National Fire Code

of Canada
I990

Second Revisions and Errata

Issued by the
Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes
National Research Council of Canada
Ottawa

January 1992

The attached pages identify revisions and errata to

the National Fire Code of Canada 1990. The revi-
sions have been approved by the Canadian Commis-
sion on Building and Fire Codes for immediate im-
plementation.
In accordance with the CCBFC Policies and Proce-
dures, the list of referenced documents in Table
1.1.6.A. of the 1990 NFC is updated annually. The
revisions contained herein include updates to 30 June
1991. Where significant changes to the title or the
issuing body have been made, the relevant require-
ments have also been updated.
The errata are corrections which have been identified
and are included to facilitate the use of the Code.
Revisions are identified by an r in the margin nearest
the change; r2 designates a revision issued in January
1992. Errata are identified by an e.
1992 second revisions and errata
1.1.6.2.
Table 1.1.6.A.
1.2.2.1.
2.4.3.3.
3.3.6.14.
4.2.3.1.(2)
Table 4.2.1 1.A.
4.3.1.2.(2)
4.3.2.1.(3)
4.3.11.3.(5)
4.4.7.4.(3), (4)
4.4.8.1.(2)
4.4.9.4.(1)
4.5.5.2.(1), (2)
4.5.6.3.(1)
4.5.8.6.(4)(c)
4.5.9.1.
4.6.6.1.(I)
4.6.6.5.(2)
4.7.5.1.(I)
4.8.2.1.(2)
4.10.3.2.
4.1 1.2.4.(1)
5.5.2.1.
5.12.1.5.
5.18.2.7.
6.3.1.4.
A-1.1.4.1.(I)
A-4.1.1.1 .(I)
A-4.2.7.7.
A-4.3.9.1 .(2)
A-4.3.11.3.(5)
A-4.5.2.9.(2)
Part I
Application and Definitions

Section 1.1 Application II 4 Alternatives

1.I.4.1. Acceptability
I l l General ( I ) Alternatives to requirements in this Code
1.1.I.I.Responsibility. Unless otherwise may be permitted provided the authority having
specified, the owner or the owner's authorized agent jurisdiction is satisfied that
shall be responsible for carrying out the provisions of (a) the existing fire protection measures pro-
this Code. vide an acceptable degree of fire safety, or
(b ) measures are taken to provide an accept-
II 2 Equivalents able degree of fire safety.
(See Appendix A.)
I.1.2.1. Materials, Systems and Equipment
(1) The provisions of this Code are not 1.I.4.2. Intervals between inspections and
intended to limit the appropriate use of materials, Tests. Longer intervals between the inspections
systems and equipment not specifically described and tests specified in this Code may be permitted
herein. provided the authority having jurisdiction is satisfied
that such intervals do not reduce the reliability of the
(2) Materials, systems, equipment and
system or equipment requiring inspection or testing.
procedures not specifically described herein or that
vary from the specific requirements in this Code or
for which no recognized test procedure has been es- II 5 Records
tablished may be used if it can be shown that they are
suitable on the basis of past performance, or on the 1.I.5.1. Retention Period. Where this Code
basis of acceptable tests or evaluation. requires that records of inspections, maintenance
procedures or tests be retained for examination by
(3) Where no published test method exists, the authority having jurisdiction, such records shall be
any test submitted to determine equivalency shall be
retained during the required time interval between
designed to simulate or exceed anticipated service
the inspections, maintenance procedures or tests, or
conditions or shall be designed to compare the per-
formance of the materials, systems or equipment for 2 years, whichever is greater.
with similar materials, systems or equipment that is
known to be acceptable II 6 Referenced Documents
II 3 Alternate Test Standards 1.1.6.1. Conflicting Requirements. When a
conflict exists between the provisions of this Code
1.I.3.1. Acceptability. The results of tests and those of a referenced document, the provisions of
based on test standards other than as described in this Code shall govern.
this Code may be used provided such alternate test
standards will provide comparable results.
 I.I.6.2. Effective Date (2) Where reference is made in this Code to
( I ) Unless otherwise specified herein, the the National Building Code of Canada, such refer-
doculnents referenced in this Code shall include all ence is to the 1990 edition.
ainendments, revisions and supplements effective to (3) Documents referenced in this Code shall
r2 30 June 1991. be the editions designated in Table 1.1.6.A.

Table 1.1.6.A.
Forming Part of Article 1. I .6.2. - -- - -

~ocuments~eferenced
in the National Fire Code of Canada1990
Issuing Document
Number
~ Title of Document-- Reference
I Agency -- 1 -- - - -- - - - -- - -- - -- - - -

r2
1 API
B16.5-1988

5L-1991
-
1 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
- -

Specification for Line Pipe

--- - - -- - -
4.4.5.3.(1)

4.4.2.1 .(4)
4.5.2.8.(1) I
r2 API I Speci,fical.ion for Bolted Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids 4.3.1.2.(1) 1
AP I Specification for Field Welded Tanks for Storage of 4.3.1.2.(1)
Production Liquids
API I Speci,ficationfor Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of
I
Productiorl Liquids
2 API Design and Construction of Large, Welded,
i Low-Pressure Stora.geTanks
Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
I

, API
I
I
RP 1104-1988 i Standard for Welding Pipelines and Related Facililies
r2 1 API 1107-1991 , Recommended Pipeline Maintenance Welding Practices

API 2000-1982 I Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks

API 2200-1983 I Repairs to Crude Oil, Liquefied Petroleum Gas and

I
' Products Pipelines
1 API 2201-1985 I Procedures for Welding or Hot Tapping on
I Equipment Containing Flammables

1989 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

B31.3-1990 Chemlcal Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping
- -
- t - - - - - - -

ASTM A53-90B Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped,

I
1 Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
r2 ASTM I
A1931193M-91A i Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting
Materials for High Temperature Service
+ - - - - - - I I
Column I - - 2 - -- - - 3 I 4 1

4 9Wi
- Table 1.1.6.A. (Cont'd)

Issuing Document Code

Agency Number Title of Document Reference

Specification for Flash Point by the Tag Closed Tester

Specification for Flash Point by the Pensky-Martens
Closed Tester
ASTM 1 D323-90 Specification for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products
(Reid Method)
ASTM 1 D3278-89 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Setaflash
Closed-Cup Apparatus
ASTM D3828-87 Test Method for Flash Point by Setaflash Closed Tester
-- ---
.

CCME
(formerly CCREM)
I --

En40-35911988E
---

Environmenta.1Code of Practice for Underground Storage

Tank Systems Containing Petroleum Products
1~ 4.10.3.2.

CGA 1 CANICGA- Propane InstallationCode 5.6.1.1 .(4)

1 B149.2-M91
--- - --- - -

CGSB CANICGSB- Hospital Textiles - Flammability Performance Requirements

4.162-M80
CGSB 20-GP-12Ma- Braided Water Hose, Knitted or Spiral Wound Reinforcement
1989

CSA Boiler, Pressure Vessel, and Pressure Piping Code

Installation Code for Oil Burning Equipment

CSA 1 8306-MI977 Portable Fl~elTanks for Marine Use

CSA 1 B346-MI980 Power-OperatedDispensing Devices for Flamniable Liquids
Portable Containers for Gasoline and Other Petroleum Fuels
Highway Tanks and Portable Tanks for the Transportation
of Dangerous Goods
Canadian Electrical Code, Part I

CSA
1' CANICSA-
C282-M89
Emergency Electrical Power Supply for Buildings

CSA
1 CANICSA-
W117.2-M87
Safety in Welding, Cutting and
Allied Processes

-
column
- -1 1 2
9wi
 -- --
Table 1.I-6.A. (Cont'd)
- - - - --- -- -- -

I Issuing
Agency
- -
Document
Number
- - - - - -- -
Title of Document
-
Code
Reference
I
1
I
CSA CANICSA-Z245.1 Steel Line Pipe
M90
t - -- -- -

1
-- -- -- --- --- -- -- -- - -- -

e I TC General Order Flammable Liquids Bulk Storage Regulations

(formerly CTC) NO.0-32

General Order Ammonium Nitrate Storage Facilities Regulations

NO.0-36
General Order Pipe Crossings under Railways (No. E-10) Regulations
No. E-10
1982-8 RAIL Railway Prevention of Electric Sparks Regulations
-- -- --- -- -
4.6.6.5.(2)
4.7.5.1 .(I)
- -- I
~
Portable Fire Extinguishers 3.3.4.5.
6.2.1. l .
6.2.3.3.
6.2.3.4.
Table 6.2.3.A.
6.2.4.1.
1 NFPA
I NFPA
Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems
Medium and High Expansion Foam Systems
~
1
6.8.1. I .(I)
6.8.1.1.(I)
I NFPA Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
I 6.8.1.1.(I)
r
r
i NFPA
NFPA
Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems
Halon 1211 Fire Extinguishing Systems
I

II
I
6.8.1.1.(I)
6.8.1.1.(I)
~
NFPA Installation of Sprinkler Systems 1I

iI
3.3.3.3.(2) ~
r NFPA Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems 1I 6.4.1. l . I I
r NFPA Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection i 6.8.1.1.(I) I
r2 I NFPA Deluge Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems and Foam-Water 6.8.1.1.(I)
Spray Systems
NFPA , Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems 1
r
r NFPA Wetting Agents ~
r I NFPA Drycleaning Plants I
I
I

I NFPA Manufacture of Organic Coatings

r NFPA Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and
Gas Turbines i
I NFPA Storage and Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film 1
1 NFPA Storage of Pyroxylin Plastic
- - -- - -

I Column 1 - - - -
3 - - - - - -- - - - - - -
C"r,

Table 1.1.6.A. (Cont'd)

Issuing Document Code

Agency Number Title of Document Reference

NFPA Design and Installation of Oxygen-FuelGas Systems for

Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes
NFPA Guide for Venting of Deflagrations
NFPA Installation, Maintenance and Use of Protective
Signalling Systems
NFPA Incinerators,Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipment
NFPA Ovens and Furnaces
NFPA Installation of Blower and Exhaust Systems for Dust, Stock
and Vapor Removal or Conveying

NFPA Installationof Equipment for the Removal of Smoke and

Grease-LadenVapors from Commercial Cooking Equipment
NFPA General Storage

NFPA Rack Storage of Materials

NFPA Storage of Rubber Tires
NFPA Fire Safety Standard for Powered 1ndustria.lTrucks
NFPA Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame-ResistantTextiles
and Films

