CHEMISTRY CLASS VIII

CHAPTER 4 - METALS & NON-METALS NOTES

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
S.NO Property Metals Non-metals
1 State Usually solid at room temperature. (Mercury and May exist as solid, liquid or gas at room temperature.
gallium are liquids at room temperature.) (Bromine is liquid at room temperature.)

2 Hardness Generally hard (Sodium and potassium are soft and Solids are usually brittle. (Diamond is
Mg, Al, Zn and Au are not very hard.) the hardest naturally occurring substance.)
3 Lustre Metals usually have a metallic lustre. Do not usually have lustre.
4 Sonorous Metals when hit make a characteristic, ringing, Non-metals are not sonorous.
metallic sound.
5 Malleability Metals can be moulded or beaten into shapes. (Na, Non-malleable
K, Ca, Zn are not
very malleable.)
6 Ductility Can be drawn into wires. (Na, K, Ca, Zn are not Not ductile (nanotubes and nanorods are being made
ductile.) into fibres which are very strong.)

7 Conductivity Usually good conductors of heat and electricity. (Ag Usually poor conductors of heat and electricity.
has the highest electric conductivity. Tungsten is a (Graphite and gas carbon are good conductors.)
poor conductor.)
8 Density Usually have high density. (Na and K have densities Usually have low densities. Diamond
less than 1 gm/cm3.) and fullerenes have high densities.
9 Melting and Usually have high melting and boiling points. (Na, K, Usually have low melting and boiling
boiling points Ga and Hg have low M.P. and B.P.) points. (Carbon allotropes have a high M.P. and B.P.)

10 Tensile Usually have high tensile strength. Usually do not have tensile strength.
Strength (Alkali, alkaline earth and Zn are exceptions.) (Nanorods have the strength of steel.)
 CHEMISTRY CLASS VIII
CHAPTER 4 - METALS & NON-METALS NOTES

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
S.NO Property Metals Non-metals
1 Reaction with Form their respective oxides which are basic in Form their respective oxides which are acidic in
oxygen nature nature

2 Reaction Form their respective hydroxides Form their respective hydroxides

with water

3 Reaction with Metals above hydrogen in reactive series form salt Non-metals do not react with acids
acid and water. Metals below hydrogen in reactivity
series do not react with acid.

4 Reaction with Metals like aluminium and zinc react with base to Non-metals do not react with bases.
bases form corresponding salt and hydrogen
 CHEMISTRY CLASS VIII
CHAPTER 4 - METALS & NON-METALS NOTES

USES
Metals Non-Metals
Iron - pins, nails, nuts, bolts, tools, machines, Sulphur – Sulphuric acid, salts of metals, etc.
construction of buildings, bridges, etc.

Aluminium - utensils, wires, furniture, parts of Oxygen – Respiration by living things, burning of fuels,
aircrafts, vehicles, machines, for packing food and etc.
medicines etc.
Copper - wires, vessels, electric gadgets, etc. Nitrogen – Ammonia(Fertilizers)
Gold – Jewellery, coins, medals, etc. Hydrogen – Ammonia (fertilizers), rocket fuel,
welding, etc.
Silver – Jewellery, coins, medals, etc. Chlorine – Germ killer in water
Platinum – Jewellery, electric gadgets, plugs in Iodine – Tincture iodine(Antiseptic)
vehicles, etc.
Sodium – common salt, chemicals , etc. Phosphorous – Fertilizers, match box, Fireworks, etc.
Calcium – Cement, glass, etc. Carbon – Fuel, pencil tips, electrodes, etc.
 CHEMISTRY CLASS VIII
CHAPTER 4 - METALS & NON-METALS NOTES

Alloy Approximate Composition Uses

Brass 65% copper, 35% Zinc Musical instruments, utensils, electrical
fittings

Bronze 88% copper, 12% tin Gears, machine bearings, statues, control
valves

Solder 63% tin, 37% lead Joining electrical wires

Stainless Steel 74% iron, 18% chromium, 8% nickel Cutlery tools, household utensils, shaving
blades, watch cases, automobile parts

Magnalium 68-95% aluminium, 5-30% magnesium, 1- Metal mirrors and scientific instruments
2% copper

Duralumin or Duralium 95% aluminium, 4% copper, 1% Light weight instruments and aircraft
manganese and magnesium bodies