System AL ICT

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Kiwik

Data – juT
juthdJ mbg;gil cz;ik fUj;Jf;fshFk.; (Basic raw facts)

cjhuzk; :

 ghlrhiyapd; ngaH
 gpwe;j jpfjp
 Copahpd; Kfthp

vz;fs; , vOj;Jf;fs; , glq;fs; (image) Nghd;wit juthFk;.

Information – jfty;

jfty; vd;gJ Kiwtopg;gLj;jg;gl;l kw;Wk; xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l xU njhFjp juthFk;.


cjhuzk; :

 ehisa thdpiy mwpf;if


 fle;j khjj;jpy; khztHfspd tuT ruhrup
 xU epWtd CopaHfspd; Fwpg;gpl;l khjj;jpw;fhd nkhj;jr;rk;gsk;

ey;y jfty; xd;wpd; gz;Gfs;


 cz;ikahdjhf ,Uj;jy;.
 Jy;ypakhdjhf ,Uj;jy;.
 KOikahdjhf or epiwthdjhf ,Uj;jy;.
 RUf;fkhdjhf ,Uj;jy;.
 nghUj;jkhd Neuj;jpy; fpilf;ff; $bathW ,Uj;jy;.
 cUthf;Ftjw;fhd nryT Fiwthdjhf ,Uj;jy;.
 nefpo;rr
; pg; Nghf;Filajhf ,Uj;jy;.

Processing – Kiwtopahf;fk;


juT Kiwtopahf;fk; jfty;
Data 
Processing Information

fzdp xd;wpy; juTfis or mwpTWj;jy;fis cs;sPL nra;J Kiwtopahf;fj;jpd;


gpd;dH jfty;fspid ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


Kiwtopahf;fj;jpd; tiffs;

Kiwtopahf;fk; gpd;tUk; 3 tiffspy; fhzg;glyhk;.

1. njhFjp Kiwtopahf;fk; - Batch Processing


2. njhluwh Kiwtopahf;fk; - Online Processing
3. epfo;Neu Kiwtopahf;fk; - Real Time Processing/Online Real Time
Processing

njhFjp Kiwtopahf;fk; - Batch Processing


juthdJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; Nrfupf;fg;gl;L gpd;dH xNu jlit
Kiwtopahf;fg;gLjiyf; Fwpf;Fk;.
cjhuzk; :

 Payroll System
 Electricity billing
 Bank Statement
mD$yq;fs;
* Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifahd njhopw;ghl;lirTfSf;F (Transaction) ,J rpwe;jjhFk;.
* Neuj;ij kPjg;gLj;Jk; cj;jpahFk;.

gpujp$yq;fs;
* jfty;fs; vg;NghJk; jahH epiyapy; fhzg;glkhl;lhJ.
* Nrfupf;fg;gl;l juTfis jw;fhypfkhf Nrkpg;gjw;F Nkyjpf Nrkpg;G mtrpak;.

njhluwh Kiwtopahf;fk; - Online Processing


juthdJ; Nrfupf;fg;gl;l clNdNa Kiwtopahf;fj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
cjhuzk; :

 Cash deposit ,Cash withdrawal


 Stock control system
mD$yq;fs;
* jfty;fs; vg;NghJk; jahH epiyapy; fhzg;gLk;.
* juTfis Nrkpj;J itg;gjw;F jw;fhypfkhf Nkyjpf Nrkpg;G mtrpakpy;iy.
* thbf;ifahsHfSf;F rpwe;j Nritia toq;f Kbjy;.

epfo;Neu Kiwtopahf;fk; - Real Time Processing

epfo;Neu Kiwtopahf;fk; njhluwh Kiwtopahf;fj;jpd; XH tpNrl tifahFk;. ,jpy;


xt;nthU Ntz;LNfhSf;Fkhd gjpy; mf; fzNk cldbahf ngwg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
mjhtJ Ntz;Liff;Fk; gjpYf;Fkhd Neu ,ilntsp kpf kpf FiwthFk;.

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


cjhuzk; : ATM (Automated Teller Machine) , AIRLINE TICKET RESERVATION
SYSTEM, TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM

Kiwik :-xU Fwpg;gpl;l Fwpf;Nfhis mila xU jpl;lj;jpd; gb xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l


kw;Wk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W rhu;e;j $Wfspd; xU xOq;fikg;ghFk;.

xU KiwikahdJ NkYk; gy $Wfshfg;gpupf;fg;gbd; mit cgKiwikfs; vdg;gLk;.

e.g:-Kiwik cgKiwik

kdpj cly; FUjpr;Rw;Nwhl;lj;njhFjp

rpWePufj;njhFjp

euk;Gj;njhFjp

,dg;ngUf;fj;njhFjp

Computer

Processor
Memory
Secondary storage

Kiwik vy;iy – System boundary

 Xt;nthU KiwikAk; #oYld; njhlHGWk; NghJ mjdJ vy;iyapidf;


nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
 Kiwik vy;iy Kiwik xd;wpw;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
 KiwikahdJ #oYld; njhlHGWk; NghJ #oypypUe;J NtWgLj;JtJ
Kiwikapd; vy;iy MFk;.

Kiwik xd;wpd; mbg;gilf;$Wfs;


cs;sPL >Kiwtopahf;fk;> tUtpisT

e.g:-Kiwik-ghlrhiy
cs;sPL-Mrpupau;fs;>khztu;fs;>mjpgu;>ngsjPf tsq;fs;
Kiwtopahf;fk;-fw;wy; > fw;gpj;jy; > ,izghltpjhd nraw;ghLfs;
tUtpisT- Nju;r;rp ngw;w khztu;fs; ntspNaw;wk;.