I
CPPl 1990 Recommended Practice for Product Identification
(formerly PACE) at Service Stations and Distribution Terminals
~~~-~~ - --

ULC Guide for the Investigationof Metal Safety Containers

ULC Guide for Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic Pipe and Fittings for
Flammable Liquids
ULC Guide for Steel Tanks Mounted on Service Truck Platforms for
Transportation of Flammable and Combustible Liquids
ULC Guide for the lnvestigation of Internal Combustion
Engine-Powered Industrial Trucks
ULC Guide for the lnvestigation of Electric Battery Powered
Industrial Trucks
ULC Guide for the lnvestigation of Valves for Flammable and
Combustible Liquids
ULC Standard Methods of Fire Endurance Tests of Building
Construction and Materials
Column 1 3
 Table 1.I -6.A. (Cont'd).

1
Issuing
Agency

ULC
Document
Number Title of Document

Standard for Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Filnis

I Reference
Code I
Standard Method of Fire Tests for Air Filter Units
r ULC Carbon Dioxide Hand and Wheeled Fire Extinguishers
1ILC Dry Chemical and Dry Powder Hand and Wheeled Fire
Extingi~is
hers
1ILC 9 Litre Stored Pressure Water Type Fire Extinguishers
ULC Rating and Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishers and Class D

1 ;::
Fire Extinguishing Media
Halogenated Agent Hand and Wheeled Fire Extinguishers
Standard for Smoke Alarms
ULC Standard for Inspection and Testing of Fire Alarm Systems
i ULC Standard for Shop Fabricated Steel Aboveground Horizontal
Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Standard for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and
Combustible Liquids
I ULC Galvanic Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel Underground
Tanks for Flammable and Corr~bustibleLiquids

i ULC Hose for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 1

I ULC Reinforced Plastic Underground Tanks for Petroleum Products 1
Standard for Hose Nozzle Valves for Flammable
and Combustible Liquids
1 ULC 1
I
CAN4-S630-M84 Standard for Shop Fabricated Steel Aboveground Vertical
Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids
i I
r ULC 1
I
CANIULC-S633-M90 1 Flexible Underground Hose Connectors for Flammable and
Combustible Liquids
I I I
/ ULC Standard for Corrlpounds and Tapes for Threaded Pipe Joints
r I ULC Standard for Shop Fabricated Steel Above Ground Utility Tanks
for Flammable and Corrlbustible Liquids
Standard for Emergency Vd~esfor F l a m a b k and
Combustible Liquids
Suite means a single room or series of rooms of Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario,
complementary use, operated under a single KIA OR6)
tenancy, and includes dwelling units, individual ACNFC ........Associate Committee on the National
guest rooms in motels, hotels, boarding houses, Fire Code (National Research Council of
rooming houses and dormitories as well as individ- Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, KIA OR6)
ual stores and individual or complementary rooms ANSI .............American National Standards Institute
for business and personal service occupancies. (See (1430 Broadway, New York, New York
Appendix A.) 10018 U.S.A.)
Supervise y staff means those occupants of a building API ................American Petroleum Institute
who have some delegated responsibility for the fire (1220 L Street N.W., Washington, D.C.
safety of other occupants under the fire safety plan 20005 U.S.A.)
and may also refer to the local fire department ASME ...........American Society of Mechanical
where it assumes these responsibilities. Engineers (345 East 47th Street, New
Tank vehicle means any vehicle, other than railroad York, New York 10017 U.S.A.)
tank cars and boats, with a cargo tank having a ASTM ...........American Society for Testing and
capacity of more than 450 L, mounted or built as an Materials (1916 Race Street,
integral part of the vehicle and used for the trans- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103
portation of flammable liquids or combustible liquids U.S.A.)
and including tank trucks, trailers and semi-
trailers. CAN .............National Standard of Canada designa-
tion (The number following the CAN
Tent means a shelter or structure the covering of designation represents the agency under
which is made of pliable material. whose auspices the standard was
Unstable 1iquid means a liquid, including flammable issued. CAN1 designates CGA, CAN2
liquids and combustible liquids, which is chemically designates CGSB, CAN3 designates
reactive to the extent that it will vigorously react or CSA and CAN4 designates ULC.)
decompose at or near normal temperature and CCME ...........Canadian Council of Ministers of the r2
pressure conditions or which is chemically un- Environment (formerly CCREM)
stable when subject to impact. (Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario,
Vapour pressure means the pressure exerted by a KlA 1C8)
liquid as determined by ASTM D323, "Test Method CGA ..............Canadian Gas Association
for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid (55 Scarsdale Road, Don Mills, Ontario
Method)." M3B 2R3)
Vertical service space means a shaft oriented essentially CGSB ............Canadian General Standards Board
vertically that is provided in a building to facilitate (Ottawa, Ontario KlA lG6)
the installation of building services including
mechanical, electrical and plumbing installations CPPI ..............Canadian Petroleum Products Institute r2
and facilities such as elevators, refuse chutes and (formerly PACE) (1202-275 Slater St.,
linen chutes. Ottawa, Ontario KIP 5H9)
CSA ...............Canadian Standards Association
1.2.2. Abbreviations and Symbols (178 Rexdale Blvd., Rexdale, Ontario
M9W 1R3)
I.2.2.1. Abbreviations of Proper Names.
The abbreviations of proper names in this Code shall NFPA ............National Fire Protection Association
have the meanings assigned to them in this Article. (Batterymarch Park, Quincy, Massachu-
The appropriate addresses are shown in brackets setts 02269 U.S.A.)
following the name. TC .................Transport Canada (formerly CTC) r2
ACNBC ........Associate Committee on the National (Railway Safety Directorate, 344 Slater
Building Code (National Research St., 15th moor, Ottawa, Ontario
K1A ON5)
TDGR ...........Transportation of Dangerous Goods
Regulations (Transport Dangerous
Goods Directorate, Transport Canada,
344 Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario
KIA CtN5)
ULC ..............Underwriter's Laboratories of Canada
(7 Crouse Road, Scarborough, Ontario
MlR 3A9)
U.S. DOT ......United States Department of
Transportation (400-7th Street S.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20590 U.S.A.)
WHMIS ........Workplace Hazardous Materials Infor-
mation System (Product Safety Branch,
Consumer and Corporate Affairs
Canada, Place d u Portage, Phase I,
Hull, Quebec KIA OC9)
1.2.2.2. Symbols and Other Abbreviations.
Symbols and other abbreviations in this Code shall
have the meanings assigned to them in this Article.

"C ............................................ degree(s) Celsius

diam. ......................................diameter
div. ........................................division
h ........................................hour(s)
kg .........................................kilogram(s1
kN .......................................... kilonewton(s)
kPa ........................................ kilopascal(s)

min ......................................... minute($

mm .........................................millimetre(s)
mm2/s.................................... centistokes
N ............................................. newton(s)
ppm ........................................parts per million
rpm ........................................ revolutions per minute

t ............................................... tonneb)
V .............................................volt(s)
I .............................................. less than or equal to
 CI

required for the interior finish of the area in which

they are located.
Section 2.4 Fire Hazards
2.3.1 -3. Decorative Materials. Decorative 2.4.1. Combustible Materials
materials on walls or ceilings shall have a flame-spread 2.4.1 -1. Accumulation of Combustible
rating not greater than that required for the interior Materials
*rrr.
finish of the space in which they are located.
(1) Combustible waste materials in and
2.3.1 -4. Interconnected Floor Spaces. around buildings shall not be permitted to accumulate
Combustible contents in interconnected floor spaces in in quantities or locations that will constitute an
which the ceiling is more than 8 m above the floor, undue fire hazard. (See Appendix A.)
shall not exceed the limit specified in Subsection (2) Combustible materials, other than those
3.2.8. of the National Building Code of Canada. for which the location, room or space is designed,
shall not be permitted to accumulate in any part of an
2.3.2. Flame Resistance elevator shaft, ventilation shaft, means of egress, service
room or service space. (See Appendix A.)
2.3.2.1. Drapes, Curtains and Decorative (3) Horizontal concealed spaces, such as
Materials crawl and ceiling spaces, shall not be used for the
(1) Drapes, curtains and other decorative storage of combustible materials.
materials including textiles and films used in build- (4) Combustible materials shall not be stored
ings shall meet the requirements of CAN/ULC-S109, on a roof or adjacent to any building so as to create a
"Standard for Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics fire hazard to the building or its occupants.
and Films," when such drapes, curtains and other
decorative materials are used in 2.4.1 -2. Storage Rooms for Combustible
(a) any Group A or Group B, Division 1 Waste Materials. Where rooms are provided for
occupancy, the storage of combustible waste materials, such
(b) any lobby or exit, or rooms shall conform to the National Building Code
(c) any open floor areas in any Group D, E and of Canada.
F occupancy exceeding 500 m2,except
when the floor area is divided into fire 2.4.1 -3. Absorbent Materials. Combustible
compartments not exceeding 500 m2in area materials shall not be used to absorb flammable liquid
and separated from the remainder of the or combustible liquid spills within buildings.
floor area by fire separations having at least a 2.4.1 -4. Use of Waste Receptacles
1 h fire-resistance rating.
(1) Greasy or oily rags or materials subject to
2.3.2.2. Flame Retardant Treatments. spontaneous heating shall be deposited in a recep-
I Flame retardant treatments shall be renewed as often tacle conforming to Article 2.4.1.5. or be removed
as required to ensure that the material will pass the from the premises.
match flame test in NFPA 701, "Standard Methods of (2) All ashes shall be stored in receptacles
Fire Tests for Flame-Resistant Textiles and Films." conforming to Article 2.4.1.5., and combustible
(See Appendix A.) materials shall not be stored with ashes in the same
container.
2.3.2.3. Hospital Textiles. Mattresses, bed (3) Except as permitted in Article 2.4.1.5.,
linen, window drapes and cubicle curtains used in noncombustible receptacles as required in Sentences
Group B, Division 2 occupancies shall conform to (1) and (2) shall not be placed closer than 1 m from
CAN / CGSB-4.162, "Hospital Textiles - Flammability combustible materials.
#--- Performance Requirements."
 2.4.1.5. Waste Receptacles. Areceptacle 2.4.3.3. Portable Extinguishers. A portable e
required in Article 2.4.1.4. shall be constructed of extinguisher with a minimum rating of 5-BC shall be
noncombustible materials and have a close-fitting located on the serving cart or table where flaming
metal cover and, if the flooring material upon which meals and drinks are being- served.
it is placed is combustible, have a flanged-bottom or
legs not less than 50 mm high. 2.4.3.4. Devices Having Open Flames.
Devices having open flames shall be securely sup-
2.4.1.6. Lint Traps for Laundry Equipment. ported in noncombustible holders and shall b e -
Lint traps in laundry equipment shall be cleaned located or protected so as to prevent accidental
after each use of the equipment. contact of the flame with corrtbustible materials.

2.4.2. Smoking 2.4.4. Use of Hazardous Materials

2.4.2.1. Smoking Areas
2.4.4.1. Flammable Liquids. Flammable liquids
(1) Where conditions are such as to make shall not be used for cleaning purposes except where
smoking a fire or ex~losionhazard, smoking shall be such cleaning is an essential part of the process and
permitted only in acceptable smoking areas. the flammable liquids are stored and handled in con-
(2) The areas where smoking is not permitted formance with part 4.
shall be identified by signs conforming to Article 2.4.4.2. Flammable Gases. Flammable gases
2.4.2.2. shall not be used to inflate balloons unless acceptable.
I (3) Where smoking is permitted, an adequate
number of ash trays shall be provided.
2.4.5. Open Air Fires
2.4.2.2. Signs. Signs prohibiting smoking shall
have black lettering not less than 50 mm high with a 2m4m5m1 . Open Air Except for fires used
12 mm stroke on a yellow background, except that for cooking in fireplaces, grills or barbecues, open air
symbols of not less than 150 mm by 150 mm may be fires shall not be set unless appropriate measures are
used in lieu of lettering. taken to limit their spread. (See Appendix A.)

2.4.3. Open Flames 2.4.6. Vacant Buildings

2.4.3.1. Open Flames in Processions 2.4.6.1. Security. Vacant buildings shall be se-
(1) Open flames whose quantity and method cured against unauthorized entry. (See Appendix A.)
of use create a fire hazard shall not be permitted in
processions
(a) in buildinns used for public assemblies, or Sect ion 2.5 Fire
(b) in diningwareasin ~ r b B,u Division
~ 2
occupancies. Department Access to
2.4.3.2. Flaming Meals and Drinks Buildings
(1) In Group B, Division 2 occupancies, flaming
meals or drinks shall not be served. 2.5.1. General
(2) In places of public assembly, flaming 2.5.1 .I. Street Access. Fire department
meals or drinks shall be ignited at the location of vehicles shall have direct access to at least one face of
serving. every building by means of a street, yard or private
(3) Refuelling of appliances and containers roadway in conformance with the requirements of
used for flaming meals or drinks or for warming food the National Building Code of Canada.
shall be carried out only in an acceptable area.
 (3) Separation of explosives or radioactive 3.3.6.1 I. Spill Control
substances from other dangerous goods shall be in ( I ) Spills of liquid or solid dangerous goods
conformance with Sections 5.2 and 5.9 of this Code, shall be prevented from entering public sanitary and
respectively. storm sewer systems, natural waterways or potable
3.3.6.7. Corrosion Protection. Measures water sources, by
shall be taken to prevent or minimize corrosion or (a) constructing noncombustible sills, curbs or
deterioration of shelving, racks, and piping system dikes of sufficient height to contain the
components, due to contact with stored dangerous spills, or
goods. (b) grading the site or sloping the floor to
divert liquids to a drainage system
3.3.6.8. Flooring Materials. Floors in areas conforming to Subsection 4.1.6.
where dangerous goods are stored shall be constructed (See Appendix A.)
of impermeable materials to prevent the absorption
of chemicals. 3.3.6.1 2. Fire Department Access
3.3.6.9. Fire Suppression Systems ( I ) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and
(3), fire department access to buildings described in
( I) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and Article 3.3.6.1. shall be in conformance with Section
(3), buildings used for the storage of dangerous goods
2.5.
regulated by this Subsection, shall be equipped
throughout with a sprinkler or other fire suppression (2) When the collective individual storage area
system, designed in conformance with Part 6 and for dangerous goods exceeds 10 m2,buildings regulated
good engineering practice with respect to specific by Sentence (1) shall be accessible to fire department
dangerous goods. (See Appendix A.) vehicles from at least two sides for the purpose of fire
fighting. (See Appendix A.)
(2) Buildings described in Sentence (1) need
not be equipped throughout with a sprinkler or other (3) In buildings regulated by Sentence (I),
fire suppression system provided that access openings to each storey provided in confor-
(a) the sum of individual storage areas in the mance with the National Building Code of Canada
building used for the storage of dangerous shall not be less than 750 mm wide by 1 100 mm high.
goods does not exceed 100 m2,and (See Appendix A.)
(b) the dangerous goods are separated in
conformance with the requirements of 3.3.6.1 3. Labels. Products classified as danger-
Table 3.3.6.B. and are stored in fire com- ous goods shall display appropriate identifying labels
partments separated from the remainder of from the time they enter a facility until they are
the building by a fire separation having a issued as finished products or waste material. (See
fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h. Appendix A.)
(3) Buildings described in Sentence (1) need 3.3.6.1 4. Placards
not be equipped throughout with a sprinkler or other
fire suppression system provided that storage con- (1) Individual storage areas used for storage of
sists only of containers of non-flammable, non-corro- dangerous goods shall be clearly designated as such by
sive, non-poisonous or non-oxidizing compressed gas. posted placards conforming to the Transportation of
Dangerous Goods Regulations, and in conformance
3.3.6.1 0. Smoke Venting. Where the
with Sentences (2) to (5). (See Appendix A.)
collective individual storage areas for dangerous goods
exceed 10 m2in a fire compartment, means shall be (2) Where storage consists of a single product,
provided for manual or automatic venting of smoke only the UN Product Identification Number (PIN)
and toxic gases from the storage area under fire need be posted.
conditions. (See Appendix A.)
 (3) Where storage consists of multiple prod-
ucts within the same class, the individual class and
Section 3.5 Salvage Shops
division placard shall be posted. and Salvageyards including
(4) Where storage consists of more than one Automobile Wrecking Yards
class, a placard for each individual class, or the
Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations 3.5.1. General
"Danger" symbol shall be posted at the entrance to
the storage area. 3.5.1.1. Roof Storage. The roof of a building
(5) Individual storage areas described in Sen- located in a salvage yard shall not be used for storage
tence (1) shall be identified in the fire safety plan as purposes.
required in Article 3.3.2.6.
3.5.1.2. Open Fires. Fires shall not be permit-
3.3.6.1 5. Training ted in a salvage yard except when used for heating
purposes or for operating machinery or equipment.
(1) In buildings regulated by this Subsection,
at least one person trained in conformance with the 3.5.1.3. Fencing
Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, in
I
the correct procedures for handling, storing and (1) Salvage yards of more than 1 000 m2shall
offering for transport of dangerous goods shall be in be surrounded by a firmly anchored fence that is
responsible charge during operating hours, and (a) substantially constructed to discourage
available to respond to a day or night emergency. climbing,
(b) not less than 1.8 m high, and
(2) All employees involved in the storage and (c) provided with gates not less than 3 m
handling of dangerous goods shall be provided with wide, to permit the entry of fire depart-
training on safe handling procedures and correct ment vehicles.
responses to an emergency situation.
(2) The gates required in Clause (l)(c)shall be
locked when the salvage yard is not staffed.
Section 3.4 Industrial 3.5.1.4. Spill Control. Provision shall be made
mucks for the safe drainage and disposal of fuel or waste
oils emptied from vehicles, tanks or other containers,
in conformance with Subsection 4.5.7.
3.4.1. General
34.1 1 . Industrial Trucks 3.5.2. Piling
(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and 3.5.2.1. Piles
(3), the designation, use, maintenance and operation
(1) Piles which include combustible salvage
of industrial trucks shall conform to NFPA 505, "Fire shall be at least 3 m from property lines and not more
Safety Standard For Powered Industrial Trucks." than 3 m in height and 100 m2 in area.
(2) Fuel-fired industrial trucks shall conform (2) Piles of salvage material shall be separated
to ULC-C558, "Guide for the Investigation of Internal by a clear space of 3 m, and this space shall be kept
Combustion Engine-Powered Industrial Trucks." clear of all grass and weeds.
(3) Battery-powered industrial trucks shall
(3) Tanks or drums shall be stored in piles
conform to LTLC-C583, "Guide for the Investigation separate from piles of other materials.
of Electric Battery Powered Industrial Trucks."
4.1.9. Liquid Spills and Leaks 4.2.2.2. Fencing. An outside storage area of
flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be fenced
4.1.9.1. Liquid Spills and Leaks in an acceptable manner where necessary to prevent
( I ) Maintenance and operating procedures the entry of unauthorized personnel.
shall be established to prevent the escape of flammable
liquids or combustible liquids to areas where they 4.2.2.3. Separation from Other Dangerous
would create a fire hazard. Goods
( I ) Except as provided in Sentence (2),
(2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), all flammable lzquids and combustible liquids shall be
reasonable steps shall be taken to recover escaped
separated from other dangerous goods in conformance
liquid and to remove or treat the contaminated soil.
with Section 3.3 of this Code.
(3) Liquid spilled or leaked shall be removed
with the aid of an absorbent and disposed of in an (2) For the purposes of applying Table
acceptable manner or shall be flushed to a location 3.3.6.B., Class IIIA combustible liquids shall be treated
conforming to Article 4.1.6.2. as Class 3 dangerous goods. (See Appendix A.)

4.2.3. Drums, Portable Containers,

Section 4.2 Container Prepackaged Containers and
Portable Tanks
Storage and Handling
4.2.3.1. Containers
4.2.1. Application ( I ) Except as permitted in Articles 4.2.3.3. and
