricity
b. Powering spacecraft
c. Powering Medical machines
d. Driving the truck

3. The splitting apart of a nucleus is called?

a. Fusion
b. Fission
c. Unite
d. Combine

4. When nuclei of atoms are combined or fused together it is called________.

a. Nuclear Fusion
b. Nuclear Fission
c. Nuclear Union
d. Nuclear Combination

5. Where does nuclear energy come from?

a. Nuclear energy is released from an atom

b. Nuclear energy is released from neuron
c. Nuclear energy is released from a molecule
d. Nuclear energy is released from electron

L. Use the picture in giving the uses of thermal energy.

1.

_________________________

2.

_______________________
74

3. ______________________
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4.

_________________________

5.

_________________________

M. Put a check √ on the statement that tells the importance of thermal energy in our everyday
living.

_______1. Cooking food for breakfast.

_______2. Drying clothes under the heat of the sun.

_______3. Washing hands regularly.

_______4. Producing steam to generate electricity.

_______5. Food drying for preservation.

N. Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.

________1. Thermal energy is the energy possessed within the object or within the system
due to movement of particles.

________2. Thermal energy is energy in the form of heat.

________3. . The word 'thermal' refers to heat.

_______ 4. People don’t need Thermal Energy in their everyday living.

_______5. Thermal Energy is used in food drying for the purpose of preservation.
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O. Look at the materials below.Write conductors or insulators on the blank provided for.

____________1.

____________2.

____________3.

____________4.

____________5.
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P. Answer the following.

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Q. Put a check if it is example of Radiant energy at cross if not.

________1.Light from the sun

________2. Heat emitted from a burner

________3.Heat from an overused computer

________4.Boy kicking a ball

________5.Heat caused by friction

________6.Heat emitted from a dryer

________7.The heat generated by a light bulb

________8.Car bumped on the tree

________9.Heat generated through reflection of visible light

________10.A window reflects radiant energy

WEEK 5 ACTIVITIES

A. Use the Venn diagram to differentiate contact force and noncontact force.

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Email Address: tarlac @deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

B. Answe this!

A delivery truck stopped in front of your house. They will deliver a Balikbayan Box which your
mother sent for you. The box is quite heavy for the delivery men to carry. What can you
suggest so that they can carry the box easier? List down two suggestions and describe the
effects of force on the movement of objects.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

C. Use the following objects to explain gravitational force or gravity.

1) leaves
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2) ball

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3) feather

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4) paper

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5) coin
79

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Page

___________________________________________________________________________

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

D. Answer the following questions to infer how gravity affects movements of objects and
people:

*A skydiver that jumps from a plane quickly falls towards the ground. When he opens his
parachute, he will slow down. Explain the forces that are acting on it.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

*Earth is attracted to the sun by the force of gravity. Why doesn’t the earth fall into the sun?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

*Why do objects fall toward the center of the earth?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

WEEK 6 ACTIVITIES

A. Fill in the blanks. Complete the column below.

Friction is
____________________________________________________________________.

Examples Types of Friction Characteristics

Static Causing object(s) to stay at
rest, no movement.
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
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 Republic of the Philippines
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Fluid Resists the movement of a

solid object through a fluid
(liquid or gas)

__________________________

B. Directions: Identify the kind of friction that is found between the two surfaces that are in
contact. Underline your answer.

1. 4.

rolling friction sliding friction

rolling friction sliding friction

2. 5.

rolling friction sliding friction

rolling friction sliding friction

3.

rolling friction sliding friction

81
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

B. Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. When a ball rolls over a surface, what kind of friction is produced?
a. rolling friction c. sliding friction
b. static friction d. fluid friction

2. Benedicto will be transferring their heavy sofa. In what kind of surface will he have the
hardest time in pushing the sofa?
a. shiny surface c. smooth surface
b. rough surface d. slippery surface

3. If you want to reduce friction on heavy objects, which of the following should you put
under them?
a. rollers c. carton board
b. sandpaper d. rough wood

4. What kind of friction is produced when two surfaces rub against each other?
a. rolling friction c. sliding friction
b. static friction d. fluid friction

5. Sliding friction is also called as

a. slippery friction c. rough friction
b. wet friction d. dry friction

C. Answer the following questions. Tell how friction affect the motion of objects in different
surfaces.

1. Will the skateboard move faster going downhill

or flat ground? Why do you think so?
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
______________.

