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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

IV SEMESTER

EC8491 – Communication Theory

Regulation – 2017

Academic Year 2018 – 19

Prepared by

Mr.T.V.Sudhir, Assistant Professor/ECE

Ms.R.Birundha, Assistant Professor/ECE

Mr.S.Marirajan, Assistant Professor/ECE

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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : EC8491 – COMMUNICATION THEORY
YEAR /SEM : II /IV

UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATION

Amplitude Modulation- DSBSC, DSBFC, SSB, VSB - Modulation index, Spectra, Power relations
and Bandwidth – AM Generation – Square law and Switching modulator, DSBSC Generation –
Balanced and Ring Modulator, SSB Generation – Filter, Phase Shift and Third Methods, VSB
Generation – Filter Method, Hilbert Transform, Pre-envelope & complex envelope –comparison of
different AM techniques, Superheterodyne Receiver.
PART – A
Q. No. Questions BT Level Competence
1. What is pre envelope and complex envelope? BTL 1 Remembering
2. Give the advantages of VSB-AM. BTL 1 Remembering
3. State heterodyning principle. BTL 1 Remembering
Mention the advantages of modulating low frequency signal BTL 1 Remembering
4.
into high frequency signal.
5. List the types of AM modulators. BTL 1 Remembering

6. Define Coherent Detection. BTL 1 Remembering

7. Why do you need modulation in communication systems? BTL 3 Applying

Identify the differences between single sideband and BTL 2 Understanding
8. vestigial sideband systems.
9. Write about diagonal clipping and negative peak clipping? BTL 2 Understanding
Suggest a modulation scheme for broadcast video BTL 6 Creating
10.
transmission.
Apply the concepts of sensitivity and selectivity in AM BTL 3 Applying
11.
receiver.

12. Draw the AM modulated wave for over, under & 100% BTL 2 Understanding
modulation.
If incoming frequency is f1 and translated carrier frequency is BTL 3 Applying
13.
f2, apply and find the local oscillator frequency.
14. Compare AM with DSB-SC and SSB-SC. BTL 4 Analyzing

15. Distinguish between high level and low level modulation? BTL 4 Analyzing

16. Differentiate between linear and non-linear modulation BTL 4 Analyzing

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A carrier of 20MHz is amplitude modulated with a signal
17. frequency of 3KHz and amplitude 5Volts. If modulation BTL 5 Evaluating
index is 0.5, determine the spectra of the waveform.
If a 10KW amplitude modulated transmitter is modulated
18. sinusoidally by 50%, evaluate the total RF power BTL 5 Evaluating
delivered.
19. Summarize the methods for generating SSB-SC signal. BTL 2 Understanding

Can you formulate the theory for modulation index of an AM BTL 6 Creating
20.
signal and write its classification.
PART – B
Q. No. Questions BT Level Competence
BTL 1 Remembering
Describe the concepts of AM modulation and derive the
equation of an AM wave. Draw the phasor diagram,
1.
spectrum and modulated AM wave for various degrees of
modulation index. (13)

(i) Show the phasor representation, current relation and

efficiency of AM. (7) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) In AM system, the transmitter gives a output power of
5kW when modulated to a depth of 95%. If after
2.
modulation by a data signal which produces an average
modulation depth of 20%, the carrier and one sideband are
suppressed, Calculate the average power in the remaining
output. (6)
BTL 1 Remembering
(i) Write the working of low level and high level AM
Transmitters with the help of a neat block diagram. (7)
3.
(ii) Obtain the types of AM modulators based on their
placement in a transmitter circuit. (6)
(i) Outline the function of switching modulator in the
generation of AM signal. (7) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) The tuned circuit of the oscillator in a simple AM
4. transmitter employs a 40µH coil and 12nF capacitor. If the
oscillator output is modulated by audio frequency of
5KHz, what are the lower and upper sideband frequencies
and the bandwidth required. (6)
(i) Demonstrate the concepts of envelope detection for
demodulation of AM and explain its operation. (7) BTL 2 Understanding
5.
(ii)Illustrate non coherent tuned radio frequency receiver.
(6)
Give main idea about super heterodyne receiver with neat
6. block diagram and explain the various parameters. BTL 2 Understanding
(13)
Identify the need for carrier suppression in AM system? BTL 3 Applying
7.
Draw and explain the functioning of such system. (13)
Construct the balanced modulator circuit for the generation BTL 3 Applying
8.
of DSB-SC-AM and explain its operation. (13)