4.2.3.4., the storage, handling and use of flammable
4.2.1 .I.Application liquids or combustible liquids in containers having an
(1) This Section applies to the storage and individual capacity of less than 230 L shall be permit-
handling of flammable liquids and combustible liquids in ted only in the following containers:
portable tanks, drums, portable containers and prepack- (a) drums and prepackaged containers meeting
aged containers not covered elsewhere in this Part, the requirements of the Transportation of
except that it shall not apply to the following: Dangerous Goods Regulations,
(a) containers in service stations, bulk plants, (b) portable containers of metal or plastic
and process plants, including refineries and conforming to CSA-B376, "Portable
distilleries, Containers for Gasoline and Other Petro-
(b) fuel tanks for motors or engines, leum Fuels,"
(c) prepackaged containers of alcoholic bever- (c) portable fuel tanks conforming to CSA-
ages, foods and pharmaceutical products, B306, "Portable Fuel Tanks for Marine
and Use," and
(d) other products such as detergents, insecti- (d) safety cans conforming to ULC-C30,
cides and fungicides containing not more "Guide for the Investigation of Metal
than 50 per cent by volume of water- Safety Containers."
miscible flammable liquids or combustible (2) The storage, handling and use of flammable
liquids with the remainder of the solution liquids or combustible liquids in portable tanks shall be
being non-flammable. permitted, provided such tanks are constructed in
conformance with CSA Standard B620, "Highway
4.2.2. General Tanks and Portable Tanks for the Transportation of
Dangerous Goods."
4.2.2.1. Prohibited Locations. Flammable
liquids or combustible liquids shall not be stored in or 4.2.3.2. Markings or Labels
adjacent to exits, elevators or principal routes that ( I ) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and
provide access to exits. Article 4.2.3.1., all drums and prepackaged containers
 for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be (a) 30 L of Class I liquids,
distinctly marked or labelled in easily legible type (b) 150 L of Class I1 liquids, or
which is in contrast to any other printed matter on (c) 600 L of Class IIIA liquids.
the label with a warning to indicate that the material (2) When two or more classes of liquid are
in the container is flammable, that it should be kept stored in the same building, the total quantity permit-
away from heat, sparks and open flames and that it ted for each class of liquid shall be calculated as
should be kept closed when not in use. follows:
(2) Markings referred to in Sentence (1) are
not required when the drum or prepackaged container is
labelled in conformance with the requirements of the
Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and its
Regulations, or the Hazardous Products Act and its
where
Regulations.
q, = the actual quantity of Class I liquid
4.2.3.3. Plastic and Glass Containers. present,
e Except as permitted in Article 4.2.3.4., the storage,
handling and use of flammable Iiquids and combustible q,, = the actual quantity of Class I1 liquid
liquids in glass or plastic prepacked containers shall be present,
permitted only if the required liquid purity (such as q,,,, = the actual quantity of Class IIIA liquid
ACS analytical reagent grade or higher) would be present.
affected by storage in metal containers or if the liquid
(3) Quantities of flammable liquids or combus-
would cause excessive corrosion of the metal contain- tible liquids exceeding those permitted in Sentence (1)
ers. are permitted, provided they are kept in a single
4.2.3.4. Other Containers storage cabinet conforming to Subsection 4.2.10., or
(1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), the in a storage room having no openings that communi-
storage and use of flammable liquids and combustible cate directly with the public portions of the building,
Iiquids having a flash point below 60°C, in containers and conforming to Subsection 4.2.9.
other than those in Article 4.2.3.1., shall not be 4.2.4.3. Storage Cabinets and Storage
permitted within a building. Rooms. The storage cabinet and storage room in
(2) Containers of not more than 1 L capacity Sentence 4.2.4.2.(3)shall not be located above or
in the case of flammable liquids and 5 L in the case of below the first storey.
combustible liquids need not conform to Article 4.2.3.1. 4.2.4.4. Exterior Balconies. Flammable liquids
and combustible liquids shall not be stored on exterior
4.2.4. Assembly and Residential balconies.
Occupancies
4.2.4.5. Dwelling Units. Not more than 15 L of
4.2.4.1. Application. This Subsection shall
flammable liquids and combustible liquids, of which not
apply to the storage and handling of flammable liquids
more than 5 L shall be flammable liquid, are permitted
and combustible liquids in buildings classified as
to be stored in each dwelling unit. (See Sentence
assembly or residential occupancies, except that it shall
4.1.1.I .(3) for oil burning equipment.)
not apply to nonresidential schools, universities or
colleges covered in Subsection 4.2.6. 4.2.4.6. Attached Garages and Sheds. Not
4.2.4.2. Maximum Quantities more than 50 L of flammable liquids and combustible
liquids, of which not more than 30 L shall be flammable
(1) Except as provided in Articles 4.2.4.5. and liquids, are permitted to be stored in a garage or shed
4.2.4.6., the maximum quantity of flammable liquid or
attached to a dwelling unit.
combustible liquid stored in a building described in
Article 4.2.4.1. shall not exceed
89

a point within 300 mm of the floor near a wall, with (2) In industrial occupancies, more than 3
at least one make-up air inlet located near the oppo- cabinets may be located in a fire compartment pro-
site wall. vided
(5) Where make-up air for a mechanical (a) not more than 3 cabinets are grouped
ventilation system is taken from within the building, together in one location, and
glr, the opening shall be protected in conformance with (b) the distance between groups of cabinets in
Subsection 2.2.2. Clause (a) is not less than 30 m.
(6) Make-up air for a natural ventilation (3) In Group B institutional occupancies, only
system shall be supplied directly from outside the one cabinet shall be located in a fire compartment.
building from a source that is remote from any 4.2.1 0.4. Labelling. Cabinets for container
discharge outlet. storage shall be labelled in conspicuous lettering to
- ( 7 ) Ducts used to ventilate a flammable liquid
and combustible liquid storage room shall be used
indicate that the cabinet contains flammable materi-
als and that open flames must be kept away.
solely for that purpose and shall conform to the 4.2.1 0.5. Construction
National Building Code of Canada.
(1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2),
4.2.9.4. Aisles. The contents of flammable liquid storage cabinets in Article 4.2.10.1. shall be con-
and combustible liquid storage rooms in Article 4.2.9.1. structed to limit the internal temperature rise to not
shall be arranged to provide aisle widths of not less more than 139°C above ambient temperature for a
than 1 m. period of 10 min when the entire cabinet is subjected
to a temperature equal to that set forth in CAN/ r
4.2.9.5. Dispensing. Dispensing of flammable
.- liquids or combustible liquids from drums shall be by ULC-S101-M "Standard Methods of Fire Endurance
acceptable pumps or through acceptable self-closing Tests of Building Construction and Materials."
valves. (2) When acceptable, wood storage cabinets
constructed in conformance with Clauses (a) to (g)
4.2.9.6. Portable Extinguishers. Portable may be used in lieu of those described in Sentence
extinguishers shall be provided for storage rooms (1).
described in Article 4.2.9.1. in conformance with (a) The top, sides and bottom of wood
Part 6. cabinets shall be constructed of an exterior
grade of plywood not less than 25 mm
4.2,10. Cabinets for Container thick.
_- Storage (b) A 50 mm deep liquid-tight metal pan shall
be provided at the bottom of wood
4.2.1 0.1. Containers. Flammable liquids and cabinets.
combustible liquids stored in cabinets required in this (c) All joints on wood cabinets shall be
Part shall be in containers conforming to Sentence rabbeted and fastened in 2 directions with
4.2.3.1.(I). flathead wood screws.
(d) When more than one door is used on
*n 4.2.1 0.2. Maximum Quantities. The total wood cabinets, there shall be a rabbeted
quantity of flammable liquids and combustible liquids
stored in a cabinet shall be 500 L, of which not more overlap of not less than 25 mm.
than 250 L may be flammable liquids. (e) Hinges on wood cabinets shall be
mounted so as to maintain their holding
4.2.1 0.3. Maximum Number of Cabinets capacity due to loosening or burning-out

- (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and

(3), not more than 3 cabinets shall be located in a fire
compartment.
of the screws.
(f) Doors on wooden cabinets shall be
provided with latches that will keep them
securely closed.
 (g) Wood cabinets shall be provided with (b) the exposed wall has a fire-resistance rating
liquid-tight sills beneath doors, extending of at least 2 h and has no openings within
not less than 50 mm above the bottom of 3 m of such outdoor storage.
the cabinet.
4.2.1 I.2. Mixed Storage. Where 2 or more
4.2.1 1. Outdoor Container Storage liquids with different flash points are stored outdoors
in containers that form a single pile, the maximum
42.1 II . Quantities and Clearances total quantity permitted in the pile shall be equal to
that permitted for the liquid with the lowest flash
( I ) Except as provided in Sentence (21, the
quantities and clearances for flammable liquids and point.
combustible liquids stored in drums, portable containers 4.2.1 1.3. Fire Department Access. A lane
and prepackaged containers in outdoor storage areas not less than 6 m wide constructed in conformance
shall conform to Table 4.2.11.A. with the National Building Code of Canada shall be
(2) The clearances required in Sentence (1) do provided in outdoor storage areas to permit the
not apply where not more than 5 000 L of flammable approach of fire department vehicles to within 60 m
liquids or combustible liquids are stored adjacent to a of any part of a pile. (See Appendix A.)
building on the same property, provided that either
4.2.1 I.4. Spill Control. Outdoor storage areas
(a) the building is limited to 1 storey in building
for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be de-
height and is used for the storage or
signed to accommodate possible spillage in confor-
handling of flammable liquids or combustible
mance with Subsection 4.1.6.
liquids, or

Table 4.2.1 1.A.

Forrnirrg Part of Article 4.2.1 1.1.
Outdoor Container Storage

Minimum Distance
Maximum to a Property Line
Class of Liquid Total Quantity, Minimum Distance or to a Building on the
per Pile, L Between Piles, m Same Property, m

Class IA
(Flash point below 5 000 1.5 6
22.8"C)
Class I B or I C
e (Flash point at or above 15 000 1.5 6
22.8"C and below 37.8"C)
Class I 1
(Flash point at or above 35 000 1.5 6
37.8"C and below 60°C)
Class I I I A
(Flash point at or above
60°C and below 93.3"C)
1 85000 1.5 6

Column 1 2 3 4
 Section 4.3 Tank (3) When necessitated for reasons of possible
contamination of the liquid to be stored or possible
Storage rapid corrosion of the tank, storage tanks need not
conform to Sentence (I), provided that they are de-
signed and built in conformance with good engineer-
- 4.3.1. Design, Construction and
Use of Storage Tanks
ing practice for the material being used.
(4) Atmospheric storage tanks shall not be used
for the storage of flammable gquids or combustible
4.3.1 .I.Application. This Section applies to liquids at temperatures at or above their boiling
storage tanks for flammable liquids and combustible points.
liquids.
4.3.1.3. Low Pressure Storage Tanks and
4.3.1.2. Atmospheric Storage Tanks Pressure Vessels
(1) Except as permitted in Sentence (3) and in (1) Low pressure storage tanks shall be con-
Section 4.9, atmospheric storage tanks shall be built in structed in conformance with
conformance with the following: (a) API-620, "Design and Construction of
(a) CAN4-S601, "Standard for Shop Fabri- Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage
cated Steel Aboveground Horizontal Tanks," or
Tanks for Flammable and Combustible (b) "Pressure Vessels," Section VIII, Division
Liquids," 1 of the ASME "Boiler and Pressure Vessel
(b) CAN4-S603, "Standard for Steel Under- Code."
ground Tanks for Flammable and Com-
(2) Pressure vessels shall be constructed in
bustible Liquids," conformance with CSA B51, "Boiler, Pressure Vessel,
(c) CAN4-S603.1, "Galvanic Corrosion
and Pressure Piping Code."
Protection Systems for Steel Underground
Tanks for Flammable and Combustible (3) Low pressure storage tanks and pressure
Liquids," vessels may be used as atmospheric storage tanks.
(d) CAN4-S615, "Standard for Reinforced 4.3.1.4. Operating Pressure. The normal
Plastic Underground Tanks for Petroleum operating pressure of a storage tank shall not exceed
Products," its design pressure.
(e) CAN4-S630, "Standard for Shop Fabri-
cated Steel Aboveground Vertical Tanks 4.3.1.5. Corrosion Protection. The exposed
for Flammable and Combustible Liquids," surface of every aboveground storage tank for Pam-
(f) ULC-S643, "Standard for Shop Fabricated mable liquids or combustible liquids which is fabricated
Steel Aboveground Utility Tanks for of any ferrous substance shall be thoroughly coated
Flammable and Combustible Liquids," with rust-resisting material compatible with the tank.
(g) API-650, "Welded Steel Tanks for Oil 4.3.1.6. Floating Roofs. Except for perimeter
Storage," sealing material, floating roof assemblies or internal
(h) API-12B, "Specification for Bolted Tanks floating covers installed in storage tanks shall be
for Storage of Production Liquids," constructed of metal or other acceptable materials and
(i) API-12D, "Specification for Field Welded design.
Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids,"
or 4.3.2. Installation of Outside
(j) API-12F, "Specification for Shop Welded Aboveground Storage Tanks
Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids."
(2) Tanks built in conformance with the 4.3.2.1. Location
standards in Clauses (l)(h),(i) and (j) shall be used (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4),
only for the storage of crude petroleum at oil fields. every aboveground storage tank for the storage of
 flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be located 4.3.2.2. Spacing between Storage Tanks
in conformance with Table 4.3.2.A. with respect to (1) Except as required in Sentence (2) and
property lines and buildings. Article 4.3.2.3., the minimum distance between
(2) The minimum required distance in aboveground storage tanks shall be half the diameter
Sentence (1) from a storage tank to a property line or of the smaller of every 2 adjacent tanks where any
to a building on the same property is permitted to be one of the tanks has a capacity exceeding 250 000 L,
reduced to 1.5 m provided the tank contains only but in no case shall the distance be less than 1 m.
combustible liquids and does not exceed 50 000 L stor- (2) The minimum distance between any 2
age capacity. storage tanks, neither of which has a capacity of more
(3) At bulk plant rail loading and unloading than 250 000 L shall be 1 m.
facilities, the minimum distance from a storage tank to
4.3.2.3. Clearances from Liquefied
a property line or to a building on the same property
Petroleum Gas Containers
may be reduced to the limits specified in General
Order 0-32, "Flammable Liquids Bulk Storage (1) The minimum separation between a
e Regulations" of Transport Canada. flammable liquid or combustible liquid storage tank and a
liquefied petroleum gas cylinder or tank shall be 6 m.
(4) The minimum distance from a storage tank
to a building on the same property may be reduced to (2) Diked storage areas for flammable liquids
0.5 m provided the tank and combustible liquids shall not contain liquefied
(a) contains only combustible liquids, and petroleum gas cylinders or tanks, and the centre line
(b) does not exceed 5 000 L capacity. of the dike shall be not less than 3 m away from such
cylinders or tanks.
(5) Where end failure of horizontal storage
tanks may endanger adjacent property, the tanks shall 4.3.2.4. Access for Fire Fighting. Storage
be placed with the longitudinal axis parallel to such tanks for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall
property. be spaced so that each storage tank is accessible for
fire fighting purposes.
4.3.2.5. Testing. At the time of installation,
aboveground storage tanks and associated piping shall
Table 4.3.2.A. be tested in conformance with Subsection 4.3.16. and
Forrr~ingPart of Sentence 4.3.2.1.(I) 4.4.6.

Location of Aboveground Storage Tanks 4.3.3. Supports, Foundations and

Anchorage for Aboveground
Storage Tanks
Maximum Storage Tank to Property
4.3.3.1. Foundations and Supports
Tank Capacity, L Line or to a Building on
the Same Property, m (1) Storage tanks shall rest on the ground on
foundations or on supports made of concrete, ma-
sonry, piling or steel in conformance with Appendix
250 000 B of API-650, "Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage" e
500 000 and Appendices C and D of API-620, "Design and e
Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Stor- r2
2 500 000
age Tanks."
5 000 000
(2) Tank supports shall be installed on firm
over 5 000 000 foundations designed to minimize uneven settling of
I
the tank and to minimize corrosion of the part of the
Column 1 2 tank resting on the foundation.
 recovery system, the vent piping shall be sized to 4.3.1 2. Installation of Storage
accommodate the maximum vapour flow possible in Tanks inside Buildings
the system.
4.3.1 2.1. Occupancy
(3) Vent piping for an underground storage
tank containing a flammable liquid shall not be con- (1) Except as provided in Articles 4.3.12.2.
nected to the vent piping for a storage tank containing and 4.3.12.3., storage tanks shall not be permitted in
a combustible liquid unless an effective method is other than industrial occupancies.
provided to prevent the vapours from the flammable (2) Rooms and floor areas used for storage of
liquids storage tank from entering the other tank. flammable liquids or combustible liquids in storage tanks
inside buildings shall be classified as Group F, Divi-
4.3.1 1. Openings Other than Vents sion 1 occupancies in conformance with the National
in Underground Storage Building Code of Canada. (See Appendix A.)
Tanks 4.3.1 2.2. Oil Burning Equipment. Storage
4 3 11 1.. Connections. Connections for all
tanks for combustible liquids used as a fuel supply for
stationary engines shall be installed in conformance
openings in underground storage tanks shall be liquid with the requirements of CSA B139, "Installation
and vapour tight. Code for Oil Burning Equipment" for supply tanks
4.3.1 1.2. Openings for Measuring Liquid installed inside buildings.
Level. Openings for measuring liquid levels in 4.3.1 2.3. Stationary Combustion Engines
underground storage tanks if independent of the fill
pipe shall be equipped with a vapour-tight cap or (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2),
cover which shall be opened only when measuring installations using flammable liquids as fuel supplies
the liquid level. for stationary engines inside buildings shall conform
to NFPA 37, "Installation and Use of Stationary
4.3.1 1.3. Fill Piping and Discharge Piping Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines."
(1) Fill piping and discharge piping shall (2) In buildings which contain only stationary
enter underground storage tanks only through the top engines and associated generating or pumping
of the tank and discharge piping used in suction equipment, flammable liquids may be used as fuel
systems shall be sloped toward the storage tanks. supplies provided the installation conforms to this
(2) Remote fill outlets from an underground Part.
storage tank shall not be located higher than other 4.3.1 2.4. Maximum Quantities and
outlets from the tank.
Location
e (3) Except as provided in Sentence 4.5.7.2.(2),
connections used as part of normal operating condi- (1) Except as provided in Subsection 4.2.8.,
and in Article 4.3.12.7., storage tanks for flammable
tions for filling or emptying storage tanks for flammable
liquids or combustible liquids shall be
e liquids and combustible liquids shall be located outside
buildings at a location free of sources of ignition and (a) located in dedicated rooms conforming to
Subsection 4.3.13., and
not less than 1.5 m away from building openings.
(b) located in conformance with Table
(4) Connections for filling or emptying storage 4.3.12.A.
tanks in Sentence (3) shall be kept closed to prevent
leakage when not in use. (2) When quantities greater than are permit-
ted for incidental use in Subsection 4.2.8. are required
(5) Connections for filling or emptying storage for special process operations, storage tanks for

- r2 tanks in Sentence (3) shall be identified in confor-

mance with CPM "Recommended Practice for
Product Identification at Service Stations and Distri-
bution Terminals."
flammable liquids or combustible liquids are permitted to
be located outside of a storage room conforming to
Subsection 4.3.13., provided that
I (a) total quantities are not more than one-half
the quantities permitted in Table 4.3.12.A.,
I
(b) they are located on the first storey, and
(c) the installation conforms to Articles where
4.3.12.7. to 4.3.12.10. and Article 4.3.13.3.
q, = the actual quantity of Class I liquid
(3) Quantities permitted in Sentence (2) to be present,
outside of a storage room shall be included in the
total quantity allowed per storey in Table 4.3.12.A. q,, = the actual quantity of Class 11 liquid
present,
4.3.1 2.5. Maximum Static Head. The static q,,,, = the actual quantity of Class IIIA liquid
head imposed on a storage tank inside a building shall
not exceed 70 kPa (gauge) at the bottom of the tank present,
when the vent or fill pipe is filled with liquid unless Q, = the maximum quantity of Class I liquid
the tank is designed for greater pressures. permitted in Table 4.3.12.A.,
4.3.1 2.6. Mixed Storage. When two or more Q,, = the maximum quantity of Class I1 liquid
