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    Density and Pressure in Static Fluids

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    Tofik Mohammed
    1. Density is defined as mass per unit volume and specific gravity is the ratio of a substance's density to that of water. 2. Pressure in a fluid increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above. Pressure can be calculated using the formula P=ρgh, where ρ is the fluid density, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth. 3. Absolute pressure is the sum of gauge (measured) pressure and atmospheric pressure. In fluids, the smallest absolute pressure is zero as negative pressures correspond to suction rather than pressure.

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    Density and Pressure in Static Fluids

    Uploaded by

    Tofik Mohammed
    486 views4 pages
    1. Density is defined as mass per unit volume and specific gravity is the ratio of a substance's density to that of water. 2. Pressure in a fluid increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above. Pressure can be calculated using the formula P=ρgh, where ρ is the fluid density, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth. 3. Absolute pressure is the sum of gauge (measured) pressure and atmospheric pressure. In fluids, the smallest absolute pressure is zero as negative pressures correspond to suction rather than pressure.

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    Physics good note and worksheet

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    1. Density is defined as mass per unit volume and specific gravity is the ratio of a substance's density to that of water. 2. Pressure in a fluid increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above. Pressure can be calculated using the formula P=ρgh, where ρ is the fluid density, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth. 3. Absolute pressure is the sum of gauge (measured) pressure and atmospheric pressure. In fluids, the smallest absolute pressure is zero as negative pressures correspond to suction rather than pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    486 views4 pages

    Density and Pressure in Static Fluids

    Uploaded by

    Tofik Mohammed
    1. Density is defined as mass per unit volume and specific gravity is the ratio of a substance's density to that of water. 2. Pressure in a fluid increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above. Pressure can be calculated using the formula P=ρgh, where ρ is the fluid density, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth. 3. Absolute pressure is the sum of gauge (measured) pressure and atmospheric pressure. In fluids, the smallest absolute pressure is zero as negative pressures correspond to suction rather than pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    1.1.

    Density and Pressure in Static Fluids

    Density (ρ) is the quantity of mass (m) per unit volume (V) of a body with SI unit
    ⁄ and given by:

    Specific gravity (SG): is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of
    another substance which is taken as a standard. The density of pure water at C is
    usually taken as the standard and this has been defined to be exactly ⁄ .

    For example, the density of aluminum is ⁄ therefore, the SG of


    aluminum is
    ⁄
    ⁄

    Example:
    A solid sphere made of wood has a radius of 0.1 m. The mass of the sphere is 1 kg.
    Determine a) density and b) specific gravity of the wood.
    Solution:
    The volume of the sphere wood,

    a) The density of the wood,


    ⁄

    b) The specific gravity of the wood,


    ⁄
    ⁄

    1
    Pressure is the ratio of the force acting perpendicular to the surface area (A) on
    which the force acts. SI unit of pressure is , called Pascal (Pa). Another
    commonly used pressure unit is atmosphere (1atm) equal to which is
    the average pressure, exerted by the Earth’s atmosphere at sea level.

    The pressure produced by the column of fluid of height and density is given
    by:

    Note that:

     All points at same level in a fluid have same pressure.


     Fluid pressure increases with increase in the depth of the fluid.
     Fluid pressure does not depend on the shape of the container
    Therefore, equating the unknown pressure P to

    The pressure at point B, is .


    The difference in pressure is equal to .
    The pressure P is called the absolute pressure,
    The difference is called the gauge pressure.

    2
    The pressure at point B= The pressure at point A

    Absolute Pressure: because of Pascal’s principle the total pressure, or absolute


    pressure, is the sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure:

    In most cases the absolute pressure in fluids cannot be negative.

    Fluids push rather than pull,

    The smallest absolute pressure is zero.

    A negative absolute pressure is a pull.

    Thus the smallest possible gauge pressure is

    Example:
    1. A submerged wreck is located 18.3m beneath the surface of the ocean off
    the coast of South Florida. Determine the a) gauge pressure and b) absolute
    pressure on a scuba diver who is exploring the wreck. Note: the density of
    sea water is ⁄

    Solution:

    a) ( ⁄ )( ⁄ )( )
    b) ⁄

    3
    2. A 40-cm tall glass is filled with water to a depth of 30 cm. a) What is the
    gauge pressure at the bottom of the glass? b) What is the absolute pressure at
    the bottom of the glass?
    Solution:
    a) ( ⁄ )( ⁄ )( )

    b) ( ) ⁄

    3. Calculate the absolute pressure at an ocean depth of . Assume that


    the density of the water is ⁄ and that ⁄ .

    ( ) ⁄

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