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How do you examine ring modulator for the generation of BTL 4 Analyzing
9.
DSB-SC signal? (13)
Classify the methods and describe demodulation of DSBSC BTL 4 Analyzing
10.
by Costas loop and Coherent detection. (13)
Analyse the significance of SSB-SC and elaborate in detail
11. about filter method of suppression of unwanted sidebands. BTL 4 Analyzing
(13)
i) Assesss the generation of SSBSC signal using phase shift
method. (7) BTL 5 Evaluating
12.
ii) How would you generate SSB using Weavers method?
Illustrate with a neat block diagram. (6)

i) An audio frequency signal 10sin2П*500t is used to

amplitude modulate a carrier of 50sin2П*105t. Calculate
modulation index, amplitude of each sideband frequencies, BTL 6 Creating
13.
bandwidth and total power delivered to the load of 600Ω.
(7)
ii) Discuss on pre-envelope and complex envelope. (6)

i) Illustrate the generation and demodulation of VSB with

the help of a block diagram. (7) BTL 2 Understanding
14.
ii) How would you describe Hilbert transform? And
explain its properties and advantages. (6)
PART C

i) Conclude the generation and demodulation of VSB with

the help of block diagrams. (8) BTL 5 Evaluating
1.
ii) How an amplitude modulated signal can be generated
using nonlinear modulator circuit. (7)
i) Devise the generation of SSB using balanced modulator.
(8)
ii) The efficiency of ordinary AM is defined as the percentage Evaluating
2. BTL 5
of the total power carried by the sidebands. Evaluate the
efficiency for µ=0.5(50 percent modulation) and Show that
for a single tone AM ƞmax is 33.3 percent at µ=1. (7)
A complex modulating waveform consisting of as sine wave
of amplitude 3V and frequency 1 kHz plus a cosine wave of
amplitude 5 V and frequency 3 kHz amplitude modulates a Creating
3. BTL 6
500 kHz and 10V peak carrier voltage. Develop the spectrum
of modulated wave and determine the average power when
the modulated wave is fed into 50ohm load. (15)
i) Estimate the percentage power saving when a carrier and
one of the sidebands are suppressed in AM wave modulated
to the depth of 100% and 50% (8)
ii) The commercial AM station is broadcasting with an Creating
4. BTL 6
unmodulated power of 10 kW. The modulation index is set
at 0.7 for a sinusoidal message signal. Determine the total
transmitted power and the efficiency. (7)

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UNIT II ANGLE MODULATION
Phase and frequency modulation, Narrow Band and Wide band FM – Modulation index, Spectra,
Power relations and Transmission Bandwidth - FM modulation –Direct and Indirect methods, FM
Demodulation – FM to AM conversion, FM Discriminator - PLL as FM Demodulator.
PART A

Q. No Questions BT Level Competence

1. Define modulation index of frequency modulation and BTL 1 Remembering
phase modulation.
2. Why frequency modulation is more preferred for voice BTL 1 Remembering
transmission?
3. List the advantages of AM and FM. BTL 1 Remembering

4. What are the types of modulation? BTL 1 Remembering

5. State the Carson’s rule to determine the bandwidth of BTL 1 Remembering
FM.
6. Draw the block diagram of a method for generating a BTL 2 Understanding
narrow band FM.
7. Give the mathematical expression for FM and PM. BTL 2 Understanding

8. Compare WBFM and NBFM. BTL 4 Analyzing

9. Analyze the bandwidth required for a FM wave in which BTL 4 Analyzing
the modulating frequency signal is 2KHz and the
maximum frequency deviation is 12KHz.
10. Differentiate between phase and frequency modulation. BTL 4 Analyzing
11. Assess the condition for wideband FM. BTL 5 Evaluating
12. Why FM is said to be nonlinear modulation method? List BTL 5 Evaluating
the nonlinear effects in FM System.
13. Discuss the difference between the direct method and BTL 6 Creating
indirect method of FM.
14. Point out the advantages and disadvantages of foster-seely BTL 6 Creating
discrimination method?
15. Describe the limitations of slope detector? BTL 2 Understanding

16. Outline the concepts of lock in range and dynamic range BTL 2 Understanding
of PLL.
17. Show that Armstrong method is superior to reactance BTL 3 Applying
modulator?
18. Summarize the merits and demerits of balanced slope BTL 3 Applying
detector.
19. Apply the concepts for detecting FM signals. BTL 3 Applying