classes of liquids are stored in a single storey, the total permitted in Table 4.3.12.A.,
quantity permitted for each class of liquid shall be Q,,,, = the maximum quantity of Class IIIA
calculated as follows: liquid permitted in Table 4.3.12.A.

Table 4.3.12.A.
Forming Part of Article 4.3.1 2.4.

Tank Storage of Flammable Liquids and Combustible Liquids in Rooms

Class of Liquid

CLASS I
(Flash point below
37.8"C)
Location of
Dedicated
Room

First storey
Storeys above
the first storey
C Storage
Maximum Quantity per Storey(2),L

Protected ('1
One or more Tanks

Unprotected
Storage

25 000
Not Permitted

Basement Not Permitted Not Permitted

CLASS I1 and IIIA First storey 100 000

( Flash point Storeys above Not Permitted
at or above 37.8OC the first storey
and below 93.3OC) Basement Not Permitted

Column 1 2 3 4
Notes to Table 4.3.12.A.:
('1 See Article 4.2.7.7. for guidance on acceptable protection.
(2) See Article 4.3.1 3.1.
in conformance with ANSI B16.5, "Pipe Flanges and 4.4.6.4. Failure Criteria. Piping systems shall
Flanged Fittings, Steel Nickel Alloy and Other be considered to be leaking when any pressure drop
Special Alloys." or volume loss is detected within a 2 h period after
(2) Bronze flanges for 2 in. or smaller size steady temperature conditions have been established
piping in Article 4.4.5.2. may be used where copper and the source of pressure has been removed.
and brass piping is permitted.
4.4.6.5. Test Equipment. Pressure measure-
4.4.5.4. Bolting Materials. Bolting materials ments in Article 4.4.6.1. shall be obtained by using
for flanged connections in steel piping systems for instruments calibrated in increments of not more
flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be of alloy than 4 kPa for test pressures up to 700 kPa (gauge)
steel equivalent to ASTM A193, "Alloy-Steel and and in increments of not more than 1 per cent of the
Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High Tempera- test pressure where it exceeds 700 kPa (gauge).
ture Service," Grade B-7.
4.4.6.6. Test Pressures
4.4.5.5. Gaskets. Gaskets in flanged connec- (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and
tions shall be of a material resistant to the liquid (3) and Article 4.4.6.7., piping systems shall be
being carried and capable of withstanding tempera- pressure tested at pressures of not less than 350 kPa
tures of 650°C and above without damage. (gauge) or 1.5 times the maximum operating pres-
sure, whichever is the greater.
4.4.6. Leakage Testing of Piping (2) Test pressures exceeding 700 kPa (gauge)
Systems shall not be permitted except when the piping system
4.4.6.1. Leakage Testing is designed for such pressures.
(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), piping (3) Where test pressures exceed the design
systems including those at service stations, shall be pressures for pumps or similar components included
tested for leakage by an acceptable test method before in the piping system being tested, such pumps or
backfilling at the time of installation and whenever a components shall be isolated from the remainder of
leak is suspected. the system.
(2) Exposed piping systems in service may be 4.4.6.7. Flammable Liquids as a Test
visually inspected for leakage in conformance with Medium. Flammable liquids shall not be used for
Sentence 4.4.11.3. pressure testing piping systems, except that pressure
lines normally containing flammable liquids may be
(3) When exposed piping systems are sub- tested with such liquids at pressures not exceeding
jected to a pneumatic leakage test, the piping, includ-
ing the joints, shall be soaped to assist in the detec- their maximum operating pressures.
tion of leaks. 4.4.7. Location and Arrangement
4.4.6.2. Retention of Records. Records of the of Piping
pressure tests on piping systems shall be retained for 4.4.7.1. Location
examination by the authority having jurisdiction, in
conformance with Article 1.1.5.1. (1) Piping shall be installed outdoors when-
ever possible and located so it will not create a
4.4.6.3. Remedial Action. If a leak is detected hazard to buildings or equipment.
in a piping system during the leakage test, the piping (2) Where piping for flammable liquids or
system shall be repaired or replaced and the escaped combustible liquids is installed within a building, the
liquid shall be removed in conformance with Subsec- length of piping shall be as direct and as short as
tion 4.1.9. practicable.
 4.4.7.2. Supports for Aboveground Outdoor 4.4.7.5. Installation of Underground Piping
Piping (1) Underground piping shall be supported
(1) Aboveground outdoor piping shall be on undisturbed or compacted soil and shall be
supported and arranged to prevent excessive vibra- backfilled on the top and sides with not less than
tion and stress on equipment connected to it. 300 mm of pea gravel or clean crushed stone or not
(2) When vehicular impact or physical less than 300 mm of clean sand, free of cinders and
damage is possible, protective guarding devices shall stones and compacted in layers not more than
be provided for piping in Sentence (1)and for fill 300 mm thick.
pipes for storage tanks. (2) Where it is not practicable to support
piping as required in Sentence (1)on undisturbed
4.4.7.3. Arrangement of Aboveground soil, it shall be supported on not less than 150 mm of
Outdoor Piping clean sand, pea gravel or washed, crushed stone.
(1) Aboveground outdoor piping shall not be 4.4.7.6. Piping in Service Tunnels. Piping
permitted to be located on the exterior of walls except for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall not be
on those of noncombustible construction, and in no case located in service tunnels that are used for pedestrian
shall such piping be located above windows. traffic.
(2) Aboveground outdoor piping located
above roofs shall not be permitted except above roofs 4.4.7.7. Piping at Entrances to Buildings
of noncombustible and impermeable construction, with (1) Piping for flammable liquids or combustible
provision for accidental spillage provided in confor- liquids shall be located aboveground where the
mance with Subsection 4.1.6. piping enters a building.
(3) Where aboveground piping crosses (2) Piping referred to in Sentence (1)shall be
roadways or railway sidings, ample overhead provided with inside and outside shut-off valves.
clearance and warning signs indicating the clearance (3) Where piping referred to in Sentence (1)
height shall be provided. passes through a wall which would restrict the
(4) Piping passing though dike walls shall be expansion or contraction of the piping, pipe sleeves
designed to prevent excessive stress resulting from shall be provided at the wall penetration to facilitate
settlement or fire exposure. such movement.

4.4.7.4. Underground Piping 4.4.7.8. Indoor Piping

(1) Underground piping shall be located so it (1) Indoor piping for flammable liquids or
will not be damaged as a result of vibrations or combustible liquids shall either be supported overhead
settling of an adjacent building or structure. or be located in trenches conforming to Article
4.4.7.9.
(2) Underground piping shall be located not
less than 300 mm away from the foundations of any (2) Piping referred to in Sentence (1)shall not
building or structure, except where such piping enters be installed under combustible flooring.
the building as permitted in Article 4.4.7.7. 4.4.7.9. Piping in Trenches
(3) Piping passing under railway tracks shall (1) Where indoor piping for flammable liquids
be installed in conformance with General Order or combustible liquids is installed in trenches, trapped
e No. E-10, "Pipe Crossings Under Railways (No. E-10) drains conforming to Subsection 4.1.6. shall be pro-
Regulations," issued by Transport Canada. vided.
(4) Piping adjacent to railway tracks shall be (2) When piping referred to in Sentence (1)
installed in conformance with General Order No. O- contains flammable liquids, the trench shall be pro-
32, "Flammable Liquids Bulk Storage Regulations," vided with positive ventilation to the outdoors or
e issued by Transport Canada. shall be designed to prevent the accumulation of
flammable vapours.
4.4.7.1 0. Overhead Piping 4.4.8. Valves in Piping Systems
(1) Overhead piping for flammable liquids or 4.4.8.1. Design
combustible liquids shall be installed close to the
ceiling or beams or along walls not less than 1.8 m (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), valves
above the floor to protect it against mechanical in piping systems for flammable liquids or combustible
damage. liquids shall be designed to accommodate the tem-
peratures and pressures of those systems and shall
(2) Where practicable, overhead piping conform to ULC-C842, "Guide for the Investigation
referred to in Sentence (1) shall be supported from of Valves for Flammable and Combustible Liquids."
building framing members.
(2) Every hose nozzle valve shall conform to
(3) In buildings of steel frame construction, CAN / ULC-S620-M, "Standard for Hose Nozzle r2
piping referred to in Sentence (1) shall be fastened to Valves for Flammable and Combustible Liquids,"
steel beams or columns by acceptable pipe hangers and every emergency valve shall conform to CAN/
attached to the flanges. ULC-S651-M, "Standard for Emergency Valves for
(4) Piping under concrete ceilings shall be Flammable and Combustible Liquids."
suspended with the use of through bolts or expan-
sion shields. 4.4.8.2. Shut-Off Valves
(1) Shut-off valves shall be provided in all
4.4.7.1 1. Supports for Overhead Piping flammable liquid or combustible liquid piping and
(1) Piping shall be supported on pipe hangers pumping systems.
or other supports so that allowable stresses in the (2) Where practicable, valves referred to in
pipe are not exceeded. (See Appendix A.) Sentence (1) shall be located outdoors or be immedi-
(2) Anchors of the expansion shield type used ately accessible from outdoors.
to suspend piping shall not be used to suspend (3) Except as permitted in Sentence (4) steel
piping from unsound or lightweight concrete or from shut-off valves shall be provided
gypsum assemblies. (a) at connections to all aboveground storage
tanks,
4.4.7.12. Protection of Pipe Risers. Ex- (b) on supply piping where it enters buildings
posed pipe risers shall be protected against mechani- or structures,
cal damage by installing such risers adjacent to walls (c) on branch lines from the main supply line,
or pilasters, between flanges of steel columns or (d) on supply lines at dispensing locations,
within securely anchored larger perforated pipe, and and
by providing mechanical guards where the risers are (e) to isolate one part of a piping system from
exposed to mobile equipment. another.
4.4.7.1 3. Provision for Expansion and (4) Stainless steel, monel metal or lined steel
bodied valves may be used when special conditions
Contraction
warrant their use.
(1) In the design of flammable liquid or
combustible liquid piping systems, provision shall be 4.4.8.3. Diaphragm Valves. Diaphragm
made for thermal expansion and contraction. valves shall have no direct connections between the
liquid and air section that might permit leakage of
(2) Flexible hose connectors conforming to the liquid past the packing into the air lines.
CAN / ULC-S633-M, "Flexible Underground Hose
Connectors for Flammable and Combustible Liquids" 4.4.8.4. Globe Valves. Globe valves shall be
may be used where necessary in systems carrying arranged so that the packing is on the low pressure
flammable liquids or combustible liquids to prevent side.
excessive stresses resulting from vibration, settling or 4.4.8.5. Indicating Valves. Rising stem or
temperature changes. other indicating valves shall be used where necessary
to determine whether the valves are open or shut.
 4.4.8.6. Meters. Where cast iron meters are (2) Systems permitted in Sentence (1) shall,be
used, they shall be isolated by the use of steel valves. installed and tested as complete units and shall
conform to the following:
4.4.8.7. ldentification
(a) unheated sections of piping shall be
(1) All aboveground valves shall be identified isolated from heated sections by means of
so that nonconductive fittings;
(a) valves controlling flammable liquids are (b) thermostatic controls, high temperature
identified by an octagonal red tag, and limit controls and fuses shall have the
(b) valves controlling combustible liquids are lowest practical rating to ensure satisfac-
identified by a circular tag coloured other tory operation;
than red, green or red-orange. (c) all parts of the piping and fittings shall be
(2) Identification tags required in Sentence (1) enclosed by insulating coverings of a type
shall be of enamelled metal, anodized aluminum, which will prevent accidental grounding
pressed fibre or solvent resistant plastic. of the systems; and
(3) Identification tags shall indicate the name
(d) switches, transformers, contactors and
of the product in clear, legible, permanent characters. other spark-producing equipment shall be
located in an area not subject to flammable
(4) Every identification tag shall be kept clean vapours.
so that its colour and inscription are easily recogniz-
able. (3) Upon completion of installation, systems
permitted in Sentence (1)shall be tested to ensure
4.4.9. Heating of Piping Systems that all components are functioning as intended.

4.4.9.1. Design. Heating equipment for piping 4.4.9.5. Open Flames. The use of open flames
systems containing flammable liquids or combustible as a heat source shall not be permitted for heating
liquids shall be designed not to overheat or create an piping for flammable liquids or combustible liquids.
ignition source for the liquids being heated.
4.4.10. Methods of Wansfer in
4.4.9.2. Steam Heating Piping Systems
(1) Flammable liquid and combustible liquid 4.4.1 0.1. Location of Outdoor Pumps.
piping may be heated by steam lines provided the
Pumps for flammable liquid or combustible liquid piping
minimum steam temperature and pressure to make
systems installed aboveground and outside of
the liquid fluid are used and Sentences (2) and (3) are
buildings shall be located not less than 3 m from the
complied with. property line and not less than 1.5 m from building
(2) A pressure regulator shall be provided in openings.
the steam line with a relief valve on the downstream
side of the regulator. 4.4.10.2. Pump Houses and Pump Rooms
(3) Piping and steam lines shall be enclosed in (1) Pumps located indoors shall be in rooms
insulation conforming to the requirements of the that conform to the requirements of Subsection 4.2.9.
National Building Code of Canada. (2) Pump houses and pump rooms shall not
be used for any purpose other than to serve the
4.4.9.3. Electrical Heating Cables. Electri- pumping equipment.
cal heating cables including electrical induction
heating shall conform to Subsection 4.1.4. 4.4.1 0.3. Pits
4.4.9.4. Thermal Electrical Conduction (1) Pits for subsurface pumps for piping
Heating systems or for piping connected to submersible
pumps shall be designed to withstand the forces to
(1) Thermal electrical conduction heating which they may be subjected without causing
e conforming to Sentence (2) may be used by passing a damage to the system.
low-voltage alternating current through the pipe.
 pensing unit into a vehicle tank shall conform to (3) The emergency valve required in Sentence
* ULC-S620Mf "Standard for Hose Nozzle Valves for (1)shall be maintained in operating condition and
Flammable and Combustible Liquids" and shall be serviced at least every 12 months.
constructed so that the valve
(a) can be kept open only by the continuous 4.5.6.4. Pump Location
application of manual pressure, or (1) Pumps installed aboveground and outside
(b) is equipped with a device at the nozzle buildings shall be located not less than 3 m from any
which will property line and 1.5 m from any building opening.
(i) allow automatic dispensing, (2) When an outside pump location is imprac-
(ii) automatically shut off when the tical, pumps may be installed inside buildings as
vehicle tank is filled, and provided in Article 4.5.2.2. or in pits as provided in
(iii) shut off if the nozzle is dropped or Article 4.5.2.11.
falls from the fill pipe.
(2) Dispensing nozzles at marine service 4.5.6.5. Leakage Testing. After the comple-
stations and self-service outlets shall be of the auto- tion of the installation, including paving, all under-
matic closing type without a hold-open device and ground lines connected to tanks shall be tested for
* shall conform to ULC-S620M, "Standard for Hose leakage in conformance with Subsection 4.4.6.
Nozzle Valves for Flammable and Combustible
Liquids." 4.5.6.6. Marine Service Stations
(1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), tanks
4.5.6. Remote Pumping Systems and pumps not integral with the dispensing unit at
marine service stations shall be located on the shore or
4.5.6.1. Application. This Subsection shall on a pier of the solid-fill type.
apply to systems for dispensing flammable liquids or
combustible liquids where such liquids are transferred (2) Where shore locations would result in
from bulk storage to individual or multiple dispens- excessively long supply lines to the dispenser, storage
ing units by pumps located elsewhere than at the tanks may be installed on a pier provided
dispensing units. (a) that the applicable portions of Subsection
4.3.7. relating to spacing, diking and
4.5.6.2. Pumps and Control Equipment piping are complied with, and
(1) Pumps, including associated control (b) the quantity stored does not exceed
equipment, shall be designed so that the system will 5 000 L aggregate capacity.
not be subject to pressures above the design working (3) No storage tank at a marine service station
pressure. shall be located closer than 4.5 m horizontally from
(2) Pumps shall be securely anchored and the normal annual high-water mark.
protected against damage from vehicles. (4) Storage tanks located on shore and
4.5.6.3. Emergency Valves supplying marine service stations may be located
r2 (1) An emergency valve conforming to CAN/ aboveground where rock or a high water table make
underground tanks impractical.
ULC-9351-M, "Standard for Emergency Valves for
Flammable and Combustible Liquids" and incorpo- (5) Where storage tanks at a marine service
rating a fusible element having a maximum tempera- station are at an elevation above the dispensing unit,
ture rating of 71°C shall be installed in the supply an electrically operated solenoid valve, designed to
line so that the shear point of the valve is at a level open only when the dispensing apparatus is being
not higher than nor more than 25 mm below the base operated, and to prevent gravity draining of the tank
of the dispensing unit. in the event of a rupture of the supply line to the
dispensing unit, shall be provided at the storage tank
(2) Emergency valves required in Sentence (1) outlet, positioned adjacent to and outside the valve
shall close automatically in the event of severe specified in Article 4.3.6.1.
impact or fire exposure to the dispensing unit.
 (6) Piping between storage tanks located on liquids with flash points below 60°C into the fuel tanks
shore and dispensing units at a marine service station of motor vehicles or watercraft or into portable
shall conform to Section 4.4., except that where containers.
dispensing is from a floating structure, suitable
lengths of acceptable flexible hose may be employed 4.5.8.2. Self-Service Out lets
between the piping on shore and the piping on the ( I ) Instructions for the operation of dispens-
floating structure. ing units in self-service outlets shall be posted in a
conspicuous location.
4.5.7. Drainage and Waste (2) A control console shall be provided at self-
Disposal service outlets within 25 m of all dispensing units so
that the attendant has an unobstructed view of all
4.5.7.1. Spill Control and Waste Disposal units at the same time.
( I ) Provision shall be made in areas where (3) The control console in Sentence (2) shall be
flammable liquids are dispensed to prevent spilled equipped to regulate the operation of each dispens-
liquid from entering buildings or waterways by ing unit.
providing grading or curbing and drainage.
(4) A 2-way communication system between
(2) Flammable liquids and combustible liquids the control console and each pump island shall be
shall not be dumped into sewers but shall be stored provided at self-service outlets.
outside in tanks or drums conforming to Article
4.5.7.2. until removed from the premises. (5) At service stations which provide both
attended service and self-service, the attendant
1 4.5.7.2. Waste Oil required in Sentence 4.5.8.1.(1) is permitted to
( I ) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and dispense flammable liquids or cornbustible liquids at the
(3), the storage and handling of waste oil shall attended service island, provided that
conform to the appropriate requirements for the (a) each island has an emergency shut-off
storage and handling of flammable liquids contained in switch as described in Article 4.5.4.2., and
this Part. (See Appendix A.) (b) the attendant is never more than 25 m
from the self-service island or control
(2) A pipe to convey waste oil is permitted to console.
extend inside a building provided that such pipe is
equipped with a trap, and extends to the lowest point 4.5.8.3. Special Dispensing Devices.
in a waste oil storage tank. Except as provided in Article 4.5.8.4. for card or key
(3) Not more than 2 500 L of waste oil is activated equipment, special type dispensing devices
permitted to be stored above ground at a service including coin operated, card operated and preset
station within 15 m of buildings or areas of the prop- units shall not be permitted at self-service outlets
erty to which the public has access. unless there is at least one qualified attendant on
duty for each 12 hoses which can be operated simul-
4.5.8. Supervision and Dispensing taneously while the outlet is open to the public.
Procedures 4.5.8.4. Card or Key Operated Dispensing
4.5.8.1. Attendants Devices
( I ) Except as provided in Sentence (2), every ( I ) Card or key activated dispensing devices
service station shall have at least one attendant on are permitted at unattended self-service outlets and
duty whenthe station is open for business. service stations that are not open to the general public,