Kiwikfis ,dk;fhzy;
,aw;if Kiwik> kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Kiwik
1),aw;ifKiwik-,aw;ifahfNt cUthd Kiwik e.g:-tsp> epyk;> fly;>
kdpjf;FUjpr;Rw;Nwhl;lj;njhFjp

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


2)kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Kiwik-kdpjdhy; jdJ Njitapid eptu;j;jp nra;a
cUthf;fg;gl;l Kiwik

e.g:-xU ehl;bd; Nghf;Ftuj;J mikg;G> fl;llKiwik> ghlrhiyKiwik

jpwe;jKiwik> %baKiwik
1)jpwe;jKiwik- ,J Rw;Wr;#oYld; gy ,ilKfq;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,J
Kiwikapd; ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis Kiwikapd; vy;iyapD}lhf mDkjpf;fpd;wJ.
KiwikahdJ toq;Fgtu;fsplk; ,Ue;J cs;slP ;bid ngw;W ntspaPl;bid #oYf;F
mDg;Gfpd;wJ.

e.g:-ghlrhiy

2)%baKiwik- %ba KiwikahdJ #oypd; jhf;fq;fspypUe;J


jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ #oYld; vJtpj ,ilj;njhlu;GfisAk;
NgzKbahj Kiwik.

e.g:-FUjpr;Rw;Nwhl;lj;njhFjp> euk;Gj;njhFjp.

jfty; Kiwik – Information System


jfty; Kiwik xd;W gadH (user), juT (Data), Kiwtop (Processes),
,ilKfk; (Interface), tiyaikg;G (network) kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gk; (Technology) rhHe;j
XH mikg;ghFk;.
jfty; Kiwik tpahghu Njitnahd;wpd; ehshe;j nraw;ghLfis
Nkk;gLj;JtJld; gpur;rpid xd;iwj; jPHj;jy; kw;Wk; jPHkhdk; vLj;jy;
Mfpatw;wpw;fhfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
jfty; Kiwik xd;W gpd;tUk; 2 tiffshf fhzg;glyhk;.

1. iftop Kiw %ykhd jfty; Kiwik – Manual Information System


,J fljhrpfs; kw;Wk; Nfhg;G Nrkpg;G rhjdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwg;
gad;gLj;JtJld; iffshy; nra;ag;gLfpd;w nraw;ghLfisf; nfhz;ljhf
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

cjhuzk; :
 Library Book Index System
 Students Attendance Register System
 Book Keeping System
ed;ikfs;
 gad;gLj;Jtjw;F nefpo;rr; pj; jd;ik cilaJ. (Flexible)
 Muk;g , guhkupg;G nryT FiwT.

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


 ,yFthf ifahs KbAk;. (Easy to handle)
 gad;gLj;Jtjw;F mjpf njhopy;El;g mwpT Njitapy;iy.

jPikfs;
 gjpT xd;wpid (Record) Njbg;ngw mjpf Neuk; vLf;Fk;.
 fzpj;jy;fspy; jtWfs; Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F tha;g;G mjpfk;.
 gjpTfis mjpf fhyk; guhkupg;gjpy; Vw;gLfpd;w gpur;rpidfs;.

,k; Kiwapy; fhzg;glf;$ba FiwghLfis jtpHf;Fk; nghUl;L fzdp mbg;gilapyhd


jfty; Kiwikfs; ngUkstpy; gad;ghl;by; cs;sd.

2. fzdp mbg;gilapyhd jfty; Kiwik – Computer Based Information System


fzdp mbg;gilapyhd jfty; Kiwiknahd;W gpd;tUk; 6 gFjpfisf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
 td;nghUs; (Hardware – machine)
 nkd;nghUs;(Software – Instructions / Programs)
 kf;fs; (People – Programmer, Manager, User)
 nray;Kiwfs;/tpjpKiwfs; (Procedures / Rules)
 juTj;jsk; (Database -Data/Information)
 tiyaikg;G ( Network)
cjhuzk; :

 Stock Control System


 Payroll System
 ATM System
 Library System
 Purchasing System
 Sales System
 School Management System
 Banking System

fzdp mbg;gilapyhd rpy jfty; Kiwikfs;


Some types of Computer Based Information System
 njhopw;ghl;lirT Kiwtopahf;f Kiwik (Transaction Processing System) (TPS)

 mYtyf jd;dpaf;f Kiwik (Office Automation System) (OAS)

 Kfhikj;Jt jfty; Kiwik (Management Information System) (MIS)

 jPHkhd Jiz / cjtp Kiwik (Decision Support System) (DSS)

 epiwNtw;W cjtp Kiwik / epiwNtw;W jfty; Kiwik (Executive Support


System / Executive Information System ) (ESS / EIS)

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


 ty;YdH; Kiwik (Expert System / Intelligent Information System) (ES / IIS)

njhopw;ghl;lirT Kiwtopahf;f Kiwik (Transaction Processing System) (TPS)

 epWtdnkhd;wpd; ehshe;j nraw;ghLfis Mw;Wfpd;w jfty; Kiwik MFk;.

 ,J epWtdj;jpd; fPo;kl;l Kfhikapdhy; ifahs;if nra;ag;gLk;.

 epWtdj;jpd; njhopw;ghl;lirTfis Nrfupj;jy; , Nrkpj;jy; kw;Wk; kPsg;ngWjy;


Mfpatw;iw ,J Nkw;nfhs;Sk;.
cjhuzk; :

 Purchasing order
 Sales order
 Payroll processing
 Banking System

mYtyf jd;dpaf;f Kiwik (Office Automation System) (OAS)

 OAS MdJ epWtdnkhd;wpd; njhlHghly;fis jd;dpaf;fkag;gLj;Jfpd;w mNjNtis


Ntiyfis ,yFthf Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; cjTfpd;wJ.

 ,J epWtdj;jpd; midj;J Kfhik kl;lq;fSf;Fk; mtrpakhdjhFk;.

 ,J epWtdj;jpd; fPo;kl;l Kfhikapdhy; ifahs;if nra;ag;gLk;.


cjhuzk; :
 Telephone
 Fax
 Internet / E-Mail
 Intercom
 Video Conference
 Tele Conference
 Intranet
Kfhikj;Jt jfty; Kiwik (Management Information System) (MIS)

 ,j; jfty; Kiwik gpujhdkhf epWtdj;jpd; cs;sf jfty; %yq;fSld;


njhlHGgl;ljhFk;.

 NkYk; epWtdj;jpd; nraw;jpwd;kpf;f nraw;ghl;bw;F mtrpakhd jfty;fis


toq;Ffpd;wd.

 ,J epWtdj;jpd; ,il Kfhikapdhy; ifahs;if nra;ag;gLk;.

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


jPHkhd Jiz / cjtp Kiwik (Decision Support System) (DSS)

 ,j; jfty; Kiwik epWtdj;jpd; caH Kfhikapdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w


jPHkhdk; vLj;jypw;F (Decision making) Njitahd jfty;fis toq;Ffpd;wJ.