20. Outline the applications of phase locked loop. BTL 1 Remembering

PART – B
1. Obtain the expression for the single tone frequency BTL 1 Remembering
modulated signal and hence prove that is the constant
envelope modulation requiring infinite bandwidth. (13)

(13)

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2. (i)Show the mathematical expression for Wideband BTL 1 Remembering
Frequency Modulation. Also compare and contrast its
characteristics with Narrowband Frequency modulation.(7)
(ii)How do you obtain FM from PM and vice versa?
Explain. (6)
3. What are the methods of FM generation and explain an BTL 1 Remembering
indirect method to generate an FM signal. (13)
4. With a neat diagram, describe the concepts of FM BTL 1 Remembering
transmitters with direct method of generation. (13)
5. Describe how FM generation is achieved using Varactor BTL 2 Understanding
and reactance modulators. (13)
6. (13)
Explain the principle of indirect method of generating a BTL 2 Understanding
wideband FM signal. (13)
7. (i) Illustrate the mathematical representation of FM and BTL 3 Applying
PM waves. (7)
(ii)For an FM modulator with a modulation index
mf=1, Vm(t)=Vmsin(2pi*1000t) and an unmodulated
carrier Vc(t)=15sin(2pi*500t),determine number of set
of sideband frequencies, Amplitude, Draw the
frequency spectrum showing their relative amplitude
and explain (6)
8. With the phasor representations, demonstrate and BTL 3 Applying
explain the working of Foster Seeley discriminator.
9. (13)
(i) Demonstrate the comparison of AM and FM. (7) BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii)Predict the carrier, modulating frequency modulation
index and maximum deviation of the FM wave
represented by the equation
VFM(t)=12sin(6*108t+5sin1250t) what will the FM wave
dissipate in a 10 ohm resistance? (6)
10. (i)Analyse the significance of transmission bandwidth of BTL 4 Analyzing
FM. (7)
(ii) Classify FM detection methods and Explain any one
methods with neat sketches. (6)
11. (i)When the modulating frequency in an FM system is BTL 4 Analyzing
400Hz and the modulating voltage is 2.4V and the
modulation index is 60. Analyse on the maximum
deviation. Apply the concepts of modulation index
and calculate the modulating index when the modulating
frequency is reduced to 250Hz and the modulating
voltage is simultaneously raised to 3.2V. (7)
(ii) Explain pre-emphasis and de-emphasis circuits and
explain its characteristics. (6)
12. A carrier frequency of 80MHz is frequency modulated by BTL 5 Evaluating
a sine wave amplitude of 1volts and frequency of 10KHz
and the frequency sensitivity of the modulator is
100Hz/V. Assess the appropriate bandwidth of the FM
wave. (13)
13. (i) Construct the ratio detector to suppress the amplitude BTL 6 Creating
variation caused by the communication media without
using amplitude limited circuit. (7)

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(ii)Design the circuit diagram of stagger tuned
discriminator and explain its working. (6)

14. (i) Interpret the operation of round Travis detector. (7) BTL 2 Understanding
(ii)Show operation of PLL as a FM demodulator. (6)

PART-C
1. A 20 MHZ if frequency modulated by a sinusoidal signal BTL 5 Evaluating
such that the maximum frequency deviation is 100 KHZ.
Determine the modulation index and appropriate
bandwidth of the FM signal for the following modulating
signal frequencies: 1 KHZ, 100 KHZ, 500 KHZ. (15)
2. (i) An angle modulated wave is described by the equation BTL 5 Evaluating
V(t)=10 cos(2*106*pi*t+10cos2000*pi*t). Determine
power of the modulation signal, maximum frequency,
bandwidth. (8)
(ii)How will you classify FM based on modulation index
value and explain? (7)
3. Explain in detail any two methods of FM Discriminator. BTL 6 Creating
(15)
4. (i) Construct a double tuned discriminator with detailed BTL 6 Creating
diagram and explain. (8)
(ii)Develop double frequency conversion FM super
heterodyne receiver and explain. (7)

UNIT III RANDOM PROCESS

Random variables, Random Process, Stationary Processes, Mean, Correlation & Covariance
functions, Power Spectral Density, Ergodic Processes, Gaussian Process, Transmission of a
Random Process Through a LTI filter.
PART A