in conformance with Sentences (2) to (6). (See
( 2 ) Service stations which do not serve the Appendix A.)
general public do not require an attendant.
(2) Except as provided in Sentences (3) to (6),
(3) Except as permitted at self-service outlets, a installation of card or key activated dispensing
competent employee shall be in constant control of devices shall conform to the requirements for self-
the dispensing of flammable liquids and combustible service outlets and service stations in this Section.
 (3) Access to card or key activated dispensing 4.5.8.6. Fuel Dispensing Procedures
equipment shall be restricted to persons authorized (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2),
by the supply agent to possess a card or key to flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall not be
operate the dispensing equipment. dispensed into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle or
(4) Clearly legible operating instructions, watercraft while its engine is running.
visible at all times, shall be posted at every dispens- (2) Diesel fuel may be dispensed into the fuel
ing pump island. tank of a vehicle while the engine is running pro-
(5) A telephone or other clearly identified vided it is dispensed at least 7.5 m from gasoline
acceptable means to notify the fire department shall be dispensing units.
provided in an acceptable location. (3) Flammable liquids and combustible liquids
(6) Emergency instructions, including the with a flash point below 60°C shall not be dispensed at
telephone number for the local fire department, shall a service station into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle
be conspicuously posted in an acceptable location to while any part of the motor vehicle or any vehicle
advise the user, in the event of a spill or accident, attached to it is on a street.
(a) to use the emergency shut-off switch in (4) Every person dispensing flamma ble liquids
Article 4.5.4.2., and and combustible liquids shall
(b) to call the fire department. (a) take precautions to prevent overflow or
4.5.8.5. Duties of Attendants spillage of the liquid being dispensed,
(1) Attendants on duty at self-service outlets,
(b) not knowingly overfill the fuel system, I
(c) in the event of spillage immediately apply
service stations, and marine service stations shall an acceptable absorbent material to soak up
(a) supervise the dispensing of flammable the spillage, except as provided in Article
liquids and combustible liquids, 4.5.8.5. and e
(b) not activate the controls to permit the (d) not dispense flammable liquids and com-
dispensing of fuel at an individual dis- bustible liquids with a flash point below
pensing unit until the customer at the unit 60°C in proximity to open sources of igni-
is ready to activate the nozzle, tion.
(c) prevent the dispensing of flammable liquids
and combustible liquids into containers not 4.5.9. Smoking
conforming to Clauses 4.2.3.1.(1)(b),(c)
and (dl,
(d) take appropriate measure to prevent
sources of ignition from creating a hazard
at the dispensing units,
4.5.9.1. Smoking. Smoking shall not be permit-
ted within 7.5 m of dispensing locations at service
stations.
4.5.9.2. Signs
I
(e) take appropriate action in the event of a
spill to reduce the risk of fire, and (1) At least one weather-resistant sign prohib-
(f) shut off the power to all dispensing units iting smoking and conforming to Sentences (2) to (5)
in the event of a spill or fire. shall be provided for each dispensing location.
(2) Attendants on duty at marine service (2) The signs required in Sentence (1)shall
stations shall indicate that smoking within 7.5 m of the dispensing
(a) not activate the controls to permit the unit is not permitted and that the ignition must be
dispensing of fuel at an individual dis- turned off while the vehicle is being refuelled. (See
pensing unit until all ports and hatches on Appendix A.)
the watercraft have been closed, and (3) Signs required in Sentence (1)shall
(b) prevent the dispensing of flammable liquids (a) have a minimum dimension of 200 mm,
and combustible liquids into portable contain- and
ers or portable fuel tanks until they have (b) except as permitted in Sentence (4), have
been removed from the watercraft. letters not less than 25 mm high.
 (4) Signs required in Sentence (1) may be 4.6.2.3. Container Storage
international "No Smoking - Ignition Off" symbols (1) Containers for flammable liquids or combus-
not less than 100 mm in diameter. tible liquids stored indoors shall be arranged in
(5) Signs in Sentence (1)shall be installed in a conformance with Subsection 4.2.7.
location visible to all drivers approaching the dis- (2) Containers for flammable liquids or combus-
pensing location and at the dispensing unit. tible liquids stored outdoors shall be stored in confor-
mance with Subsection 4.2.11., except that the
4.5.10. Product Losses distance between the piles and property lines and the
distance between piles need not apply when the
4.5.1 0.1. Liquid Level Measurement. containers are stored in an area that does not present
Except for waste oil storage tanks, the liquid level in a hazard to neighbouring property.
storage tanks at service stations shall be measured in
conformance with Subsection 4.3.17. (See Article 4.6.2.4. Spill Control. Outdoor storage areas
4.3.16.1. for leakage testing.) shall be graded in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6.
to prevent spillage of flammable liquids or combustible
4.5.11. Fire Protection liquids to adjacent properties.
4.5.1 1.1. Portable Extinguishers. At least 2 4m6m2m5- Fencing I
portable extinguishers each having a rating of not (1) The area occupied by aboveground storage
less than 10-BC shall be provided at every sewice tanks and associated pumps, valves and piping shall
station in conformance with Part 6. be surrounded by a firmly anchored fence.
4.5.1 1.2. Absorbent Materials. Absorbent (2) The fence required in Sentence (1) shall be
material to soak up liquid spillage shall be provided substantially constlcted to discourage climbing,
for use by attendants at service stations. with a minimum height of 1.8 m and with 2 gates
which shall be locked when the bulk plant is not in
operation or when the enclosure is ndt staffed. I
Section 4.6 Bulk Plants
4.6.3. Heating
4.6.1. Application 4.6.3.1. Heating Appliances
46.1 1 . Application. This Section shall apply (1) Rooms in which flammable liquids are
to that portion of a property where flammable liquids stored or handled shall not contain fuel-burning
or combustible liquids are received in bulk quantities appliances or electric heating elements that could be
and are stored or handled for the purpose of distrib- exposed to the room air.
uting such liquids by pipeline, tank vessel, tank (2) Rooms containing heating appliances shall
vehicle or other container. be located and ventilated to prevent the entry of
flammable vapours.
4.6.2. Storage
4.6.2.1. Storage. Flammable liquids and com- 4.6.4. Ventilation
bustible liquids shall be stored in closed~containersor in
4.6.4.1. Ventilation
storage tanks located outside buildings in conformance
with Section 4.3. (1) Ventilation shall be provided for all rooms
in which flammable liquids are pumped or dispensed.
4.6.2.2. Shock Pressure. Bulk storage tanks,
piping, pumps, valves and associated components (2) Natural ventilation shall be permitted
where the pumping or dispensing equipment is part
shall be designed, installed and maintained to
of a closed system.
accommodate shock pressure on the system.
 (3) The design of the ventilation system shall 4.6.5.3. Dispensing and Transferring
take into account the relatively high specific gravity inside Buildings. Flammable liquids shall be
of the vapours. dispensed or transferred inside buildings only in
(4) Natural ventilation may be provided by conformance with Subsections 4.1.7. and 4.1.8.
means of openings located at floor levels in outside 4.6.5.4. Dispensing into Metal Containers.
walls and unobstructed except for louvres or coarse Flammable liquids shall not be dispensed into metal
screens. containers unless the containers are electrically
(5) Where natural ventilation is inadequate, connected in conformance with Article 4.1.8.2.
mechanical ventilation shall be provided.
4.6.4.2. Basements and Pits. Flammable 4.6.6. Loading and Unloading
liquids shall not be stored or handled within a build- Facilities
ing having a basement or pit unless the basement or 4.6.6.1. Clearances
pit is provided with mechanical ventilation designed
to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapours. (1) The distance from the fill stem of a loading
or unloading facility for tank vehicles or tank cars to
4.6.4.3. Electrical Interlocks. Where suffi- aboveground storage tanks, buildings and property
cient mechanical ventilation is provided to prevent lines shall be not less than 3 m, measured horizon-
dangerous quantities of vapour accumulation, the tally, except as otherwise required in General Order
ventilation system shall be kept in operation while 0-32, "Flammable Liquids Bulk Storage Regulations"
flammable liquids are being handled and shall be of Transport Canada. e
electrically interlocked with the lighting system and,
(2) Buildings for the shelter of personnel or
where practical, to the dispensing equipment, so that pumps shall be considered a part of the loading or
the ventilation system will be actuated during dis- unloading facility.
pensing operations.
4.6.6.2. Multi-Purpose Facilities. When
4.6.5. Dispensing piping and pumping systems have been used for the
transfer of either flammable liquids or combustible
4.6.5.1. Interconnection. Dispensing systems liquids at loading or unloading facilities, the system
for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall not be shall be cleaned of vapours before the other class of
interconnected. liquid is introduced.
4.6.5.2. Dispensing into Vehicles 4.6.6.3. Check Valves
(1) Apparatus serving the general public for (1) Systems through which tank cars or tank
dispensing flammable liquids into fuel tanks of vehicles vehicles discharge into aboveground storage tanks by
shall not be located at a bulk plant unless separated means of pumps shall be provided with check valves
by a fence or equivalent barrier from the area in conforming to Subsection 4.4.8.
which the bulk storage operations are conducted.
(2) Systems referred to in Sentence (1) shall be
(2) Where the dispensing apparatus in designed, installed and maintained to prevent
Sentence (1) is supplied from an aboveground storage leakage or spillage.
tank
(a) an electrically-operated solenoid valve, 4.6.6.4. Control Valves
designed to open only when the apparatus (1) Valves installed to control the filling of
is being operated, shall be provided at the tank vehicles shall be of the self-closing type when
tank outlet, and used for flammable liquids or combustible liquids with a
(b) an emergency valve shall be provided for flash point below 60°C.
the dispensing apparatus in conformance (2) Control valves referred to in Sentence (1)
with Sentence 4.5.6.3.(2). shall be held open manually, except where automatic
devices are provided for shutting off the flow when less than 20-BC shall be provided at hazardous
the vehicle is full or filled to a preset amount. locations in bulk storage plants for flammable liquids
and combustible liquids, except that such portable ex-
4.6.6.5. Bonding and Grounding tinguishers may be provided from the tank vehicles
(1) Bonding, grounding and isolation compo- operated as part of a bulk plant which is not required
nents for protection against static charges during the in Article 4.6.2.5. to be fenced.
loading of tank vehicles or tank cars shall be provided
when transferring flammable liquids or combustible 4.6.8. Drainage and Waste
liquids. Disposal
(2) Where flammable liquids or combustible
liquids are transferred into railway tank cars, railway 4.6.8.1. Spill Control. Facilities to control
tracks shall be bonded throughout their length and possible spills of flammable liquids or combustible
permanently grounded in conformance with CTC liquids shall be provided at loading and unloading
1982-8 RAIL, "Railway Prevention of Electric Sparks points in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6.
Regulations" of Transport Canada. (See Appen- 4.6.8.2. Waste Disposal. Flammable liquids and
dix A.) combustible liquids shall not be dumped into sewers
(3) Bonding required in Sentence (1) shall but shall be stored in special tanks or drums until
consist of a metallic bond wire connected to the fill removed from the premises.
stem or to some part of the rack structure in electrical
contact with the fill stem in conformance with
Subsection 4.1.4.
Section 4.7 Piers and
(4) Bonding wires for tank vehicles shall be Wharves
provided with a pull-off connector attached so as to
be in electrical contact with the cargo tank of the tank 4.7.1. Application
vehicle.
4.7.1 .I.Application. This Section applies to
(5) The bonding connection required in flammable liquid and combustible liquid installations on
Sentence (1)shall be fixed to the tank vehicle or storage piers and wharves, but does not include marine
tank before dome covers are raised and shall remain service stations.
in place until filling is completed and all dome covers
have been closed and secured. 4.7.2. General
4.6.6.6. Downspouts 4.7.2.1. Clearances
(1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), where (1) Piers and wharves at which flammable
there is a possibility that tank vehicles or tank cars liquid or combustible liquid cargoes are to be trans-
contain an explosive vapour-air mixture, or where ferred in bulk quantities to or from tank vessels shall
the liquid being filled can form such a mixture, filling be not less than 30 m from any bridge over a navi-
through open domes shall be by means of a down- gable waterway, or from an entrance to a superstruc-
spout which extends to near the bottom of the tank ture of any vehicular or railroad tunnel under a
and is shaped to minimize turbulence in the liquid waterway.
during filling.
(2) The termination of fixed piping for
(2) The downspout required in Sentence (1) loading and unloading flammable liquids or cornbustible
shall not be required when the liquid is one which is liquids shall be not less than 60 m from a bridge or
not subject to accumulation of static charges. from an entrance to a tunnel.
4.6.7. Fire Protection 4.7.2.2. Construction. The substructure and
deck of a pier or wharf shall be designed for its
4.6.7.1. Portable Extinguishers. At least 2 intended use and shall be constructed of heavy
portable extinguishers each having a rating of not
timber or material that will provide adequate flexibil- provided with swing joints or acceptable flexible con-
ity, resistance to shock, durability, strength and fire nections to permit the independent movement of the
resistance. pier or wharf and shore piping without strain on the
pipe.
4.7.3. Storage Tanks
4.7.4.5. Shut-Off Valves. A readily accessible
4.7.3.1. Installation valve to shut off the supply from shore shall be
(1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) to (4), provided in each pipeline within 7.5 m of piers and
storage tanks shall be installed on shore in confor- wharves.
mance with Subsections 4.3.2. to 4.3.11.
4.7.4.6. Access Openings for Inspection
(2) Storage tanks may be located in buildings on
piers and wharves of solid-fill or noncombustible (1) Access openings for inspection purposes
construction subject to the requirements of Subsec- below deck shall be provided for valves in Article
tions 4.3.12. to 4.3.14. 4.7.4.5. and connections to pipelines, and suitable
signs shall be posted indicating their locations.
(3) Storage tanks may be buried in piers and
wharves of the solid-fill type subject to the require- (2) No freight or materials shall be placed on
ments of Subsections 4.3.8. to 4.3.11. piers and wharves in such a manner as to obstruct
the access openings required in Sentence (1).
(4) Unenclosed drums and storage tanks not
exceeding 250 L individual capacity may be used for 4.7.4.7. Identification. Identification tags or
fuel supplies to heating equipment on piers and labels of metal or other suitable material impervious
wharves. to water and to the flammable liquids or combustible
liquids being transferred shall be attached to and
4.7.4. Piping, Valves and Fittings maintained on all pipelines and control valves to des-
4.7.4.1. Installation and Materials. The ignate their use.
method of installation and materials used for piping,
valves and fittings shall conform to the requirements 4.7.4.8. Testing
of Section 4.4. (1) Piping systems shall be tested in confor-
mance with Subsection 4.4.6. before being put into
4.7.4.2. Pipe Supports service and before reactivation when used on a
(1) Piping shall be properly supported and seasonal basis.
arranged to prevent excessive vibration or strain on (2) Underground piping systems referred to
equipment connected to it. in Sentence (1) shall be tested at least annually.
(2) Piping supports shall consist of wood
having no dimension less than 150 mm or shall 4.7.5. Bonding and Grounding
consist of steel or concrete.
(3) Where pipe is supported more than 1.2 m 4.7.5.1. Bonding and Grounding
above the pier deck, piping supports shall have a I
minimum fire-resistance rating of 2 h. (1) Railway tracks on piers and wharves shall
be bonded throughout their length and permanently
4.7.4.3. Guards. In areas where general cargo is grounded in conformance with CTC 1982-8 RAIL,
handled or where piping might be subject to me- "Railway Prevention of Electric Sparks Regulations"
chanical damage from vehicles or water craft, the of Transport Canada. (See Appendix A-4.6.6.5.(2).) e
piping shall be protected by means of guards. (2) Insulating joints shall be placed in all rails
4.7.4.4. Flexible Connections. Piping where entering upon the pier or wharf.
between the shore and piers or wharves shall be
4.7,6. Fire Prevention and (2) Provision shall be made to prevent or
Protection contain spillage resulting from the disconnection of
hoses.
4.7.6.1. Portable Extinguishers
4.7.7.3. Hose Connections
( I ) Portable extinguishers having a rated
capacity of 20-BC shall be provided in the vicinity of ( I ) Except as provided in Sentence (2), hose
flammable liquid pumps and fueling equipment in connections on piping shall be of the bolted flange
conformance with the requirements of Part 6. type, and all such connections shall be provided with
shut-off valves.
(2) Portable extinguishers shall be kept in the
pump house or other suitable location where they (2) The use of cam-locking connections u p to
will be accessible in the event of an emergency, but 100 mm in size shall be permitted.
not accessible to the public. (3) Hose connections shall not project beyond
(3) Where vessels are loading or unloading
the face of piers and wharves.
flammable liquids or combustible liquids or are being
refuelled, suitable portable extinguishers with a 4.7.8. Cargo Hose
rating of not less than 20-BC shall be placed on the 4.7.8.1. Cargo Hose. The transfer of flammable
pier or wharf in the vicinity of loading or unloading liquids or combustible liquids between tank vessels and
operations, so that they will be accessible in the event piers or wharves shall be through acceptable flexible
of a fire emergency. cargo hose or jointed tubing or piping suitable for the
(4) Portable extinguishers provided in cargo to be transferred and designed to withstand the
conformance with Sentence (3) shall be in addition to maximum design working pressure.
those provided on board the vessels. 4.7.8.2. Maintenance and Testing. Cargo
4.7.6.2. Instructions to Personnel. Operat- hose shall be maintained in satisfactory operating
ing personnel shall be provided with instructions on condition and be pressure tested at least annually to
how to summon the nearest fire department in the one and one-half times the maximum working
event of fire. pressure but not less than 350 kPa (gauge).

4.7.7. Bulk TLansfer Stations 4.7.8.3. Supports. Cargo hose shall be sup-
ported where it is not run on a solid foundation.
4.7.7.1. Location
( I ) Except as permitted in Sentence (2) the 4.7.9. Cargo Pumps
bulk transfer of flammable liquids or combustible liquids 4.7.9.1. Design and Installation. Cargo
shall be permitted only on piers and wharves used pumps shall be designed and installed in confor-
exclusively for that purpose. mance with Subsection 4.4.10.
(2) Where it is not practicable to locate bulk
transfer stations on separate piers and wharves, such 4.7.9.2. Pressure Relief. Cargo pumps
stations are permitted to be located on general pur- capable of building u p pressures in excess of the safe
pose piers and wharves provided that guards or working pressure of the cargo hose shall be provided
fences are installed around valves or pumping equip- with return lines, relief valves or some other accept-
ment to prevent entry of unauthorized personnel. able arrangement.
4.7.7.2. Leakage and Spill Control 4.7.9.3. Location
( I ) A sump pit, settling basin or other accept- ( I ) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), cargo
able means shall be provided at transfer stations to pumps shall be located on shore or on piers and
carry off possible leakage from hose couplings in wharves either of noncombustible construction or of the
conformance with the requirements of Subsection solid-fill type and be not less than 3 m from other
4.1.6. buildings or structures.
 (2) Where it is not practicable to install cargo (2) Electrical connections to tank vessels shall
pumps as required in Sentence (I),they may be be maintained until the cargo hose has been discon-
installed on piers and wharves of combustible nected and any spillage has been removed.
construction if located in pump houses in confor-
mance with Subsection 4.7.10., and provided such 4.7.1 1.3. Equipment
pump houses are not less than 3 m from other (1) The cargo hose shall be of adequate length
buildings. to allow for the movement of the vessel.
(2) Gaskets shall be used in all hose joints and
4.7.1 0. Pump Houses pipe couplings to prevent leakage.
4.7.1 0.1. Construction. Pump houses shall be (3) Flanged joints shall be tightly bolted to
of noncombustible construction with floors that are prevent leakage.