 NkYk; ,j; jfty; Kiwik epWtdj;jpd; ,ilkl;l Kfhikapdhy; ifahs;if


nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.(,J Neubahf jPHkhdk; vLj;jypid Nkw;nfhs;tjpy;iy.)

epiwNtw;W cjtp Kiwik / epiwNtw;W jfty; Kiwik


(Executive Support System / Executive Information System ) (ESS / EIS)

 ,j; jfty; Kiwik epWtdj;jpd; caHkl;l Kfhikapdhy; ifahs;if


nra;ag;gLfpd;w mNj Ntis jPHkhdk; vLj;jypid Neubahf Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ.

 ,j; jfty; Kiwik epWtdj;jpd; midj;J Kfhik kl;lq;fspw;Fk; Njitahd


mwpf;iffis (report) jahupg;gjpy; gq;fhw;Wfpd;wJ.

ty;YdH; Kiwik (Expert System / Intelligent Information System) (ES / IIS)

 nraw;if Ez;zwpT (AI) Kiwapy; mikf;fg;gl;l xU jfty; KiwikahFk;.

 ,J jHf;f uPjpapy; rpe;jpj;J gpur;rpid xd;wpw;Fupa jPHTfis Kk;nkhoptJld;


ty;YdHfspd; NjitfisAk; Fiwf;fpd;wJ. vdNt ,J mwpTrhH Kiwikfs;
vdTk; miof;fg;glyhk;
cjhuzk; :

 Financial Expert System


 Medical Expert System
Nkyjpf jfty; Kiwikfs;
Kaw;rp ts jpl;lkply; Kiwik (Enterprise Resource Planning System) (ERP)

 ERP MdJ xU epWtdj;jpw;F Njitahd xUq;fpize;j jPHTfshd jpl;lkply;,


Kfhik , kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghLfs;, Nghd;wtw;wpid toq;Ffpd;w jfty; KiwikahFk;.

 ,J epWtdj;jpd; re;ijg;gLj;jy; epjp cw;gj;jp, kdpjts Kfhik, ruf;fpUg;Gf;


fl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk;. tpepNahfk; Nghd;w gy;NtW nraw;ghLfspw;fhd jPHTfis
toq;Ffpd;wJ.
cjhuzk; :

Oracle , SAP

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


thbf;ifahsH cwT Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik
(Customer Relationship Management) (CRM)

 CRM MdJ tpahghu epWtdj;jpw;Fk; mjd; thbf;ifahsupw;Fk; kw;Wk; tpahghu


gq;Fjhuupw;Fk; ,ilapy; rpwe;j Nritfis toq;Fk; Kfkhf tbtikf;fg;gl;l
jfty; KiwikahFk;.
 ,jd; %yk; tpw;gid kw;Wk; re;ijg;gLj;jy; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfis kpfj; jpwk;gl
Mw;w KbAk;.
mwpTrhH Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik (Knowledge Management System) (KMS)

 ,t;tifahd jfty; Kiwikfs; juT/jfty;/mwpT Nghd;wtw;wpidf; ifg;gw;wp,


Nrfupj;J Njitg;gLfpd;w re;jHg;gq;fspy; mtw;wpidg;
gad;gLj;Jjy;/gpuNahfpj;jy;/gug;Gjy; vd;gtw;wpw;fhf tbtikf;fg;gl;litahFk;.
 ,jd; %yk; tpahghu epWtdq;fspw;F mtrpakhd juT/jfty;/mwpT Nghd;wtw;wpid
jpwk;gl epHtfpf;f KbfpwJ.

cl;nghjpe;j Kiwik (Embedded System)

 cl;nghjpe;j Kiwikfs; ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; rhjdq;fspy; cl;nghjpag;gl;L


mtw;wpd; nraw;ghLfis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
cjhuzk; :
 Electronic Car System
 Flight Control System
 Robot

Gtpapay; jfty; Kiwik (Geographic Information System) (GIS)

 Gtpapay; uPjpahd juTfis Nrfupj;J, Nrkpj;J , gFg;gha;T nra;J mtw;wpid


epHtfpg;gJ vd tbtikfg;gl;l jfty; Kiwikfs; MFk;.
cjhuzk; :
 Tsunami Early Warning System

cs;slf;f Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik (Content Management System) (CMS)

 CMS MdJ cs;slf;fq;fis Nrfupj;jy;(Contents), khw;wq;fis nra;jy; , gpuRupj;jy;


kw;Wk; guhkupj;jy; Nghd;w tplaq;fis Mw;Wtjw;Fk; tbtikfg;gl;lJ MFk;.
cjhuzk; :
Web content Management System
- Joomla ,Word press ,Drupal

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


tpdhf;fs;
1. gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; fUJf>
A-tu;j;jf epWtdnkhd;W xU %ba Kiwikf;F cjhuzk;.
B-cs;sPLfis tUtpistpw;F khw;WtJ Kiwtop vd miof;fg;gLk;.
C-KiwikahdJ vg;NghJk; fzpdp kag;gLj;jg;gLk;.

NkYs;s $w;Wf;fSs; rupahdJ.


1.Akl;Lk; 2. Bkl;Lk; 3. A, Bkl;Lk; 4. B, C kl;;Lk;

2. gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; fUJf
A-euk;Gj;njhFjp
B-FUjpRw;Nwhl;lj;njhFjp
C-rkpghl;Lj;njhFjp

NkYs;stw;wpy; jpwe;jKiwikahff; fUjf;$baJ?


1Bkl;Lk; 2.C kl;Lk; 3.A,B kl;Lk; 4.B,C kl;Lk;

3. Kiwiknahd;wpd; %baJ> jpwe;jJ njhlu;ghd gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; rupahdJ?


1.tq;fpnahd;wpd; jd;dpaf;f fhrspg;G ,ae;jpuk; xU %ba njhFjpahFk;.
2.nghJj;Njitf;fzpdp xU jpwe;j njhFjpahf fUjg;gLk;
3.#upa rf;jp cw;gj;jp Kiwik xU %ba Kiwikj;njhFjpahFk;;.
4.kdpjRthrj;njhFjp %ba Kiwikj;njhFjpahFk;.
5.nry;yplj;njhiyNgrp xU %ba njhFjpahFk;.