Q.No Questions BT Domain

Level
1. State central limit theorem. BTL 1 Remembering
2. Define random variable. Specify the sample space and BTL 1 Remembering
the random variable for a coin tossing experiment.
3. List the properties of the cumulative distributive BTL 1 Remembering
function.
4. Describe mean, autocorrelation and covariance of a BTL 1 Remembering
random process.
5. What are the properties of an autocorrelation function? BTL 1 Remembering
6. Outline Ergodic processes and Gaussian processes. BTL 1 Remembering
7. Express the autocorrelation function and power spectral BTL 2 Understanding
density of white noise.

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8. Write the Rayleigh and Rician probability density BTL 2 Understanding
functions.
9. Distinguish between random variable and random BTL 2 Understanding
process.

10. Give the conditions to be satisfied for wide sense BTL 2 Understanding
stationary.
11. Illustrate Einstein-Wiener –Khintchine relation. BTL 3 Applying
12. Show the input output relation for a power spectral BTL 3 Applying
density and cross spectral density.
13. Demonstrate when random process is called as BTL 3 Applying
deterministic?
14. Classify random process? Give one example for each. BTL 4 Analyzing
15. Point out the properties of Gaussian process. BTL 4 Analyzing
16. Infer the crosscorrelation of random processes of X(t) BTL 4 Analyzing
and Y(t)?
17. Summarise an expression for noise equivalent BTL 5 Evaluating
bandwidth.
18. Evaluate when a random process is called as stationary, BTL 5 Evaluating
deterministic and ergodic.
19. Elaborate when do we say random processes X(t) as BTL 6 Creating
white process?
20. Formulate the power spectral density of X(t). BTL 6 Creating

PART – B

1. Explain the following terms Random variable, BTL 4 Analyzing

Gaussian process and Central limit theorem. (13)
2. (i) For ergodic process show that mean of the time BTL 2 Understanding
average is equal to ensemble mean. (7)
(ii) Differentiate the strict-sense stationary with that of
wide sense stationary process. (6)
3. (i) Analyze the following terms mean, correlation, BTL 4 Analyzing
covariance and ergodicity. (7)
(ii) Explain the properties of the auto correlation
function. (6)
4. (i) Demonstrate the advantages of Gaussian Modelling BTL 3 Applying
of a random process. (7)
(ii)Describe about stationary processes and its
classifications. (6)
5. Generalize the equation for finding the probability BTL 6 Creating
density function of a one to one differential function
of a given random variable. (13)
6. (i) Write about Transmission of random process BTL 1 Remembering

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through a Linear Time Invariant (LTI) filter. (7)
(ii) Find the autocorrelation of a sequence x(t) =A
cos(2πfc(t+θ)) where A and fc are constant and θ is a
random variable that is uniformly distributed over the
interval [-π π]. (6)
7. (i) Define autocorrelation. Discuss the properties of BTL 1 Remembering
autocorrelation function. (7)
(ii) Differentiate between random variable and
random process. (6)
8. Discuss and prove the properties of power spectral BTL 2 Understanding
density. (13)
9. (i) When is a random process said to be Strict Sense BTL 3 Applying
Stationary (SSS), Wide Sense Stationary (WSS) and
Ergodic process. (7)
(ii) Let X(t) = A cos (ωt+Φ) and Y(t) = A sin (ωt+Φ),
where A and ω are constants and Φ is a uniform random
variables [0, 2π]. Solve the cross correlation of x(t) and
y(t). (6)
10. Given a random process X(t)=A Cos(ωt+θ), where A BTL 5 Evaluating
and ω are constants and θ is a uniform random
variable. Justify that X(t) is Ergodic in both mean and
autocorrelation . (13)
11. (i)The random variable y is the function of another
random variable ‘X’ such that y=cos(X) and ‘X’ is
uniformly distributed in the interval (-π, π) such as
1
𝑓𝑋 (𝑥) = , −𝜋 < 𝑥 < 𝜋
2𝜋 BTL 4 Analyzing
Calculate the mean value of y. (7)
(ii) Show that the random process X(t)=ACos(ωt+θ)
is wide sense stationary. Here θ is uniformly
distributed in the range (-π, π). (6)
12. State and prove the properties of Gaussian process. BTL 1 Remembering
(13)
13. (i)Identify the different types of random process and BTL 2 Understanding
give the definitions. (7)
ii) Define the term mean, mean square value, variance
and standard deviation. (6)
14. Describe in detail about mean, moments and variance. BTL 1 Remembering
(13)
PART C
1. PDF of a continuous random variable is said to be
Fx (x) = e-x for x≥0. Estimate mean, variance and SD BTL 5 Evaluating
of random variable. (15)