chemically resistant to the liquid being handled, (4) Drip pans shall be placed under hose
liquid-tight and equipped with curbs or flashings connections on piers and wharves, except where a
around the base of the wall not less than 100 mm in sump pit or settling basin is provided.
height to contain any spilled liquid.
4.7.1 1.4. Spill Control
4.7.1 0.2. Ventilation. Ventilation and venting
(1) When transfer operations are completed,
shall be provided in conformance with the require- the valves on the hose connections shall be closed,
ments of Subsection 4.1.7. the cargo hose drained into appropriate containers
and then emptied in conformance with Subsection
4.7.1 1. lkansfer Operations 4.1.6.
4.71 11 . Supervision (2) Care shall be taken that no liquid is
(1) Transfer operations shall be carried out discharged on a pier or wharf or overboard during
only under the continuous supervision of a person draining and emptying operations.
qualified to supervise such operations.
(2) Cargo shall not be transferred to or from a
vessel which is normally manned unless sufficient Section 4.8 Process
personnel are on board to control the operation. Plants
(3) The person responsible for directing the
operations shall 4.8.1. Application
(a) prior to transfer of cargo, ascertain that no
unauthorized repair work is being carried 48.1 1 Application
out on the pier or wharf and that there are (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), this
no open flames in the vicinity, Section applies to those process plants, including
(b) during the transfer of cargo, monitor the refineries, which contain industrial processes
progress of the loading and unloading to involving flammable liquids or combustible liquids.
prevent overflow, and
(c) inspect the hose and connections for (2) This Section does not apply to distilleries.
leakage and, if leakage occurs, stop the
operations. 4.8.2. Location
4.71 12 Bonding and Grounding 4.8.2.1. Outdoor Processing Equipment
(1) Tank vessels shall be electrically con- (1) The location of outdoor processing
nected to the shore piping prior to the connecting of equipment in industrial processing plants shall be
cargo hose, except when cathodic protection facilities based on its flammable liquid or combustible liquid
are operating. capacity as described in Sentences (2) to (4).
 (2) Except as provided in Sentence (4), (2) Equipment used in a building and the
outdoor processing equipment having emergency ventilation of the building shall be designed so as to
relief venting and a working pressure of not more limit flammable vapour-air mixtures under normal
than 17 kPa (gauge) shall be separated from property operating conditions to the interior of equipment,
lines and buildings on the same property by distances and to not more than 1.5 m from such equipment.
(a) equal to those in Table 4.3.2.A. for stable (See Appendix A.)
liquids, and
e (b) 2.5 times those in Table 4.3.2.A. for 4.8.4. Fire Prevention and
unstable liquids. Protection
(3) Except as provided in Sentence (4),
outdoor processing equipment having emergency 4.8.4.1. Spill and Vapour Control. Process-
relief venting and a working pressure more than ing equipment shall be designed and arranged to
17 kPa (gauge) shall be separated from property lines prevent the unintentional escape of liquids and
and buildings on the same property by distances vapours and to minimize the quantity escaping in the
(a) 1.5 times those in Table 4.3.2.A. for stable event of accidental release.
liquids, and
(b) 4 times those in Table 4.3.2.A. for unstable 4.8.4.2. Explosion Protection. Where space
liquids. within chemical processing equipment may contain
(4) Where protection is not provided against vapour in concentrations sufficiently high to explode,
fires or explosions in processing equipment, the air within the space shall be displaced by inert gas,
distances in Sentences (2) and (3) shall be doubled. an automatic explosion suppression system shall be
provided or the equipment shall be designed to
4.8.3. Processing Buildings withstand the explosion pressure without damage to
the equipment.
4.8.3.1. Explosion Resistance. Exterior walls
of buildings where unstable liquids or flammable liquids 4.8.4.3. Fire Protection Systems
having flash points below 22.8"C are processed shall (1) Where the process warrants such protec-
be constructed to accommodate pressures from tion, industrial process plants shall be supplied with
explosion to the extent that the principal load carry- acceptable
ing members will remain intact. (a) water supplies with pressure and quantity
4.8.3.2. Fire Separations. Areas in buildings adequate to meet the probable fire de-
where unstable liquids are handled or where small mands,
scale unit chemical processes are carried on shall be (b) hydrants,
separated from the remainder of the building by a fire (c) hoses connected to a water supply located
separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less so that all equipment containing flammable
than 2 h. liquids or combustible liquids, including
pumps, can be reached with at least one
4.8.3.3. Basements and Pits. Buildings where hose stream,
flammable liquids and combustible liquids with flash (d) nozzles capable of discharging a water
points below 60°C are handled in chemical processes spray, and
shall not have basements or covered pits. (e) automatic sprinkler systems or other fixed
4.8.3.4. Ventilation fire suppression systems.
(1) ~nclosedprocessing buildings handling 4.8.4.4. Emergency Procedures. Emergency
flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be venti- procedures conforming to Article 4.1.5.7. shall be es-
lated as specified in Subsection 4.1.7. tablished for refineries and process plants.
 facilities and power controls shall be 4.1 0.3. Removal of Underground
locked. Storage Tanks
(3) Where underground storage tank facilities 4.1 0.3.1. Removal
are operated on a seasonal basis I

(a) the liquid level of each storage tank shall be (1) Except as permitted in Article 4.10.3.2.,
measured at the close of each season of when underground storage tanks have no further use
operation, a record of such measurements or have been out of service for 2 years,
shall be maintained for inspection and all (a) such tanks, together with connected
fill pipe covers and covers over openings piping and dispensing equipment, shall
for measuring liquid levels, dispensing have all flammable liquids and combustible
facilities and power controls shall be liquids removed from them,
locked, (b) such tanks shall be removed from the
(b) prior to the start of an operating season, ground and purged of vapours, and
the liquid level in each storage tank shall be (c) the piping shall be
measured, the measurements compared (i) removed from the ground, or
with those recorded at the close of the (ii) purged of vapours and the ends
previous season, and when a loss of liquid permanently sealed by capping or
or water intrusion is apparent, immediate plugging.
action shall be taken to determine and (2) If contaminated, soil surrounding the
correct the condition. storage tanks in Sentence (1) shall be replaced with
(4) When an underground storage tank is clean fill, to an acceptable degree.
reactivated for the storage of flammable liquids or 4.1 0.3.2. Abandonment in Place. Where it
combustible liquids, the authority having jurisdiction is impractical to remove an underground storage tank,
shall be notified. the owner of the underground storage tank shall apply
(5) If the storage tank in Sentence (4) has been to the authority having jurisdiction for permission to
out of service for more than 12 months, the tank and abandon the tank in place, in conformance with
piping shall be tested in conformance with Subsec- Section 7.4 of the CCME "Environmental Code of
tion 4.3.16. Practice for Underground Storage Tank Systems
Containing Petroleum Products."
4.1 0.2.2. Aboveground Storage Tanks
(1) When an aboveground storage tank will be 4. I0.4. Disposal and Reuse of
out of service for period not exceeding 180 days, the
piping from the tank shall be capped or the valves Storage Tanks
necessary to achieve similar isolation of the tank shall 4.1 0.4.1. Disposal. Where storage tanks are to
be closed and securely locked. be disposed of, sufficient openings shall be cut in the
( 2 ) When out-of-service storage tanks in tanks to render them unfit for further use.
Sentence (1) contain flammable liquids or combustible 4.1 0.4.2. Reuse
liquids, the liquid level in the tank shall be measured
and the readings compared at least monthly. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2),
underground storage tanks shall not be reused for the
(3) Where an aboveground storage tank will be storage of flammable liquids or combustible liquids.
out of service for a period exceeding 180 days
(a) all liquid and vapours shall be removed (2) Storage tanks may be reused for the storage
from the storage tank and its connected of flammable liquids or combustible liquids only after
piping, and having been refurbished and found to meet the
(b) the storage tank markings shall clearly requirements of CAN4-S603.1, "Galvanic Corrosion
indicate the tank is empty. Protection Systems for Steel Underground Tanks for
Flammable and Combustible Liquids" or CAN4- which are in excess of 50 L and are not permanently
S615, "Reinforced Plastic Underground Tanks for attached to the chassis of the vehicle shall be piled
Petroleum Products." only a single tier high on the vehicle.
(3) Where inspection or tests of an excavated (2) Wooden barrels containing distilled
storage tank reveal excessive denting, pitting or beverage alcohol may be transported in 2 tiers.
gouging, causing any reduction of shell thickness in
excess of 1 mm, or any dents greater than 30" from 4.1 1.2.4. Container Design I

the normal configuration, the tank shall be rejected (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2),
for use. containers for the transportation of flammable liquids
4.1 0.4.3. Riveted Storage Tanks. Riveted or combustible liquids having a capacity of 250 L or
storage tanks shall not be relocated. more shall conform to the requirements for the
construction of cargo tanks on tank vehicles as defined
in CSA Standard 8620, "Highway Tanks and Port-
Section 4.1 1 Tank able Tanks for the Transportation of Dangerous
Goods."
Vehicles (2) Containers used for the transportation of
flammable liquids or combustible liquids on service
4.1 11 . Application vehicles, and having a capacity of 2 500 L or less,
4.1 1.1 .I. Application. This Section applies to shall conform to ULC-Subject (342.13, "Guide for
tank vehicles used for the transportation of asphalt Steel Tanks Mounted on Service Truck Platforms for
and stable flammable liquids and combustible liquids but Transport of Flammable and Combustible Liquids."
does not apply to aircraft servicing vehicles or to fuel 4.1 1.2.5. Securing of Containers to
tanks used in the operation of motor vehicles. Vehicles. Except for the transportation of empty
(See Appendix A.) tanks, tanks that are not permanently attached to the
chassis of a vehicle shall be secured to a cradle or sill
4.1 1.2. Wansportation of which is anchored to the chassis of the vehicle by
Containers means of hook-bolts or other acceptable devices.
4.11.2.1. Drums 4.1 1.3. Tank Vehicle Design
(1) Except as provided in Article 4.1 1.2.2.,
drums for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall 4.1 13 1 . Design and Construction
not be transported unless they conform to the (1) Tank vehicles shall be designed and con-
requirements of Shipping Container Specifications 5, structed taking into account the relationship between
5A, 5B, 5C, 5L or 5M of the Canadian Transport the cargo tank, the supporting members, the weight
Commission. and temperature of the cargo, road performance,
(2) Drums for combustible liquids shall not be braking and durability.
transported unless constructed of steel not less than (2) The design of the suspension system for
1.14 mm thick. tank vehicles shall incorporate features to ensure
4.1 1.2.2. Wooden Barrels. Wooden barrels stability when turning.
may be used as containers for flammable liquids or (3) The exhaust system of tank vehicles used
combustible liquids when the liquids are nontoxic and for transporting flammable liquids or combustible liquids
require such containers as part of their conditioning shall be located remotely from its fuel system and
process. other combustible materials and shall terminate in
such a position that heat from the exhaust system
4.1 1.2.3. Piling of Containers shall not create a hazard to the tank contents, the
(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), facility being refuelled or the facility from which the
containers of flammable liquids and combustible liquids tank vehicle is being filled.
5.4.3. Manufacture 5.4.4.2. Heating Equipment. Nitrocellulose
plastics shall not be stored or handled in rooms
5.4.3.1. Storage of Raw Materials which contain fuel-burning appliances or electric
heating elements and shall not be stored within
(1) Not more than 450 kg of raw material 600 mm of any steam pipe, radiator or chimney.
used for the manufacture of nitrocellulose based
products shall be stored in cabinets in any one 5.4.4.3. Cabinets and Vaults. Where more
workroom, not more than 225 kg stored in any one than 10 kg of nitrocellulose plastics are stored in any
cabinet and not more than 113 kg in any one com- fire compartment in a building, a vented cabinet or
partment of the cabinet. vault constructed in conformance with NFPA 40E,
(2) All raw materials in excess of that permit- "Storage of Pyroxylin Plastic" and Article 5.4.4.4.
ted in Sentence (1) shall be kept in vented vaults not shall be provided for such storage.
exceeding 40 m3capacity and protected with an 5.4.4.4. Maximum Quantities
automatic sprinkler system installed in conformance
with the Article 6.5.1.1. (1) Up to 3 400 kg of nitrocellulose plastics
shall be permitted to be stored in a vault which
5.4.3.2. Work Areas (a) has a fire-resistance rating of not less than
1 h,
(1) In factories manufacturing nitrocellulose (b) is designed to resist an internal pressure of
based products, sprinklered and vented cabinets, not less than 3.5 kPa,
vaults or storage rooms shall be provided to prevent
(c) is not greater than 40 m3in volume,
the accumulation of excessive quantities of such
(dl has explosion venting to the exterior of not
material in workrooms. less than 1 000 cm2of venting area for
(2) In factories where nitrocellulose plastics every cubic metre of vault volume, and
are processed, workstations shall be separated by a (e) is ventilated to the exterior to provide not
distance of not less than 1 m. less than 200 cm2of ventilating area for
(3) Material for the manufacture of nitrocellu- each cubic metre of vault volume.
lose plastic articles that is not kept in containers may (2) Up to 9 000 kg of nitrocellulose plastics
be placed on tables, workbenches or at machines shall be permitted to be stored in a vault which
provided the quantity does not exceed a half day's (a) has a fire-resistance rating of not less than
supply. 4 h,
(4) In any one workroom the total amount of (b) is designed to resist an internal pressure of
nitrocellulose plastic materials, including the material not less than 28 kPa,
in containers and on tables, shall not exceed 70 kg. (c) has explosion venting to the exterior of not
less than 650 cm2of venting area for every
5.4.3.3. Waste Handling. All waste nitrocellu- cubic metre of vault volume, and
lose plastic materials, such as shavings, chips, turn- (d) is ventilated to the exterior to provide not
ings, sawdust, edgings and trimmings, shall be kept less than 200 cm2of ventilating area for
under water in metal receptacles until removed from each cubic metre of vault volume.
the premises.
(3) Not more than 9 000 kg of nitrocellulose
plastics shall be stored in any vault.
5.4.4. Storage of Finished
Products 5.4.5. Displays

5.4.4.1 . Ventilation. Areas where nitrocellulose

plastic finished products are stored shall be venti-
5.4.5.1. Arrangement. In stores, all displays of
nitrocellulose plastic articles that are not in show-
cases or show windows shall be displayed only when
lated so that any decomposition gases produced by placed on tables or counters not more than 1 m wide
the plastics will be vented outdoors to an area where and 3 m long, with the spaces underneath such tables
they will not re-enter the building. or counters kept free of combustible materials.
5.4.5.2. Luminaires. Luminaires shall not be (c) contain open floor drains, tunnels, eleva-
located adjacent to any nitrocellulose plastic materi- tor pits or other pockets which might trap
als so as to create an ignition hazard. molten ammonium nitrate.
(See Appendix A.)
5.4.6. Nitrocellulose Motion (2) Buildings and bins containing bulk storage
Picture Film ammonium nitrate shall be designed to prevent
contact with material that will cause the ammonium
5.4.6.1. Use, Storage and Handling nitrate to become unstable or with material which
(1) Nitrocellulose motion picture film shall be may corrode or deteriorate by reason of contact with
stored and handled in conformance with NFPA 40, the ammonium nitrate. (See Appendix A.)
"Storage and Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Motion
Picture Film." 5.5.3.2. Combustible Floors. Ammonium
nitrate shall not be stored on combustible floors.
(2) Nitrocellulose motion picture film shall
not be used, stored or handled in a place of public 5.5.3.3. Ventilation. When ammonium nitrate
assembly. is stored in buildings, such buildings shall be provided
(3) When not in use, all nitrocellulose motion with natural or mechanical ventilation to dissipate
picture film shall be kept in closed, single-reel con- gases generated by the ammonium nitrate in the
tainers. event of a fire. (See Appendix A.)
5.5.3.4. Breathing Apparatus. Signs indicat-
Section 5.5 Ammonium ing that self-contained breathing apparatus shall be
used in the building in the event of a fire shall be
Nitrate provided adjacent to the exterior of every entrance
door in a building in which ammonium nitrate is
5.5.1. General stored.
.
5.5.1 .I Application. This Section applies to 5.5.4. Storage
ammonium nitrate mixtures that contain 60 per cent
or more by weight of ammonium nitrate in quantities 5.5.4.1. Bagged Storage
exceeding 1000 kg. (1) Piles of bagged ammonium nitrate shall
not exceed
5.5.2. Spatial Separation (a) 6 m in height,
(b) 6 m in width, and
5.5.2.1. Clearance from Property Line. The (c) 15minlength.
distance between an ammonium nitrate storage
facility and the nearest property line shall conform to (2) Aisles not less than 1 m wide shall be
Transport Canada General Order No. 0-36, "Ammo- provided in warehouses to separate piles of ammo-
nium Nitrate Storage Facilities Regulations," but in nium nitrate, and at least one aisle not less than 1.2 m
no case shall this distance be less than 8 m. wide shall be provided for the entire length of the
storage area.
5.5.3. Storage Buildings (3) Bags of ammonium nitrate shall not be
stored closer than 400 mm from the walls and
5.5.3.1. Design and Construction partitions and not closer than 900 mm from the roof,
(1) Ammonium nitrate shall not be stored in overhead supporting beams or sprinkler head
buildings that deflectors.
(a) are more than 1storey in building height, (4) In palletized storage of bagged ammo-
(b) contain basements or crawl spaces, or nium nitrate, pallet channels shall be at right angles
to aisles.
5 11 4 Ambient Conditions. A storage in atmospheres containing combustible dusts. (See
room for oxidizing substances shall be dry, cool and Appendix A.)
well ventilated. (2) The cleaning equipment required in
5.1 1 1 . 5 Fire Suppression Systems. Not- Sentence (1) and ancillary hoses and tools shall be
withstanding the provisions of Sentence 3.3.6.9.(2), electrically conductive and shall be bonded to
oxidizing substances shall be stored only in rooms that ground.
are equipped with an acceptable automatic fire sup- (3) Tools for vacuum cleaning machines shall
pression system suitable for the hazard. (See Appen- be made of materials that will not create electrostatic
dix A.) charges.
5.1 11 6 Refrigerated Storage. Oxidizing (4) Except as permitted in Sentence (1)
substances, including organic peroxides, shall be compressed air or other compressed gases shall not
stored in refrigerated areas where such refrigeration be used to blow dust from surfaces inside buildings.
is necessary to stabilize the substances. 5.1 2.1.2. Dust Collecting Systems and
5.1 1 . 1 7 Storage Precautions Equipment
(1) Oxidizing substances shall not be stored (1) Dust-collecting systems shall be installed
with any corrosive substances, or with any flam- where necessary to keep the accumulation of dust at
mable, oxidizable or chemically reactive materials. a safe concentration in the interior of buildings.
(2) Oxidizing substances shall not be stored on (2) Dust-collecting equipment shall be made
combustible floors, platforms or pallets. of noncombustible material.
(3) Dust collecting systems shall be of a
5.1 11.8. Containers and Packaging. Oxi- design which will prevent sparks due to physical
dizing substances shall be stored in acceptable packages contact in the fan assembly. (See Appendix A.)
or containers.
(4) Dust collector systems shall be designed
5.1 11.9. Individual Storage Areas. Con- and maintained for an air velocity in the ducts of not
tainers of oxidizing substances shall be stored in less than 18 m/s.
individual storage areas not greater than 6 m wide and
4.5 m high, except that organic peroxides shall not be 5.1 2.1.3. Dust Collectors
piled more than 1.5 m high. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), dust
collectors shall be located outside buildings or shall be
5.1 1.I.I0. Facilities for Dispensing
equipped with exhaust stacks or ducts leading to the
(1) Packages or containers of organic perox- outside.
ides shall not be opened, or the product dispensed,
(2) Dust collectors located inside buildings
within the storage room. shall be designed in conformance with good engi-
(2) Facilities shall be provided outside of neering practice such as described in the National
storage rooms for opening containers and dispensing Fire Protection Association standards on dust explo-
organic peroxides. sion hazards. (See Appendix A.)