2011
1.gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ Kiwikapd; xU tifg;gLj;jyhFk;
1%baJk; fyg;Gk;(hybrid)
2.,aw;ifAk;(natueral)mikTWk;(Structured)
3.jpwe;jJk; > %baJk;.
4.jpwe;jJk;>mikTWk;
5.mikTWk>fyg;Gk;

2012
1.kdpjFUjpRw;Nwhl;lj;njhFjp tifg;gLj;jg;gLtJ?
1.,aw;if>milj;j njhFjpahf 2.nraw;if>milj;j njhFjpahf
3.nraw;if>jpwe;j njhFjpahf 4.,aw;if >jpwe;j njhFjpahf
5.,aw;if>nraw;if njhFjpahf.

2. gpd;tUk; gjq;fisf;fUJf.
A- cs;sPL B-tUtpisT C-Kiwtop D-Njf;fk;
Nkw;Fwpj;jtw;wpy; mit xU Kiwikf;F mj;jpahtrpakhdit?
1.A,B 2.A,B,C 3.B,C,D 4.A,B,C,D

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


3.kdpj clypd; gpd;tUk; njhFjpfisf;fUJf.
A-Rthrj;njhFjp B-rkpghl;Lj;njhFjp
C-euk;Gj;njhFjp D FUjpr;Rw;Nwhl;lj;njhFjp
,tw;Ws; %ba njhFjpfs; vit?
1.A,B 2.A,C 3 .B,C 4.B,D 5.C,D

4.epWtdnkhd;wpd; njhopyhsu;fspd; khjhe;j rk;gsg;gl;baypd; cUthf;fj;jpw;F


cjhuzkhf miktJ?
1.njhFjpr;nrad;Kiw(batch processing) 2.epfo;Neu nrad;Kiw(real time processing)
3.njhluhwr; nrad;Kiw(online processing) 4.gupkhw;wr;nrad;Kiw(transaction processing)
5.,ilj;njhlu;Gnrad;Kiw(interactive processing)

Kiwik tpUj;jp tho;f;if tl;l khjpup fl;lk;

 ePu;tPo;rr
; p
 RUsp khjpup(spiral)
 Agile process
 Kd; tbtk; (proto type)
 tpiuT gpuNahf mgptpUj;jp khjpup RAD
 ,izf;fg;gl;l mgptpUj;jp khjpup

Kiwik mgptpUj;jp Kiwapay; fl;lk;

 fl;likg;G(Structure)
 nghUs;Nehf;F(object oriented)

waterfall model

,k; khjpupapy; xt;nthU nraw;ghLfSk; fl;lk; fl;lkhf xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf gbKiw
tbtpy; eilngWfpwJ.

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


ePu;tPo;r;rp khjpupfspd; tiuglk;(original)

Nkw;fhl;lg;gl;l tiuglkhdJ ePu;tPo;rr


; p khjpupaj;jpd; cz;ikahd Muk;g tiuglkhdJ
ePu;tPo;r;rpapd; khjpupaj;jpd; cz;ikahd Muk;g tiuglkhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,j;
Njitg;ghLfis tiuaWj;jjpypUe;J guhkupj;jy; tiu xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf gbKiwapy;
khj;jpuk; ,lk;ngWk;.,q;F nraw;ghLfs; kPz;nlOk; jd;ik mw;wJ.
,t; Muk;gkhjpupahdJ eilKiwapy; rhj;jpaj;jd;ik Fiwthff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.,jdhy;
khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l ePu;tPo;rr
; p khjpupapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.,J kPz;nlOk; jd;ik
fhzg;gLk; vdpDk; gbKiw uPjpahfNt nraw;ghLfs; eilngWfpd;wd.

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


ePu;tPo;r;rp khjpupaj;jpd; FiwghLfs;

1.eilKiwapy; gadu;fspdhy; jkJ Njitg;ghLfis Muk;gepiyapy; Kw;WKOjhf


ntspg;gLj;JtJ fbdk;.

2.nkd;nghUs; mgptpUj;jp nray;gl;ljd; Kbtpd; khj;jpuNk gadu;fs; mjd; mDgtj;ij


ngwKbAk;.

3.midj;J NjitfisAk; mwpe;j gpd;dNu nkd;nghUs; tpUj;jpia Muk;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

4.gaduJ Njitfs; khw;wkilAk; NghJ ,k;khjpupapay; nghUj;jkw;wJ.

5..KbTg;nghUSf;F ePz;lfhyk; vLf;Fk;.

6.,k; khjpupapy; kPs; mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;F cfe;jjy;y.

RUsp khjpupak; Spiral Model

RUsp khjpupak; vd;gJ kPo;Row;rp tpUj;jp khjpupak; kw;Wk; njhlu;r;rpahd Neu;Nfhl;L


tsu;rr
; p nrad;Kiw vd;gtw;wpd; Nru;khdkhFk;.

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


1. Determine objectives - Nehf;fq;fisj; jPHkhdpj;jy;
2. Identify & resolve risks - mghaj;ij ,dq;fhzYk; tpLtpj;jYk;
3. Development & Test - mgptpUj;jpAk; NrhjidAk;
4. Plan the next iteration - Nehf;fq;fisj; jPHkhdpj;jy;

 ,k; nkd;nghUs; mgptpUj;jp Kiwtop khjpupakhdJ kPs;tUif (iteration)


mbg;gilapyhd mgptpUj;jpapid Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ.
 nkd;nghUs; mgptpUj;jpapid gbKiw gbKiwahf mgptpUj;jp nra;tjid ,J
Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ.
 nkd;nghUs; mgptpUj;jpapy; fhzg;glf;$ba (Risk) mghaq;fis ,J fUj;jpy;
nfhs;fpd;wJ.
%ykhjpupak;(prototyping)
Kd;tbt khjpupak; my;yJ %yKd;khjpupak; MdJ cw;gj;jp nra;aTs;s
nraw;ghl;bd; khjpupaj;jpid Kd;$l;bNa fhl;rpg;gLj;Jk;.Mdhy; KOr;nraw;ghl;bidAk;
my;y.,k;Kiwapid gad;gLj;jp gadu;fspd; gpd;D}l;lypidAk; ngw;W gadu;fspd;
Njitg;ghLfis Muk;g fl;lj;jpNy tpsq;fp nkd;nghUis cUthf;ff;$bajhf
,Uf;Fk;.rupahd gadu; Njitfis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s ,J cw;gj;jpahsUf;F
cjTfpd;wJ.