2. i)Let X(t) and Y(t) be both zero-mean and WSS BTL 6 Creating
random processes. Consider the random process z(t) =
X(t) + Y(t). Determine the auto correlation and power
spectrum of z(t) if X(t) and Y(t) are jointly WSS. (8)
ii) PDF of a random variable ‘X’ is given by 𝑓𝑋 (𝑥) =

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𝑒 −𝑥 for 𝑥 ≥ 0. Then find E[X], E[X2], E[(X-1)2] &
Variance. (7)
3. A sinusoid generator output voltage is 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡. This BTL 6 Creating
output is sampled randomly. The sampled output is a
random variable X, which can take on any value in the
range (-A,A). Determine mean and variance of the
sampled output X. (15)
4. i)The pdf of a random variable is given as
𝐾 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏
𝑓𝑋 (𝑥) = {
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Where K is constant. Sketch the pdf and determine
value of K. (7) BTL 5 Evaluating
ii) Let X have the uniform distribution given by
1 2 0  x  2
f X (x)  
0 Otherwise
Evaluate mean, mean square value and variance. (8)

UNIT IV NOISE CHARACTERIZATION

Noise sources – Noise figure, noise temperature and noise bandwidth – Noise in cascaded
systems. Representation of Narrow band noise –In-phase and quadrature, Envelope and Phase –
Noise performance analysis in AM & FM systems – Threshold effect, Pre-emphasis and
deemphasis for FM.
PART A

Q.No Questions BT Domain

Level
1. Describe white noise? Give its characteristics. BTL 2 Understanding
2. Define noise figure and noise equivalent temperature. BTL 1 Remembering
3. A Receiver is connected to an antenna of resistance of
50Ω has an equivalent noise resistance of 30Ω. BTL 6 Creating
Formulate the receiver noise figure.
4. Give the expression for the thermal noise voltage across
a resistor. Also define thermal noise. BTL 1 Remembering

5. Formulate the narrow-band noise m(t) at the IF filter

output in terms of its in-phase and quadrature BTL 6 Creating
components.
6. Discuss the need for pre-emphasis and de-emphasis. BTL 2 Understanding
7. Recall threshold effect in AM receiver. BTL 1 Remembering
8. What is FM threshold effect? BTL 1 Remembering
9. Distinguish the noise performance of DSBSC receiver
using coherent detection with AM receiver using BTL 2 Understanding
envelope detection.
10. Illustrate the characteristics of white noise. BTL 3 Applying
11. Classify the methods are to improve FM threshold BTL 4 Analyzing

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reduction?
12. Obtain the equation for transfer function of de-emphasis
circuit. BTL 3 Applying

13. Name what is capture effect? What do you understand by

‘capture effect’ in FM? BTL 1 Remembering

14. Discuss threshold effect with respect to noise? BTL 2 Understanding

15. Explain noise equivalent bandwidth. BTL 1 Remembering
16. Calculate the noise voltages for the two resistors 20KΩ
& 50KΩ in series at 3000K for a bandwidth of 100KHz. BTL 3 Applying

17. Pointout the characteristic of shot noise. BTL 4 Analyzing

0
18. Evaluate the thermal noise voltage generated at 290 K
for a bandwidth of 100KHz. BTL 5 Evaluating

19. DC current of 2 mA flows through the semiconductor

junction. Consider the effective noise bandwidth of 1 BTL 4 Analyzing
kHz and Infer the shot noise component.
20. Determine thermal noise voltage across the simple
parallel RC circuit shown with R =1kΩ and C=1µF at T BTL 5 Evaluating
= 27oC.