2. Does the flag move more on a windy day or on a

still day with no wind? How do you know?
82

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Page

______________.

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

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 Republic of the Philippines
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3. Does the bicycle move faster on pavement or on

rough ground? What is affecting the movement?

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
______________.

4. Will the toy car roll better on the wooden floor

or the carpet? Why do you think so?

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
_____________.

D. Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer in the given choices.

1. Which direction does friction travel?

a. Same direction
b. Opposite direction
c. From the side
d. Upwards

2. Rodrigo will be transferring their cabinet. In what kind of surface will he have the
hardest time in transferring the cabinet?
a. rough surface
b. shiny surface
c. smooth surface
d. slippery surface

3. Your friend invited you to play and go to the park using bicycle. He was too excited to
play with you. In what kind of surface will be the easiest way for him to go the park
quickly?
a. rough surface
b. smooth surface
c. slippery surface
d. shiny surface
83
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Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

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Email Address: tarlac @deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

4. Which of the following is true?

I. Friction slows down a moving object.
II. Smooth surface has more friction.
III. Objects move slowly on a rough surface.
IV. Friction is not present in a smooth surface.
a. I,II c. I,III
b. II,III d. I,III,IV

5. Which has the least friction?

a. polished floor c. rough floor
b. sandy floor d. rubberized floor

E. Answer the following.

1. What does friction do?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________.
2. What must be applied to a non-moving object to overcome the friction between the
touching surface?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________.

3. How can you make objects move easily?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________.

4. What does friction affect?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________.

5. In what direction is friction force?

___________________________________________________________________________
84

___________________________________________________________________________
___________.
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Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

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Email Address: tarlac @deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

WEEK 7 ACTIVITIES

A. Answer the following.

85
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Email Address: tarlac @deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
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REGION III
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B. Write True or False.

____1. Magnetic field in magnets which are attracted to certain metals are visible.
____2. A magnet always has both north pole and south pole.
____3. Not all metals are attracted to magnet.
____4. gold ring and tin can are example of metals that are attracted to magnet.
____5. Safety pins, metal paper clip and needle are attracted to magnet.

C. Write True or False.

____1. All magnets have two north poles.
____2. If you break a magnet into two pieces, you will have two magnets with the same poles
(North and South poles)
____3. The pulling and pushing force is strongest at the north pole..
____4. Most objects with iron are attracted to magnets.
____5. Magnet repels an object made of paper.
D. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. How can you make two magnets repel?

a. Place the opposite poles near each other.
b. Place a thick object between the magnets
c. Place the same poles near each other.
d. Place the magnets in water or another liquid.

2. How could you tell if an object is magnetic?

a. The object changes color if a magnet is place near it.
b. The object jumps if a magnet is place it.
c. The object sticks to a magnet placed near it.
d. The object pushes away from a magnet place near it.
3. Which of the following objects is attracted to a magnet?
a. Gold ring
86

b. Steel cabinet
c. Aluminum bat
Page

d. Silver dollar

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
Email Address: tarlac @deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

4. How could you tell if an object is magnetic?

a. The object changes color if a magnets is placed near it.
b. The objects jumps if a magnet if placed near it.
c. The object sticks to a magnet placed near it.
d. The object pushes away from a magnet placed near it.

87
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Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
Email Address: tarlac @deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

REFERENCES

Science Learner’s Material pp.170-241

Science Teacher’s Guide pp. 233-277
Science Works 4, pp. 187-188
Science Journey 4, pp. 308-314
https://theteacherscafe.com/Science/Energy_Forms.php
https://www.solarschools.net/knowledge-bank/energy/types/sound
https://www.solarschools.net/knowledge-bank/energy/types/nuclear
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCz3q4VQDXs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0Uo14VDnBo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfeVlNL7d9U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suQDwZcnJdg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1kVro7P1KE
https://www.ck12.org/physics/types-of-friction/lesson/Types-of-Friction-MS-PS/
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-
ideas/ApMech_p012/mechanical-engineering/effect-of-friction-on-objects-in-
motion#background
https://socratic.org/questions/how-does-friction-affect-an-object-s-motion

88
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Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

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