%ykhjpupaj;jpd; ed;ikfs;

 gadUf;F gq;fspg;G mjpfkhf fhzg;gLk;.


 Fiwe;j fhyg;gFjpapy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;.
 gadUila Njitg;ghLfs; njsptw;w epiyapy; Muk;gj;jpNyNa ,dq;fhzKbahj
epiyapy; nghUj;jkhdJ.
 gpur;rpidfis Muk;gepiyapNyNa fz;lwpe;J jpUj;j KbAk;.

FiwghLfs;
 nkd;nghUis Mtzkhf;fy; nraw;ghl;by; mjpf ftdk; vLg;gjpy;iy
 Njhlu;r;rpahf nkd;nghUspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; fhuzkhf mjd; fl;likg;G
khw;wkilAk.;,jdhy; Kiwikapid NgZjy; rpf;fyhdjhf fhzg;gLk;.

%yKd; khjpupak; gpd;tUk; 2 tiffspy; fhzg;glyhk;

1. Throw – away Proto typing


2. Evolutionary Proto typing

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


Throw – away Proto typing
,jd; gpujhd Nehf;fk; gadH Njitg;ghLfis Kw;W KOjhf ifg;gw;Wjy; MFk;.
,jd; NghJ mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l Gjpa Kiwik mfw;wg;gl;L Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J
Ntfkhf KiwahdJ mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk; (,jd; NghJ Vw;fdNt mgptpUj;jp
nra;ag;gl;l Kiwikapd; Kaw;rp tPzbf;fg;gLk;. Mdhy; vjpHfhyj;jpy; ,yFthf
Kiwikapid guhkupf;ff; $bathW mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;).

Evolutionary Proto typing


,jd; NghJ mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l Gjpa Kiwik mt;thNw gaduplk; ifaspf;fg;gLk;
(,jdhy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l Kjy; Kaw;rp tPzbf;fg;glkhl;lhJ).

Ntfkhd gpuNahf mgptpUj;jp khjpupak;


Rapid Application Development Model (RAD)

 RAD nkd;nghUs; mgptpUj;jp khjpupak; XH mjpfupj;J nry;fpd;w (Incremental)


nkd;nghUs; mgptpUj;jp KiwikahFk;.

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


 nkd;nghUs; mgptpUj;jp FWfpa fhyj;jpy; kpf Ntfkhf (60 – 90ehl;fs;)
mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;.
 gadH Njitg;ghLfs; njspthd re;jHg;gj;jpy; ,J gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

gpur;rpidfs;

 kpf Ntfkhd mgptpUj;jp vd;gjhy; mjpf mstpyhd kdpj tsq;fs; Njitg;gLk;.

 kpfTk; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; nkd;nghUspid mgptpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;b ,Ug;gjdhy;


mJ mgptpUj;jpahsHfSf;F Rikia Vw;gLj;Jk;.

 njhopDl;g mghaq;fs; my;yJ rpf;fy;fs; kpf caHthd epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;w


nkd;nghUs; mgptpUj;jpf;F ,J nghUe;jhJ.

Rational Unified Process Model (RUD)


 RUD cU mbg;gilapyhd(Object Oriented) nkd;nghUs; mgptpUj;jpapd; NghNj
gad;gLj;j KbAk;.
 RUD khjpupak; mjpfupj;J nry;fpd;wJk; (Incremental) kPs;Row;rp
gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJkhd (Iteration) XH nkd;nghUs; mgptpUj;jpf;F rhj;jpakhFk;.
Steps in RUP – gbepiyfs;

1. Inception Phase - Muk;g fl;lk;


2. Elaboration Phase - tpupTgLj;jy; fl;lk;
3. Construction Phase - cUthf;fw; fl;lk;
4. Transition Phase - khWjw; fl;lk;
5. Production Phase - mgptpUj;jp fl;lk;

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


Kiwik mgptpUj;jp tho;f;if tl;lk;
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
SDLC vd;gJ nkd;nghUspid mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fupa XH mZFKiwapid toq;FtJld;
mJ gy gbepiyfspD}lhf eilngWfpd;wJ.

System System Study


Maintenance

System System
Implementation Analysis

System Testing System Design

System Coding

1. System study – Kiwik Ma;T


2. System analysis – Kiwik gFg;gha;T
3. System design – Kiwik tbtikg;G
4. System coding – Kiwiknra;epuyhf;fk; / Kiwik FwpKiwahf;fk;
5. System testing – Kiwik Nrhjid
6. System implementation – Kiwik mKyhf;fk;
7. System maintenance – Kiwik Ngzy; / guhkupg;G

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


System Study
(Or Preliminary system study or Problem study)

 ,g; gbepiyapy; eilKiwapYs;s Kiwik (manual or computerized) vt;thW ,aq;Ffpd;wJ


, mjpYs;s FiwghLfs; vit mjpYs;s tiuaiwfs; vit Nghd;wit Muhag;gLk;.

 ,jd; %yk; eilKiwapYs;s Kiwikapd; gpur;rpidfs; ,dq;fhzg;gLtJld; gadH


Njitg;ghLfs; mwpag;gLk;.

 epWtdj;jpd; caHkl;l Kfhik kw;Wk; Kiwik gFg;gha;thsH (System analyst)


Nghd;Nwhupdhy; ,J ifahsg;gLk;

 ,jd; ,Wjpapy; Kiwik gFg;gha;thsupdhy; Kiwik fw;if gw;wpa Mtzk;


jahupf;fg;gl;L epWtd caHkl;l Kfhikaplk; ifaspf;fg;gLk;.

Feasibility study rhj;jpa ts fw;if

 Kiwik fw;ifapd; gpd;dH rhj;jpatsf;fw;if epWtd caHkl;l Kfhikapd;


cjtpAld; Kiwikg; gFg;gha;thsupdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ,jpy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl
Ntz;ba Kiwik gw;wpa gy gupkhzq;fisf; nfhz;l eilKiwr; rhj;jpaj;jd;ikia
tpgupf;Fk; xH Ma;it elhj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

 gpd;tUk; rhj;jpa ts fw;iffs; ,jd; NghJ fUj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

- Economic Feasibility
- Operational Feasibility
- Technical Feasibility
- Legal Feasibility
- Social / Cultural Feasibility
- Schedule Feasibility
System Analysis
 ,g; gbepiyapd; NghJ gadH Njitg;ghLfs; MokhfTk; KOikahfTk; Nrfupf;fg;gLk;.
,jid Kiwik gFg;gha;thsH Nkw;nfhs;thH.

 mgptpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;ba Kiwikapd; tpupthd gadH Njitg;ghLfs; (Specification)


Muhag;gLk;.

 gpd;tUk; juT Nrfupg;G cj;jpfspd; %yk; juthdJ Nrfupf;fg;gLk;.