(3) Dust collectors within buildings shall be
Section 5.1 2 Dust designed with explosion venting to the exterior.
Producing 5.1 2.1.4. Bonding and Grounding. All elec-
trically conducting parts of duct systems, dust collec-
5.1 2.1. Dust Collection tors and the machines they serve shall be bonded and
5 2 1 .
Dust Removal grounded.
(1) Building and machinery surfaces shall be 5.1 2.1.5. Explosion Venting. Except as pro-
kept clean of accumulations of combustible dusts, in an vided in Article 5.12.1.7., manufacturing activities e
acceptable manner, using equipment suitable for use that create significant concentrations of combustible
dusts shall be located only in buildings which have ex- 5.1 3.1.2. Loose Combustible Fibres
plosion venting to the outdoors of not less than (1) Up to 3 m3of loose combustible fibres may
650 cm2for each cubic metre of room or building be kept in any building provided storage is in a metal-
volume, with the vents designed to release at a lined bin equipped with a self-closing metal-lined
pressure of not more than 1 kN/m2. cover.
5.1 2.1.6. Electrical Interlocks. Equipment (2) Quantities of loose combustible fibres
required to have a dust exhaust system shall not be exceeding 3 m3but not exceeding 15 m3shall be
capable of operating until the dust exhaust system is stored in rooms separated from the remainder of the
in operation. building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance
rating of not less than 1 h.
5.1 2.1.7. Vent Stacks
(3) Quantities of loose combustible fibres
(1) Permanently open vent stacks may be exceeding 15 m3but not exceeding 30 m3shall be
used to ventilate storage containers where mechani- stored in rooms separated from the remainder of the
cal dust collector systems are not practical provided building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance
that the vent stacks rating of not less than 2 h.
(a) have a cross-sectional area not less than
twice that of all spouts discharging into (4) Quantities of more than 30 m3of loose
the container, combustible fibres shall not be stored in an individual
(b) are installed not more than 30" from the room unless the room is sprinklered and separated
vertical, from the remainder of the building by a fire separation
(c) extend from the top of the container to a having a fire-resistance rating of at least 2 h.
point not less than 1.2 m above the roof, 5.1 3.1 .3. Baled Combustible Fibres
and
(d) are designed to prevent the entry of snow (1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2), (3)
and rain. and (4), baled combustible fibres shall be stored so that
(a) no individual storage area exceeds 250 m2,
5.1 2.1.8. Separators. Magnetic or pneumatic (b) the height of storage in an individual
separators shall be installed as necessary to prevent storage area does not exceed 4.5 m,
the entrance of foreign materials that may cause (c) subsidiary aisles within individual storage
sparks in equipment such as shellers, crackers, areas are not less than 1 m wide, and
crushers, grinding machines, pulverizers or similar (d) the clearance between piles and building
machines which produce combustible dusts. walls is not less than 1 m.
(2) Except as permitted in Sentence (4), where
5.1 2.1.9. Ignition Sources. Smoking, open baled combustible fibres are stored in sprinklered
flame and spark-producing equipment shall not be buildings, the maximum area of any individual storage
allowed in areas containing combustible dust produc- area shall be 500 m2.
ing operations.
(3) Where baled raw pulp is stored in an
unsprinklered building,
Section 5.1 3 Combustible (a) the maximum area of any individual storage
area shall be 500 m2,
Fibres (b) the maximum height of storage shall be
6 m.
5.1 3.1. Storage (4) Where baled raw pulp is stored in a
5.1 3.1 1 . Building Construction. Buildings
used for the storage and handling of baled combus-
sprin klered building,
(a) the maximum area of any individual storage
tiblefibres shall comply with the height and area limi- area shall be 1 000 m2,
tations of the National Building Code of Canada for (b) the maximum height of storage shall be
Group F, Division 2 occupancies. 6 m.
 for Safety in Welding and Cutting (Requirements for 5.1 8.3. Prevention of Fires
Welding Operators)," and to the requirements in this
Section. 5.1 8.3.1. Location of Operations,
( I ) Except as provided in Sentence (2),
5.18.2. Use and Maintenance of welding and cutting operations in buildings shall be
Equipment carried out in areas free of combustible and flam-
mable contents, with walls, ceilings and floors of
5.1 8.2. I. Fuel Gas Generating Systems.
noncombustible construction or lined with noncom-
The operation of acetylene generating systems and
bustible materials.
the storage and generation of welding fuel gases shall
conform to NFPA 51, "Design and Installation of (2) When it is not practicable to undertake
oxygen- el Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting and welding and cutting operations in areas described in
Allied Processes," Chapter 6. Sentence (I), combustible and flammable materials
shall either be removed at least 11 m from the work
5.1 8.2.2. Piping. Acetylene gas shall not be area or otherwise protected against ignition by sheet
piped through copper tubing or piping. metal or other noncombustible material.
5.1 8.2.3. Containers 5.1 8.3.2. Work Adjacent to Piping. When
( I ) Containers of compressed gas stored inside welding or cutting is to be carried out near piping
buildings shall conform to the requirements in Sec- containing flammable gas, the section of the piping
tion 5.6. located within 1 m of the torch shall be covered with
(2) Gas fuel cylinders, whether full or empty, wet noncombustible insulating material not less than
whose valves are not in a recessed or protected 6 mm thick.
location shall have their caps in place and their 5.1 8.3.3. Work on Containers
valves tightly closed when in storage.
( I ) Welding or cutting of metal containers
5. I8.2.4. Damaged Equipment. Torches, shall not be undertaken until all compartments
regulators, hoses and other oxyacetylene welding within such containers have been cleaned of flam-
and cutting equipment which have been damaged mable and combustible materials and tested with an
shall not be used. acceptable combustible gas detection device to ascer-
tain that such compartments are free of explosive
5.1 8.2.5. Inspection and Maintenance vapours.
( I ) Except where the amount of use suggests
(2) Welding or cutting operations shall not be
more frequent examinations and testing, cutting and undertaken on a totally enclosed container.
welding equipment shall be examined for leakage
with a leak test solution and for other defects
(a) prior to use, or
(b) at least daily.
(See Appendix A.)
(2) Defects found in cutting and welding
equipment shall be repaired prior to use.
5.18.2.6. Equipment Not in Use. All valves
shall be closed and lines bled when equipment is not
in actual use.
e 5.1 8.2.7. Lubrication. Oil or grease shall not
.- be used for lubrication of welding and cutting equip-
ment.
 6.2.4.2. Defective Extinguishers 6.3.1.4. Proprietary Signalling Systems.
( I ) Portable extinguishers having defects shall Proprietary signalling systems shall be maintained in
be repaired or recharged where necessary to ensure conformance with NFPA 72, "Installation, Mainte-
the extinguisher will operate effectively and safely. nance and Use of Protective Signalling Systems."
(2) Extinguisher shells, cartridges or cylinders 6.3.1.5. Voice Communication Systems
which show leakage or permanent distortion in
excess of specified limits or which rupture shall be ( I ) Voice communication systems that are
integrated with a required fire alarm system shall be
removed from service.
tested in conformance with Article 6.3.1.2.
6.2.4.3. Retests. Retests shall be conducted at (2) Required voice communications systems
the original hydrostatic test pressure as stated on the that are not integrated with a fire alarm system shall
nameplate. be tested monthly in conformance with Sentences (3)
6.2.4.4. Tags. Each portable extinguisher shall and (4). (See Appendix A.)
have a tag securely attached to it showing the main- (3) Loudspeakers operated from the central
tenance or recharge date, the servicing agency and alarm and control facility shall be tested to ensure
the signature of the person who performed the they can be heard in all parts of the building.
service. (4) The 2-way communications system from
6.2.4.5. Labels. A label shall be fixed to the ex- each floor area to the central alarm and control facility
tinguisher after testing indicating the month and year shall be tested to ensure proper operation.
the hydrostatic pressure test was performed and
including the test pressure used and the name of the
person or agency performing the test. Section 6.4 Standpipe
and Hose Systems
Section 6.3 Fire Alarm
and Voice Communi- 6.4.1. General
cation Systems 6.4.1 .I. Inspection, Testing and Mainte-
nance. The inspection, testing and maintenance of
6.3. I. General standpipe and hose systems shall conform to NFPA
14, "Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems."
6.3. I.I. Maintenance. Fire alarm and voice
communications systems shall be maintained in 6.4.1.2. Protection During Alteration or
operable condition at all times. Demolition. During alteration or demolition of a
6.3.1.2. Inspection and Testing building required to have a standpipe and hose
system, the system shall be installed or dismantled
( I ) Except as required in Subsection 6.5.3., fire progressively so as to provide protection to all floor
alarm systems shall be inspected and tested in areas.
conformance with CAN / ULC-S536, "Standard for
the Inspection and Testing of Fire Alarm Systems." 6.4.1.3. Hose Cabinets
(2) Fire alarm and detection system compo- ( I ) Standpipe hose cabinets shall be used for
nents shall be accessible for purposes of inspection or fire protection equipment only and shall be conspicu-
maintenance. ously identified.
6.3.1.3. Records. A record shall be kept of all (2) Hose cabinets shall be inspected monthly
tests required by Article 6.3.1.2., and such records to ensure that the hose is in proper position and that
shall be retained for examination by the authority all of the equipment is in place and in operable
1 having jurisdiction in conformance with Article 1.1.5.1. condition.
6.4.1.4. Defects. Standvive and hose svstems designed and installed in conformance with the
having defects shall be repai;eh or replaced &here National Building Code of Canada. (See Appen-
necessary to ensure they will operate effectivelyand dix A.)
safely.
6.5.1.2. Sprinkler Control Valves. Sprinkler
6.4.1.5. Tests after Alteration or Period of control valves shall not be closed in the event of a fire
Disuse. Standpipe systems that have been modi- until the fire is extinguished or is considered to be
fied or extended in conformance with Article 2.1.3.1. under control by other means, as determined by the
or are being restored to service after a period of fire department.
disuse exceeding one year shall be flow and pressure
tested at the highest and most remote hose connec- 6.5.1.3. Changes in Ambient Conditions.
tion to ensure the availability of the water supply for Changes in equipment or occupancy which might
which the system was designed. result n temperatures at sprinklers being above 38°C
6.4.1.6. Flow Testing
or below 4°C shall not be made without previously
making provisions to alter the sprinkler system to
(1) Every 5 years, the standpipe system shall prevent premature operation or freezing.
be flow tested to ensure that the design flow can be
delivered. (See Appendix A.) 6.5.1.4. Precautions against Freezing.
Sections of sprinkler systems subject to freezing shall
(2) If during the flow test required in Sen- be converted to dry pipe or antifreeze systems with a
tence (1) there is any indication of the presence of
debris in the piping, the entire system shall be separate control valve for that part of the system.
flushed of foreign material. 6.5.1 S. Obstructions. No obstructions shall be
6,4.1.7. Fire Department Connections placed so as to interferv with the effectivenessof
water discharge horn sprinklers. (See Appendix A.)
(1) Signs provided to identify which fire
department connection serves a particular sprinkler 6.5.1.6. Sprinkler Gums. Sprinklers shall be
or standpipe system shall be maintained in a legible protected by acceptable sprinkler guards where there
condition. is the possibility of mechanical damage.
(2) Protective caps shall be kept in place at all
times on fire department connections. 6.5.1 -7. Protection of Combustible Sprin-
kler Piping. Protection required by the National
(3) Where protective caps are missing, the fire
department connections shall be examined for Building Code of Canada for combustible sprinkler
accumulated refuse, back flushed when conditions piping shall be maintained. (See Appendix A.)
warrant, and the caps replaced.
6.5.2 Sprinkler System Shutdown
6.4.1.8. Records. A record shall be kept of all
tests required by this Section, and such records shall 6.5.2.1. Programmed Repairs. Where
be retained for inspection by the authority having ju- operations require the temporary shutting down of
risdiction, in conformance with Article 1.1.5.1. sprinkler protection, such operations shall be pro-
grammed by the contractor working on the system to
enable completion in the shortest possible time and
Section 6.5 Automatic protection to be restored as promptly as possible.
Sprinkler Systems 6.5.2.2. Protection During Shutdown.
During an interruption of normal sprinkler protec-
6,S.l. General tion, emergency hose lines and portable extinguish-
ers shall be provided, extra watch service shall be
6.5.1 .I. Design and Installation. Except as placed on duty and temporary water connections
otherwise provided in this Code, an automatic shall be made to the sprinkler system where practi-
sprinkler system required by this Code shall be cable.
Appendix A
Explanatory Material for the
National Fire Code 1990

A-I .I.4.1 .(I ) This requirement is intended as a This Code presumes that the adopting legislation
means for the authority having jurisdiction to accept provides for the exercise of the necessary discretion-
an arrangement, such as an existing building or fire ary judgement on the part of the enforcing officials,
protection system, that is not exactly equivalent to along with appropriate rights to appeal. see also
that required by the Code, but that is considered to Appendix Note A-2.1.3.1.(I).
provide a reasonable level of fire safety due to its
A - I .2.1. Exit. Exits include doors or doorways
specific qualities.
leading directly into an exit stair or directly to the
This Code contains references to the National Build- outside. In the case of an exit leading to a separate
ing Code for the design, construction and installation building, exits also include vestibules, walkways,
of many fire protection features. Some National bridges or balconies.
Building Code requirements are most readily applied
to new buildings and their retroactive application to A-I .2.1. Fire separation. A fire separation may
existing situations as prescribed by this Code could or may not have a fire resistance rating.
result in some difficulty in achieving compliance. It A-I .2.1. Individual storage area. The width
is the intent of this Code that an acceptable level of of subsidiary aisles providing access to stored
safety be achieved rather than necessarily achieving products within an individual storage area may be
strict conformance to the National Building Code. determined by material handling methods, or other
The application of this Code to the upgrading of criteria such as minimum width for access to exits or
existing facilities to provide an acceptable degree of fire protection equipment.
life safety should be based on the judgement of the A-I .2. I. Service room. Typical examples of
enforcement authority, who must deal with each case service rooms include boiler rooms, furnace rooms,
on its merits. The Fire Code states that the owner or incinerator rooms, garbage handling rooms, janitors'
the owner's authorized agent is responsible for carry- closets and rooms to accommodate air-conditioning
ing out the provisions of the Code. However, the or heating appliances, pumps, compressors and elec-
owner is expected to communicate with the authority trical equipment. Rooms such as elevator machine
having jurisdiction, who is in a position to assess the rooms and common laundry rooms are not consid-
relative significance of variances from the National ered to be service rooms.
Building Code requirements. Such authority may
then determine that upgrading measures are not nec- A-I .2.1. Suite. Tenancy in the context of the term
essary, on the basis that the existing arrangement suite applies to both rental and ownership tenure. In
represents an acceptable level of life safety. a condominium arrangement, for example, dwelling
units are considered separate suites even though they
are individually owned. In order to be of comple-
The Appendix to this document is included for explanatory mentary use, a series of rooms that constitute a suite
purposes only and does not form part of the requirements.
The bold-faced reference numbers that introduce each item
are in reasonably close proximity to each other and
apply to the requirements in the Code. have access to each other either directly by means of
a common doorway or indirectly by a corridor, vesti- additional egress facilities may be required to com-
bule or other similar arrangement. pensate for the additional occupant load and, in some
n e term suite does not apply to rooms such as cases, additional fire suppression measures may be
service rooms, common laundry rooms and common required to compensate for the increased fuel load.
recreational rooms that are not leased or under a Large public corridors &I mercantile occupancies are
separate tenure in the context of the Code. Similarly, also used on a temporary basis for community
the term suite is not normally applied in the context activities, merchandising and for special displays. In
of buildings such as schools and hospitals, since the these cases, additional egress facilities and fire sup-
entire building is under a single tenure. A rented pression may be needed, depending on the increase
room in a nursing home could be considered as a in hazard.
suite if the room was under a separate tenure. A
hospital bedroom on the other hand is not considered A-2.1.3.1 . ( I ) The National Building Code repre-
to be under a separate tenure, since the patient has sents the desired minimum acceptable level of safety
little control of that space, even though he pays the for all buildings; it is therefore appropriate for the
hospital a per diem rate for the privilege of using the National Fire Code to require existing buildings to
hospital facilities, which include the sleeping areas. comply with the National Building Code*as much as
possible. It is usually difficult to change structural
For certain requirements in the National Building
features of an existing building, but installation of
Code the expression "room or suite" is used (e.g.
"active" fire protection systems, such as alarms,
travel distance). This means that the requirement
sprinklers, and standpipes, in existing buildings may
applies within the rooms of suites as well as to the
be possible. Such systems may be considered as
suite itself and to rooms that'may be located outside
contributing to an adequate degree of life safety in
the suite. In other places the expression "suite, and
cases where the structural features of a building do
rooms not located within a suite" is used (e.g. for the
not conform to the current National Building Code.
installation of smoke and heat detectors). This means
that the requirement applies to individual suites as Sentence 2.1.3.1.(I) is intended to require installation
defined, but not to each room within the suite. The of fire alarm, sprinkler and standpipe systems in
rooms "not within a suite" would include common existing buildings presently not so equipped, and to
laundry rooms, common recreational rooms and require upgrading of existing systems that do not
service rooms, that are not considered as tenant provide an acceptable level of safety to meet the
occupied space. current installation standards specified in the Na-
tional Building Code. It is not intended that existing
A-2.1.2.1. The method of determining building
fire protection systems that provide an acceptable
height in the National Building Code has been
level of life safety be upgraded with each new edition
changed from previous editions, and application of
of the National Building Code. The authority having
the current method to existing buildings for the pur-
jurisdiction is expected to use discretion in enforcing
poses of this Code could result in certain buildings
this requirement. The authority having jurisdiction
being reclassified as higher buildings. For this
may accept alternatives to strict compliance with the
reason, the National Fire Code suggests that building
National Building Code as provided for in Sentence
height is that which was established by the appli-
1.1.4.1.(1)and as clarified in Appendix Note A-
cable building code at the time,of construction,
1.1.4.1.(1). .
whether original construction or subsequent to
construction if additional storeys have been added to A-2.3.2.2. The small scale match flame test in
the building. NFPA 701 is a relatively simple test that can be used
to assess the condition of flame retardant treatments
A-2.1.2.2.(1) Arena-type building are often used
on samples from fabrics that have been in use for a
for events such as community dances, rallies and while. It is not intended that NFPA 701 be used as
trade shows. These events may increase the occu-
the primary standard for application of fire retardant
pant and fuel loads beyond that for which the space
treatments.
was designed. To ensure safety during such events,
 can, and the design of the spray nozzle. The flame A-3.3.6.9.(1) So many types, quantities, and con-
projection test measures the susceptibility of the centrations of dangerous goods could be present in a
aerosol spray to ignite, which is most important for building that setting maximum quantities allowed in