PART – B

1. Write a short note on BTL 1 Remembering

(i) Shot noise with its power spectral density (7)
(ii) Thermal noise with PSD (6)
2. Describe in detail various sources of noise. (13) BTL 2 Understanding
3. What is coherent detector? Derive an expression for SNR
at input (SNRc) and output of (SNRo) of a coherent BTL 1 Remembering
detector. (13)
4. Express and derive the output SNR for FM reception.
BTL 4 Analyzing
Also obtain the figure of merit. (13)
5. (i) Point out the significance of pre-emphasis and de-
emphasis in FM system. (7) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Examine about FM threshold effect. (6)
6. Formulate the figure of merit for AM system using
envelope detector. (13) BTL 6 Creating

7. The three amplifiers 1, 2 and 3 have the following

characteristics: F1=9dB, G1=48dB, F2=6dB, G2=35dB,
F3=4dB, G3=20dB. The amplifiers are connected in
cascade. Apply to find noise figure and equivalent noise BTL 3 Applying
temperature. (13)

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8. (i) Discuss in detail about the narrowband noise and
analyse the properties of in-phase and quadrature BTL 3 Applying
components of narrow band noise. (7)
(ii) Explain narrowband noise analyser and noise
synthesizer. (6)
9. Consider two amplifiers are connected in cascade. First BTL 2 Understanding
stage amplifier has gain and noise figure as 15 dB and 9
dB. Second stage has noise figure of 20 dB. Estimate the
total noise figure. (13)
10. Evaluate the effective noise temperature of a cascade
amplifier from Friss formula. (13) BTL 5 Evaluating

11. Two resistors 20kohm and 50kohm are at room

temperature. Derive for a bandwidth of 100kHZ; the
thermal noise voltage for
(i) Each resistor. (5) BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii) Two resistors in series. (4)
(iii) Two resistors in parallel. (4)
12. A mixer circuit has noise figure of 12dB. It is preceded
by an amplifier that has an equivalent noise temperature BTL 4 Analyzing
of 200K and power gain of 30dB. Calculate the equivalent
noise temperature referred to the input of the amplifier.
(13)
13. Summarize with block diagram of a communication
system, the noise performance with the figure of merit and BTL 2 Understanding
SNR. (13)

14. (i) Explain the terms noise figure, noise factor and noise
temperature. (7)
BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) How sine wave pulse noise is represented. Obtain the
joint PDF of such noise component. (6)

PART C
1. Deduce the expression for figure of merit of DSB-SC BTL 5 Evaluating
receiver using coherent detection. (15)
2. Propose the Power Spectral Density of in-phase and
quadrature phase noise of narrow band noise. Find the BTL 6 Creating
PDF of sine wave pulse noise. (15)
3. Evaluate the figure of merit of FM, compare with AM BTL 5 Evaluating
and conclude on which has better figure of merit. (15)
4. Consider two amplifiers connected in cascade, one
amplifier having power gain G1 & noise factor F1 and
other amplifier with G2 and F2 respectively. Obtain Friss BTL 6 Creating
formula and calculate the total noise figure if G1 = 10dB,
F1 = 2dB and F2 = 3dB. (15)

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UNIT V SAMPLING & QUANTIZATION
Low pass sampling – Aliasing- Signal Reconstruction-Quantization - Uniform & non-uniform
quantization - quantization noise - Logarithmic Companding –PAM, PPM, PWM, PCM – TDM,
FDM.
PART A

BT Domain
Q. No Questions
Level
List the advantages and disadvantage of digital BTL 1 Remembering
1.
communication system.
2. Define Band pass sampling. BTL 1 Remembering

3. Mention the definition of FDM. BTL 1 Remembering

4. Distinguish natural and flat top sampling. BTL 2 Understanding

5. Interpret the use of pre-filtering done before sampling. BTL 3 Applying

6. What is meant by aliasing? BTL 1 Remembering

How would you show your understanding of the BTL 3 Applying

7.
components required for signal reconstruction?
8. Write about non uniform quantization. BTL 1 Remembering

9. Illustrate the two fold effects of quantization process. BTL 2 Understanding

Illustrate the difference between uniform and non- BTL 3 Applying

10.
uniform quantization.
11. Construct the Nyquist sampling Theorem with equation. BTL6 Creating

A Sinusoidal signal is transmitted using PCM scheme.