 Interviews
 Questionnaires
 Study on Documents – Study of forms, bills, slips, vouchers, etc.
 Observations
 Discussion

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


gadH Njitg;ghLfs; User Requirements
gadH Njitg;ghLfs; gpd;tUk; 2 tiffshf gpupf;fg;glyhk;
1. Functional Requirements – nray; Njitg;ghLfs;
nray; Njitg;ghLfs; vd;gJ gadHfspdhy; vjpHghHf;fg;glfpd;w or
Kiwikapdhy; toq;fg;gLfpd;w Nritapidf; Fwpf;Fk;.
,j; Njitg;ghLfs; Kiwikapdhy; fl;lhakhf eilKiwg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

cjhuzk; :
 Mobile Phone
- Call
- Message (Sending & receiving)

 Library Management System


- Member registration
- Book registration
- Book borrowing
- Book return

2. Non-functional Requirements – nrayy;yhj Njitg;ghLfs;


nrayy;yhj Njitg;ghLfs; vd;gJ Kiwikapd; tiuaiwfisf;
(Constraints/limitations)Fwpf;Fk;.

,it Kiwikf;F Nkyjpf Nritfshf fUjg;gltJld; Kiwikapdhy;


fl;lhakhf epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;bajd;W.

cjhuzk; :
 Mobile Phone
- Price
- Size
- GPRS facility / Internet
- Appearance

 Library Management System


- Security
- Usability
- User friendly

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


System Design
 gadH Njitg;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;glNtz;ba Gjpa Kiwik
gw;wpa jpl;lkply; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J Kiwik tbtikg;G epiy vd
miof;fg;gLk;.

 Kiwik tbtikg;gpw;F gpd;tUk; fUtpfSk; (Tools) kw;Wk; cj;jpfSk; (Technics)


gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

 gha;r;rw; Nfhl;Lg;glk; - Flow chart


 juTg; gha;r;ry; tupg;glk; - Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
 fl;likf;fg;gl;l Mq;fpyk; - Structured English / Pseudo code
 jPHkhd ml;ltiz - Decision table
 jPHkhd kutup - Decision tree
 juT mfuhjp - Data dictionary

 Kiwik tbtikg;G epiyapd; NghJ gpd;tUk; tbtikg;Gf;fs; fUj;jpw;


nfhs;sg;gLk;.
 User Interface Design (gadH ,ilKf tbtikg;G)
gadu; ,ilKfkhdJ (Interface) gpd;tUtdtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.
o Input ,w;fhd ,ilKfj;ij tbtikj;jy;
o Output ,w;fhd ,ilKfj;ij tbtikj;jy;

 Database Design (juTj;js tbtikg;G)


 Software Design (nkd;nghUs; tbtikg;G)
fzdp nra;epuy;fis tbtikf;Fk; nraw;ghlhFk;.
 Hardware Design (td;nghUs; tbtikg;G)
 Human Resource Design (kdpj ts tbtikg;G)
 Data Structure & Algorithm Design
System Coding
 Kiwik tbtikg;G Neubahf Kiwik nra;epuyhf;fj;jpw;F khw;wPL nra;ag;gLk;.
,jd;NghJ fzdp nra;epuyhf;f nkhopfs;, juTj;js nkd;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Vida
nkd;nghUl;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

 ,g; gbepiyapy; gadH Njitg;ghLfs; ,aq;ff; $ba nkd;nghUs; tbtpw;F


khw;wg;gLk;.

 ,g; gbepiyapid gpd;tUNthH Nkw;nfhs;tH

 Computer Programmer
 Software Developer
 Software Engineers
 Software Architect

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


System Testing
 Kiwik Nrhjidapd; Nehf;fkhdJ mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l Gjpa Kiwik gadH
Njitg;ghLfis KOikahf g+Hj;jp nra;jjh vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; MFk;.
 ,g; gbepiyapy; KiwikahdJ epiwNtw;wg;gl;L mjpy; fhzg;glf; $ba tOf;fs;
(errors / bugs) mfw;wg;gLk;. NkYk; g+Hj;jp nra;ag;glhj my;yJ jtwtplg;gl;l gadH
Njitg;ghLfs; ,dq;fhzg;gl;L KiwikapDs; cs;thq;fg;gLk;.
 Kiwik Nrhjidf;F gad;gLj;jf; $ba juTfs; Test data vd miof;fg;gLk;.
Kiwikf;F Test data cs;sPL nra;ag;gl;L tUtpisthdJ vjpHghHf;fg;gl;l
ngWNgWld; xg;gPL nra;ag;gLk;.
 gpd;tUk; Nrhjidfs; xOq;F Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
a) Unit Testing / Module Testing (myF Nrhjid)
KiwikahdJ rpwpa rpwpa gFjpfshf jdpj;jdpahf Nrhjidf;F
cl;gLj;jg;gLk;.

b) Integration Testing (xUq;fpiz Nrhjid)


Kiwikapd; jdpj;jdp myFfs; or Modules Nrhjid nra;ag;gl;ljd; gpd;dH
mit xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;L gpd;dH xUq;Nf Nrhjid Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

c) System Testing (Kiwik Nrhjid)


,r; Nrhjid Kiwikapid Kw;WKOjhf xUq;Nf Nrhjid nra;tijf;
Fwpf;Fk;. ,jd;NghJ Kiwikapy; fhzg;gLfpd;w tOf;fs; mfw;wg;gLk;.

d) User Acceptance Testing / Alpha Testing (gadH Vw;G Nrhjid)


nkd;nghUs; mgptpUj;jpahsHfspd; cjtpAld; gadH #oypy;
,Wjpg;gadHfspdhy; cz;ikahd Nrhjidj; juTfisg; gad;gLj;jp ,J
elhj;jg;gLk;.

 Black box Testing (fWg;Gg; ngl;b Nrhjid)

Kiwikf;F cs;sPLfs; toq;fg;gl;L mjd; nraw;$Wfis (Functions) Nrhjidf;F


cl;gLj;jp tUtpisT vjpHghHf;fg;gl;l ngWNgWld; xg;gplg;gLk;. ,jd;NghJ nra;epuypd;
cl;fl;likg;G Nrhjidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. vdNt ,t;tifahd Nrhjidf;F
fzdp nra;epuy;fs; gw;wpa mwpT mtrpakpy;iy (User Acceptance Testing gadH Vw;G
Nrhjid ,t;tifahdJ).

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


 White box Testing/ Clear box Testing / Glass box Testing / Structural Testing (ntz;;ngl;b
Nrhjid)

fWg;Gg; ngl;b Nrhjid Nghd;W Kiwikf;F cs;sPLfs;


toq;fg;gl;L mjd; nraw;$Wfis (Functions) Nrhjpj;j gpd;dH tUtpisT khj;jpuk;
xg;gplg;gLtjpy;iy gjpyhf nra;epuypd; cl;fl;likg;G jdpj;jdpahf Nrhjidf;F
cl;gLj;jg;gLk;.vdNt ,t;tifahd Nrhjidf;F fzdp nra;epuy;fs; gw;wpa mwpT
mtrpak;.

 Beta Testing
,t; tifahd Nrhjid ghupa mstpyhd gadH FOf;fspdhy; khj;jpuk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,jd; NghJ nkd;nghUs; gadHfSf;F toq;fg;gl;L mtHfspdhy;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;L mjidg; gw;wpa gpd;D}l;ly; (Feedback) nkd;nghUs;
mgptpUj;jpahsHfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; (Trial Version or Beta Version).

System Implementation Or System Deployment


 mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l Gjpa Kiwik gadH Vw;G Nrhjidapd; gpd;dH gadH
#oypy; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,jd; NghJ nkd;nghUs; gadH fzdpfspy;
epWtg;gl;L ,aq;f Muk;gpf;Fk;.

 ,r; re;jHg;gj;jpy; gadHfSf;F Ntz;ba Kiwahd gpd;tUk; gapw;rpfs;(Training)


toq;fg;gLk;.

- nkd;nghUspid vt;thW epWTtJ


- Kiwikf;F vt;thW juTfis cs;sPL nra;tJ
- jutpid vt;thW Kiwtopahf;fk; nra;tJ
- mwpf;iffis vt;thW jahupg;gJ

Kiwikapid mKyhf;fk; nra;Ak; NghJ gpd;tUk; 4 cj;jpfs; fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLk;.


a. Direct Implementation – Neub mKyhf;fk;
Vw;fdNt gad;gLj;Jfpd;w gioa Kiwik Kw;WKOjhf iftplg;gl;L
mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l Gjpa Kiwik Kw;WKOjhf mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;.
ed;ik: nryT FiwthdJ
gpujp$yk;: mjpf mghak;

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


b. Parallel Implementation – rkhe;ju mKyhf;fk;
Vw;fdNt gad;gLj;Jfpd;w gioa KiwikAk; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l Gjpa
KiwikAk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyk; tiu xNu Neuj;jpy; rkhe;jukhf
mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;. rpwpJ fhyj;jpd; gpd;dH gioa Kiwikapd; nraw;ghLfs;
gbg;gbahf Fiwf;fg;gl;L Gjpa Kiwik Kw;WKOjhf mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;.
ed;ik: Fiwthd mghak;
gpujp$yk;: mjpf nryT

c. Phase Implementation – fl;l mKyhf;fk;


KiwikahdJ KOikahf mKy;gLj;jg;glhky; xt;nthU gFjpfshf xd;wd;
gpd; xd;whf mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;.

d. Pilot Implementation
Gjpa Kiwikapd; xU gFjp mKy;gLj;jg;gl;L mJ jpUg;jpfukhf
mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wjh vd;gijf; nfhz;L mjd; mDgt mbg;gilapy;
Vida gFjpfs; fl;lk; fl;lkhf mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;.

System Implementation Or System Deployment


 mKy;gLj;jg;gl;l Gjpa Kiwik rpwpa mstpyhd khw;wq;fSf;F cl;gLtjpid
,J Fwpf;Fk;.
 ,jd; NghJ Kiwikapd; nkd;nghUs;, td;nghUs;, kw;Wk; Mtzq;fs;
Nghd;wit khw;wq;fspw;F cl;glyhk;.
 ,jd; %yk; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; fUj;jpw; nfhs;sg;glyhk;.
 Kiwikapd; nraw;jpwid mjpfupj;jy;.
 tOf;fis jpUj;Jjy;
 Nkyjpf gadH Njitg;ghLfis NrHj;jy;.
 Kiwik ghJfhg;gpid mjpfupj;jy;.
 gpd;tUk; 3 tpjkhd Kiwikg; guhkupg;Gf;fs; fhzg;glyhk;.
1. Corrective Maintenance
tOf;fisj; jpUj;Jjy; / mfw;Wjy;
2. Adaptive Maintenance
Kiwikapid Gjpa #oypw;F khw;Wjy; (Gjpa #oy;  OS, Hardware)
3. Perfective Maintenance
Gjpa gadH Njitg;ghLfis cs;thq;Fjy;

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)


2017
1.jd;dpaf;f fhrspg;G ,ae;jpuj;jpy; (ATM) ,Uj;jy; ed;whf ,Uf;Fk; njhopy;rhuhj;
Njitia kpfr;rpwg;ghf tptupf;Fk; $w;W gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?
1;.gadu;fs; gzj;ij jpUk;g ngWtjw;F Kiwik trjp nra;Ak;.
2.Kiwik gadu;fs; gzj;ij itg;gpypl ,lkspf;f Ntz;lhk;.
3vy;yhj; njhlu;ghly;fSf;Fk; Kiwik 256 gpl; Fw;kiwahf;fj;ij gad;gLj;Jk;.
4.Kiwik gadu;fSf;F njhLjpiu ,ilKfj;ij toq;fg;gad;gLk;
5 nrf;fdpy; gzj;ij tpLtpf;Fk;.