The target output SNR should be greater than 13 dB. Can
12. you identify the minimum number of representation BTL 4 Analyzing
levels and minimum number of bits required to represent
each sample to achieve the above performance.
A pulse code modulation system uses a uniform
quantizer followed by a 6 bit encoder. The bit rate of the BTL 5 Evaluating
13.
system is 50 Mbps. Determine the message bandwidth of
the system.
Outline the input-output characteristic of a compressor BTL 1 Remembering
14. and expander.
15. Point out the μ-law of compression. BTL 4 Analyzing
State in your own words the definition for PPM and BTL 2 Understanding
16.
PWM.
17. Express the Quantization noise of a PCM system. BTL 2 Understanding

18. Formulate the concept of PAM and PCM. BTL 6 Creating

19. Outline the concept of TDM. BTL 4 Analyzing

20. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of FDM. BTL 5 Evaluating

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PART – B
(i) Explain the following terms with respect to sampling
Aliasing, Signal Reconstruction and Aperture effect
distortion (7)
1. BTL 1
Remembering
(ii) Outline Time Division Multiplexing system for N-
number of channels. (6)

Illustrate the following sampling procedures with proper Understanding

2. BTL 2
details for Natural Sampling and Flat top Sampling.(13)
(i) Find the sampling rate for the following signal
m(t)=2[cos(500*pi*t).cos(1000*pi*t)] . (7) Applying
3. BTL 3
(ii) Determine the the Nyquist Rate for
m(t)=5*cos(5000*pi*t).cos²(8000*pi*t) . (6)
Let the maximum spectral frequency component (fm) in
an analog information signal be 3.3khz .Can you identify
the frequency spectra of sampled signal under the
4. following relationships between the sampled frequency Analyzing
BTL 4
(fs) and maximum analog signal frequency (fm)
(i) fs=2fm (7)
(ii) fs>2fm & fs<2fm (6)

Compare the concept of Uniform and Non Uniform Analyzing

5. BTL 4
Quantisation. (13)
The T1 carrier system used in digital Telephony
multiplexes 24 voice channels based on 8 but PCM. Each
voice signal is out through a LPF with cut off frequency
of 3.4KHz.The LPF output is sampled at 8 KHz. Then a
6. Evaluating
single bit is added at the end of the frame for the purpose BTL 5
of synchronization. Calculate
(i) Bit duration (5)
(ii) Transmission Rate (5)
(iii) Nyquist bandwidth (3)
A signal m(t) band limited to 4 KHz is sampled at the
rate of 50% higher than Nyquist rate, the maximum
acceptable error in the sample amplitude is 1% of peak
7. BTL 2 Understanding
amplitude. The quantized samples are binary coded. Find
minimum bandwidth of a channel required to transmit
the encode binary signal. (13)

Illustrate and describe the types of Quantizer. Describe

8. the mid tread and midrise type characteristics of uniform Applying
BTL 3
quantizer with suitable diagram. (13)

9. Distinguish various Pulse Modulation Techniques. (13) Analyzing

BTL 4

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(i) Elaborate in detail about logarithmic companding
of speech signals (7) Creating
10. BTL 6
(ii) Point out the sampling rate for the signal , given
m(t)=(1/2*pi)[cos(4000*pi*t)cos(1000*pi*t)](6)
(i) Describe PCM system with neat block diagram?
(7)
11. (ii) What is TDM and mention its applications. Explain BTL 1 Remembering
the difference between analog TDM and digital TDM.
(6)
Write about Frequency Division Multiplexing system for Remembering
12. N- number of channels with neat diagrams. BTL 1
(13)
The bandwidth of TV, Video + audio signal is 4.5 MHz
If the signal is converted to PCM bit stream with 1024
quantization levels. Determine the number of bits per Remembering
13. BTL 1
second generated by the PCM system. Assume that
signal is sampled at the rate of 20% above Nyquist rate.
(13)
(i) Illustrate the principle of quantization and obtain the
expression for the signal to quantization noise ratio in
PCM system. (7)
(ii) The information in an analog signal with maximum
14. frequency of 3 KHz is required to be transmitted using BTL 2 Understanding
16 quantization levels in PCM systems. Interpret the
maximum number of bits per sample that should be used,
the minimum sampling rate required and the resulting
transmission data rate. (6)
PART – C
Deduce the concept of Low pass sampling, Aliasing and
1. BTL 5 Evaluating
Signal Reconstruction. (15)

Propose the ideas about Uniform Quantization and its

2. BTL 6 Creating
types. (15)

Determine the purpose of Non Uniform Quantization

3. BTL 5 Evaluating
and mention the Laws for implementing the same. (15)

Elaborate the concept of PCM with diagram and discuss

4. BTL 6 Creating
the various pulse modulation schemes. (15)

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