2.Kiwiknahd;wpd; Njitfs; mj;jpahtrpa>tpUk;gj;jf;f>njhopy;rhu;>kw;Wk; njhopy;rhuh


Njitfs; vd tifg;gLj;jg;gL;k;. “tq;fpapd; ATM ,ae;jpuk; xd;W xU gadu; jtwhf
,yf;fj;ij Eiof;f vj;jdpg;gjw;F %d;W Kiwf;F Nky; ,lkspf;ff;$lhJ”
Nkw;Fwpj;j Njitfspy; rupahf tiff;Fwpg;gJ gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?
1.mj;jpahtrpak;>njhopy;rhu;e;j
2.mj;jpahtrpak;>njhopy;rhuhj
3.tpUk;gj;jf;f>njhopy;rhu;e;j
4.tpUk;gj;jf;f>njhopy;rhuhj
5.mj;jpahtrpamy;yJ tpUk;gj;jf;f>njhopy;rhuhj

3.fPNo jug;gl;l kdpjclypYs;s mq;fq;fspy; %banjhFjpapd; gFjpahf miktJ vJ?


1.fz; 2.fhJ 3.,jak; 4.rpWePufk; 5.EiuaPuy;

4.fPNo jug;gl;l Kiwik mKyhf;fy; Kiwfis fUJf.


A-njhlu;Gila #oy; khw;wq;fSf;F Vw;g Jyq;fiy fhl;Lk;
B-ed;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;l gadupd;(well-defined)gadupd; mwpTiufSf;Nfw;g vg;NghJk;
nraw;gLk;
C-Kd;Ng tiuaWf;fg;gl;l xU njhFjp gzpfis khj;jpuk; epiwNtw;Wk;
D-Kw;Wg;ngwhj jfty;fs; kPJ jPu;khdq;fis vLf;ff;$baJ
Nkw;Fwpj;jtw;wpy; nkd;nghUs; Kftu; Kiwikapd; ,ay;Gfshff; fUjf;$baJ?
1.A,B 2.A,C 3.A,D 4.B,C 5.C,D

2016

1.gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fSs; ,izatq;fpKiwikapd; mj;jpahtrpa njhopy;rhuh


NjitfSf;F cjhuzk; vJ?
1.Kiwik mjd; gadu;fspd; fzf;Ffis jpwg;gjw;F trjpg;gLj;jNtz;Lk;
2.Kiwik mjd; gadu;fspd; fzf;F kPjpia rupghu;g;gjw;F trjpg;gLj;jNtz;Lk;
3.Kiwik mjd; vy;yh njhlughlYf;Fkhf 256gpl; kiwf;FwpaPlhf;fj;ij gad;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;
4.Kiwik mjd; gadu;fspd; fhNrhiyg;Gj;jfq;fisg;ngWtjw;F Miz gpwg;gpf;f
trjpg;gLj;jyhk;
5.KiwikahdJ vy;yh gpugykhd tiyNkNyhbfspYk; jftiy fhz;gpf;ff;$bajhf
,Uf;Fk;
Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)
2.gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; jpwe;j Kiwikfs; gwwp rupahdJ?
1.jpwe;j Kiwikf;F Njitahd rfy cs;sPLfSk; mjpnyNa cs;sd.
2.jpwe;j Kiwikfs; NtW KiwikfSld; ,iztpidf;nfhs;tjpy;iy
3.jpwe;j Kiwikfspd; nra;gzpfSf;F NtW Kiwikfs; mtrpakpy;iy
4.kdpju;fSf;F jpwe;j Kiwikfis cUthf;f KbAk;
5.rfy ,aw;if KiwikfSk; jpwe;j Kiwikfs; MFk;

3.tq;fpnahd;wpd; jd;dpaf;f fhrspg;G ,ae;jpuk; (ATM)Fwpj;j gpd;tUk; $w;wpidf;fUJf.


“Kiwik %yk; gzj;ij toq;Ftjw;F 10 nrf;fd;fSf;F FiwthfNt vLf;f Ntz;Lk;”
Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;W njhlu;ghf rupahdJ gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; rupahdJ
1.,J mj;jpahtrpakhd njhopy;rhuh NjitahFk;
2.,J tpUk;gj;jf;f njhopy;rhuh NjitahFk;
3.,J mj;jpahtrpakhd njhopy;rhu;e;j NjitahFk;
4.,J tpUk;gj;jf;f njhopy;rhu;e;j NjitahFk;
5.,J Kiwikf;fhd Njitad;W

4.Kiwiknahd;wpd; %baJ>jpwe;jJ njhlu;ghd gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fSs; rupahdJ?


1.tq;fpnahd;wpd; jd;dpaf;f fhrspg;G ,ae;jpuk; xU %ba njhFjpahf mikAk;
2.nghJj;Njitf;fzpdp xU jpwe;j njhFjpahf fUjg;gLk;
3.kdpj FUjp Rw;Nwhl;lj;nhjFjp xU jpwe;j njhFjpahFk;
4.nry;yplj;njhiyNgrp xU %ba njhFjpahFk;
5.#upa rf;jp cw;gj;jp Kiwik xU %ba njhFjpahFk;

2014
1.gpd;tUk; KiwikfSs; vg;nghOJk; nraw;if Ez;kjpia(artificial intelligent)
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ
A-tY;Ydu; Kiwikfs; B-Kaw;rptsh;jpl;lk;(erp)
C-gy;Kftu; Kiwikfs; D-Gtpapay; jfty; Kiwikfs;
1.A,B Mfpad khj;jpuk; 2.A,C Mfpad khj;jpuk;
3.A,D Mfpad khj;jpuk; 4.B,D Mfpad khj;jpuk;
5.C,D Mfpad khj;jpuk;

2.jd;dpaf;fKiwik njhlu;ghd gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fisf;fUjf

A-kdpj jiyaPL Njitaw;wJ my;yJ FiwthdJ


B-,ae;jpuj;jpy; epWtg;gl;l Ez;rpy;Y %yk; ,ae;jpuj;jpd; vy;yhr; nraw;ghLfSk;
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;
C-ehshe;jk; tq;fpg;gupkhw;wq;fis nrad;Kiwg;gLj;Jk; Kiwik ahTk; jd;dpaf;f
Kiwik vdg;gLk;
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l fUj;Jf;fspy; rupahdit?
1.A khj;jpuk; 2.A,B Mfpad khj;jpuk;
3.A,C Mfpad khj;jpuk; 4.B,C khj;jpuk; 5.A,B,C Mfpad ahTk;

Mrs.Nithiya Arulmolivarman (BSc Hons,PGDE Merit)

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