protecting consumers who, for example, might be unprotected buildings is very difficult. The hazard
smoking while using an aerosol product. presented by the dangerous goods is not necessarily
a function of their inherent flammability, but rather a
A direct comparison between the flammability
function of their potential for hampering fire fighting.
hazard symbols used in other Canadian regulations
If the area involved in dangerous goods storage is
and the Level 1,2 or 3 classification system used in
the NFC is not reliable. The Factory Mutual Engi- large enough, the owner must provide some degree
of built-in automatic fire suppression for the build-
neering Corporation classification system used in this
ing. Therefore, the point at which installation of an
Code measures the overall contribution of flammable
base product, combined with flammable gas propel- active fire suppression system becomes mandatory is
based on the total area involved in dangerous goods
lant, to the rate of growth and severity of a fire
involving a substantial number of aerosols. It may in storage, regardless of the product stored.
some cases be overly conservative to treat all aerosols The active suppression system intended is a sprinkler
bearing the highest hazard flammability symbol as system, installed throughout the building, not just in
determined by the flame projection test as Level 3 the area of dangerous goods storage. The objective is
aerosols. On the other hand, it may not be conserva- to control both a fire originating in a spot remote
tive enough to treat products that represent a moder- from the dangerous goods, so that it never threatens
ate hazard by the flame projection test, because of a the dangerous goods, and a fire involving the dan-
fortuitous nozzle design or low can pressure, as only gerous goods themselves. Even if a fire originates in
Level 2. This Code has adopted the aerosol classifica- a dangerous good on which water should not be
tion system developed by Factory Mutual Engineer- applied (stored pesticides for example), sprinklers
ing Corporation in the U.S. because it is most appro- may provide better control than alternative fire
priate to fighting moderate to large fires in buildings. fighting measures. A sprinkler system should
A-3.3.5.6. Factory Mutual Engineering Corpora- control the fire, limit its spread, and minimize the
tion Data Sheet 7-29S, "Storage of Aerosol Products," number of containers that fail. The sprinkler alarm
is considered to represent good engineering practice will notify responsible persons who can take correc-
for design of sprinkler systems in aerosol storage tive action while the fire is small. The amount of
areas. water applied to the pesticide by the sprinklers will
be small in comparison to what will have to be
A-3.3.6.3. Parts 4 and 5 of the National Fire Code
applied by hose streams once the fire is established.
specify ventilation rates to prevent the buildup of
dangerous concentrations of flammable vapours in Article 6.5.1.1. in the Fire Code refers to the National
rooms used for storing certain dangerous goods. Building Code of Canada, which sets the basic
Where no guidance is given, the design of the venti- criteria for sprinkler systems in Subsection 3.2.5.,
lation system should conform to good engineering "Provisions for Fire Fighting." These criteria may not
practice. Recommendations in the National Fire be appropriate for specific dangerous goods. For
Protection Association standards, or in the Manual of example, water may not be the best extinguishing
Recommended Practice for Industrial Ventilation, agent to use on a particular product. In such cases,
produced by the American Conference of Govern- special arrangements may be required, such as
mental Industrial Hygienists, would be considered isolating that product in an unsprinklered room
1 examples of good engineering practice. protected by a gaseous fire extinguishing agent.
A-3.3.6.6.(2) It is assumed that Material Safety It is assumed that the fire extinguishing system will
Data Sheets (MSDS) will in many cases be provided be designed by persons experienced in such design,
as part of the documentation for the Transportation using good fire protection engineering practice to
of Dangerous Goods Regulations, or the Workplace establish design criteria, such as type of suppressant
Hazardous Materials Information System legislation. to use, and rate of application.
A-3.3.6.1 0. Venting of smoke and other products over-riding federal control. Part 4 of the Fire Code
of combustion may be achieved by opening roof applies wherever flammable or combustible liquids
vents, breaking skylights, removing panels or are used or stored, except as specifically exempted in
opening windows. Smoke and hot gases should be Sentence 4.1.1.1.(2).
vented directly to the outside. A-4.1 .I.I4 2 ) Certain areas in refineries, chemical
A-3.3.6.1 1. Measures for control of spills include plants and distilleries will not meet all Code require-
provision of manhole or catchbasin covers for ments because of extraordinary conditions. Design
manual closing, and provision of absorbent materials should be based on good fire protection engineering
and portable containment dikes. The containment practice and on such factors as manual fire suppres-
measures should provide sufficient capacity to retain sion equipment, daily inspections, automated
all of the product likely to be spilled, plus the water transfer systems, location of processing units, and
used for fire fighting purposes, as far as possible. special diking, piping, controls and materials used.
The fire safety plan should include measures for A-4.1.2.1. The classification system for flammable
responding to a situation where the containment area liquids used by the Transportation of Dangerous
could be overtopped. Goods Regulations (TDGR) differs from the NFPA
classificat'on system used in the Fire Code. In the
A-3.3.6.12.(2) Access to at least two sides of a Fire Code, only liquids with a flash point below
building used for storage of dangerous goods is 37.8"C are referred to as "flammable" liquids,
required so that, if necessary, fire fighting operations whereas liquids having flash points at or above
can be set up on the upwind side of the building, to 37.8"C are "combustible" liquids. In contrast, the
minimize the adverse effects of toxic smoke. TDG Regulations, which regulate "flammable
A-3.3.6.1 2.(3) Protective clothing worn by fire liquidsU>sClass 3 ~ a n ~ e r & Goods,
s define "flam-
fighters in a fire involving dangerous goods is mable liquids" as liquids having a flash point below
bulkier than the usual fire fighting turn-out gear. 61°C. Therefore, the TDGR term "flammable liquids"
Therefore, Sentence 3.3.6.11.(3) requires access includes Class I1 liquids (with a maximum flash point
openings into buildings used for the storage of of 60°C), which are referred to as "combustible liq-
dangerous goods to be wider than otherwise re- uids" in the Fire Code terminology. The TDG
quired by the National Building Code of Canada. Regulations do not include Class IIIA liquids that
have a flash point above 60°C.
A-3.3.6.1 3. Fire fighters need to identify the sub-
The TDG Regulations further classify flammable
stances they may encounter in a building during a liquids into Divisions 1,2, and 3, depending on their
fire. Labelling of products to comply with the flash points. Division 1 flammable liquids have flash
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
points below -18°C; Division 2 flammable liquids
(WHMIS) or other provincial, territorial or federal have flash points at or above -18°C but below 23°C;
legislation is deemed to satisfy this requirement. and Division 3 flammable liquids have flash points at
A-3.3.6.1 4.(1) One or more placards at the door or above 23°C but below 61°C. For the purpose of
into a room used for storage of dangerous goods are comparing the TDGR classification system with the
required to inform fire fighters that dangerous goods NFC system, the differences between 23°C and
are contained within. In larger storage areas contain- 22.8"C, and between 61°C and 60°C may be ignored.
ing a variety of dangerous goods in different individ- The results of closed-cup flash point tests may vary
ual storage areas, each individual storage area should by as much as 1°C, so nothing is gained by unneces-
have placards. sary precision. The following table compares the two
classification systems.
A-4.1 .I.I.(I ) The all-inclusive phrase "buildings,
structures and open areas" includes but is not limited A-4.1.2.1 .(3)(b) The NFPA classification system
to tank farms, bulk plants, service stations, industrial for combustible liquids includes Class IIIB liquids,
plants, refineries, process plants, distilleries, and which have flash points at or above 93.3"C. These
piers, wharves and airports that are not subject to liquids are not regulated by Part 4 of the Fire Code
 Table A-4.1.2.1.
Formina Part of A-4.1.2.1
Comparison of NFC and 'TDGR Classification Criteria for Flammable and Combustible Liquids

below -1 8"
Flash Point,
"C
Boiling Point,
"C
NIA
Classification
NFC
IA
I Classification
3.1
at or above -1 8' and below 22.8" ('1 below 37.8' IA 3.2
below 22.8" at or above 37.8" :IB 3.2
at or above 22.8' and below 37.8" NIA IC 3.3
at or above 37.8' and below 60' (2) NIA 11 3.3
at or above 60" and below 93.3' NIA 111A Not Regulated
at or above 93.3' NIA Not Regulated Not Regulated
I Column 1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I
Note to Table A-4.1.2.1.:
('1 For purposes of comparison, 22.8'C is deemed to be equivalent to 23"C, as used in the TDGR.
(2) 60°C is deemed to be equivalent to 61'C, as used in the TDGR.

because they are deemed to represent no greater fire mable and Combustible Liquids Code." The defini-
hazard than other combustibles, such as wood or tion of "liquid" in that document states that "any
paper products. However, Article 4.1.2.2. clarifies material that has a fluidity greater than that of 300
that such liquids are effectively flammable liquids penetration asphalt, when tested in accordance with
when heated to their flash point temperature. ASTM D 5, 'Test for Penetration for Bituminous
A-4.1.3.1 .(I ) The kinematic viscosity of a liquid Materials,' " may be considered to be a liquid.
influences the choice of test most appropriate for A-4.1.4.1. Additional information on determining
measuring its flash point. For measurement of the extent of Division 1 or 2 zones in Class I locations
kinematic viscosity, the ASTM standards referenced may be found in "Hazardous Locations, A Guide for
use units of centistokes, or stokes. In Canada, the the Design, Construction and Installation of Electrical
unit used for kinematic viscosity is mm2/s (cgs), not Equipment," published by the Canadian Standards
stokes or centistokes. One centistoke has units of Association, in NFPA 30, "Flammable and Combus-
1 millimetre squared per second (1 mm2/s). tible Liquids Code," and in NFPA 497A, "Classifica-
For purposes of comparison, the kinematic viscosity tion of Class I Hazardous (Classified) Locations for
of water is 1.0038 mm2/s at 20°C; of glycerine, Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas."
approximately 1 185 mm2/s; and of some common A-4.1.5.1 O.(1) Limited quantities of flammable
motor oils, near 1 000 mm2/s. Some paints, lacquers liquids may be stored or used in basements where it
and glues have much higher kinematic viscosities, as is clear they do not create a fire hazard. Such factors
indicated by the upper limit of 15000 mm2/s in as the size of basement, ventilation, wiring, and prox-
ASTM D 3278. imity to sources of ignition should be taken into
The viscosity at which a liquid should no longer be account in determining whether an unsafe condition
treated as a liquid is addressed in NFPA 30, "Flam- exists.
A4.1.7.1. Article 3.3.1 -14. in the National Building A-4.2.2.3.(2) Flammable and combustible liquids
Code of Canada specifies that ventilation must be are classified as Class 3 dangerous goods in accor-
provided in conformance with the relevant portions dance with the Transportation of Dangerous Goods
of Part 6 of that Code if flammable vapour, gas, or Regulations (TDGR). However, Class 3 dangerous
dust could create a fire or explosion hazard. How- goods include liquids with flash points u p to 61°C,
ever, Part 6 of the NBC does not provide specific which means that Class IIIA combustible liquids with
information on the design of ventilation systems to flash points above 61°C are not treated as dangerous
prevent an accumulation of dangerous concentra- goods. For the purposes of this Article, Class IIIA
tions of flammable vapours. It refers instead to combustible liquids should be treated as Class 3 dan-
"good engineering practice" and directs the user to a gerous goods as described in Table 3.3.6.B.
number of NFPA standards for examples of good A-4.2.5.3. Article 4.2.5.3. addresses the potential
practice, depending on the nature of the vapours or hazard where flammable vapours are released
dusts. The requirements in Subsection 4.1.7. of the during transfer operations in an improperly venti-
Fire Code represent a minimum level of "good lated area, and where sources of ignition may not be
practice" for preventing an accumulation of explo- adequately controlled. It is not intended to prohibit
sive concentrations of vapours from flammable or the opening of small containers in retail areas of paint
combustible liquids. stores for the purpose of tinting paints.
A4.1.7.2.(3) Natural ventilation is normally ade- A-4.2.7.5.(2) Requirements pertaining to spatial
quate for the storage of flammable liquids and separation of buildings are found in Subsection 3.2.3.,
combustible liquids, or the dispensing of combustible "Spatial Separation and Exposure Protection of
liquids. Such ventilation should consist of perma- Buildings," in the National Building Code of Canada.
nent openings at ceiling and floor levels leading to
the outside. At least 0.1 m2each of free inlet and A-4.2.7.7. Options for acceptable fixed fire sup-
pression systems for protection of flammable or com-
outlet openings per 50 m2of floor area should be
bustible liquid storage areas include: automatic
provided. A mechanical ventilation rate of at least
18 m3/h per square metre of room area, but not less sprinkler, foam sprinkler, water spray, carbon
dioxide, dry chemical or halon systems. Appendix D
than 250 m3/h is normally adequate for rooms where
flammable liquids are dispensed into portable of NFPA 30, "Flammable and Combustible Liquids
containers. Ventilation for process areas must be Code," represents good engineering practice for
designed to suit the nature of the hazard in accor- design of sprinkler or foam water systems for flam-
mable and combustible liquid storage areas.
dance with good engineering practice.
A-4.2.7.8.(2) Containers of flammable or combus-
A-4.1.7.2.(5) Failure of the mechanical ventilation tible liquids could be punctured or deformed by
system would include any condition that would being pushed up against a protrusion from a wall.
prevent the systems from meeting the minimum The required wall clearance is intended to prevent
ventilation rate specified in Sentence (4), i.e. 18 m3/h such damage, and to permit visual inspection of the
per square metre, or 250 m3/h. The velocity of air in sides of the individual storage area. The clearance
the exhaust duct, or the rpm of the fan, would be two may be omitted for narrow shelves along a wall,
indicators of whether the ventilation system was where the backs of the shelves can be inspected from
operating properly. the aisle.

A4.1.8.2.(1 )(b) Build-up of static electric charges A-4.2.8.1. Subsection 4.2.8. applies to those por-
near the surface of liquids being poured into non- tions of an industrial plant where the use and han-
dling of liquids is only incidental, or secondary to the
conducting containers may be controlled or elimi-
principal business. The word "incidental" does not
nated by: limiting the filling rate to velocities less
imply "small quantity," or "insignificant amount."
than 1 m/s, using a grounded lance or nozzle exten-
sion to the bottom of the container, limiting free fall, An automobile assembly plant is one example of a
location where use of flammable or combustible
or using antistatic additives.
liquids is secondary to the principal activity. Cleans- guidelines may be considered as good engineering
ers, protective coatings, or paints are used at various practice in assessing the protection necessary for
locations along the assembly line. The principal tanks.
activity is production of automobiles, but flammable
A-4.3.8.9.(1) The purpose of anchoring or provid-
liquids are used in certain portions of that activity.
ing overburden on top of underground storage tanks
Other examples include plants for construction of
is to prevent them from lifting out of the ground in
electronic equipment, furniture manufacturing in-
the event of a rise in the water table or a flood. Any
dustries, and fabricators of reinforced plastic tanks or
proposed means of anchorage or overburden must be
boats.
sufficient to resist the uplift forces on tanks when
A-4.2.8.4.(1 )(a) Sources of ignition include, but they are empty and completely submerged.
are not limited to, open flames, lightning, smoking,
Means which have been employed successfully to
cutting and welding, hot surfaces, frictional heat,
protect tanks against uplift are
static, electrical and mechanical sparks, spontaneous
(a) anchor straps to concrete supports beneath
ignition, heat producing chemical reactions, and
them,
radiant heat. The fire separation required in the
(b) ground anchors, and
article should also prevent the passage of vapours.
(c) reinforced concrete slabs or planks on top of
A-4.2.1 1.3. Requirements for location and design them.
of access routes for fire department vehicles are con-
A-4.3.9.1 .(2) PACE Report No. 87-1 "Guideline e
tained in Subsection 3.2.5. of the National Building
Specification for the Impressed Current Method of
Code of Canada.
Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum
A-4.3.7.2.(1) The primary function of a diked en- Storage Tanks" published by the Canadian Petro-
closure is to contain the maximum anticipated liquid leum Products Institute is considered good engineer-
spill, but sufficient distance between dike and tank ing practice for this application.
shell is also required so that a jet of liquid issuing
from a ~ u n c t u r ewill not over-shoot the dike. A-4.3.1 1.3.(5) (Appendix Note deleted) r2
L

A-4.3.1 2.1 4 2 ) The National Fire Code requires all

A-4.3.7.2.(2) The reduction of the tank to dike
buildings to conform to the National Building Code
distance should be made only after consideration of
of Canada (NBC) with respect to alarm, sprinkler or
such factors as the proximity of the tanks to buildings
standpipe systems, and means of egress. Thus the
and other hazards, the risk associated with the
requirements in the NBC for fire protection systems
product in the tanks, the location of sewers or water
in F-1 occupancies apply to buildings regulated
courses and the height of the tank.
under this Subsection. However, in applying NBC
A-4.3.7.5.(2) When the height of a dike exceeds requirements to existing buildings, the authority
1.8 m, there is an increased potential for heavier- having jurisdiction should take into consideration the
than-air vapour to accumulate at ground level within practicality and cost of full compliance, and alterna-
the dike enclosure. Depending on the nature of such tive ways to achieve the desired level of safety, as
a vapour accumulation, it may be of an explosive described in Appendix A-1.1.4.1.
nature or may be of sufficient toxicity to seriously
endanger personnel. Entry into such an enclosure A-4.3.1 2.8.(1) For design of normal and emer-
should always be preceded by sufficient testing for gency venting of indoor storage tanks, Sentence
such a vapour accumulation. 4.3.12.9.(1) refers to Subsection 4.3.4., which in turn
refers to API 2000, "Venting Atmospheric and Low
A-4.3.7.7. Guidelines for the protection of storage
Pressure Storage Tanks.u API 2000 is
tanks may be found in standards published by the
intended for outdoor tanks rather than indoor tanks.
National Fire Protection Association, Insurers' The venting rate reduction factors for water spray on
Advisory Organization of Canada, Industrial Risk
~nsurers-and t h e Factory Mutual System. Such
I
A 4 m 3 m l lm3m(5)
(drawing deleted)

the tank surface, or drainage rates for spilled liquids, A-4.3.1 2.9.(2) Good engineering practice for
should not be used to calculate the emergency design of supports for suspended storage tanks
venting rate of a storage tank installed inside a should meet the intent of Subsection 4.3.3. as far as
building. The effects of water spray cooling, and possible. Such factors as the provision of adequate
room drainage on the calculated emergency venting fire resistance for supports, the need to prevent over-
rate must be worked out according to good engineer- stressing the tank shell or its supports, and resistance
ing practice. Increased emergency venting capacity to earthquake forces in areas subject to earthquake
may be required. forces, should be taken into consideration.
 A-4.3.1 3.3.(1) The small diameter hose stations ment include the measures described in NFPA-30,
permitted in Article 6.2.3.4. are not intended for "Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code."
fighting a flammable or combustible liquid fire. Such
A-4.5.7.2.(1) Waste oils often contain both oil and
fires should be fought using fog nozzles rather than
more volatile flammable liquids, such as gasoline and
solid water streams, because solid streams may
solvents. The hazard presented by the mixture is
spread the liquid fuel and worsen the situation. The
governed by the more volatile component. Since
small diameter hoses permitted in lieu of extinguish-
there is no way to ensure that more volatile liquids
ers are intended to be used for prompt suppression
are not mixed with the oil, waste oils should be
of a small fire in ordinary combustibles, and for
treated as flammable liquids.
prompt wash-down of spilled flammable or combus-
tible liquids, before any fire occurs. A-4.5.8.4.(1) The authorized holder of a card or
key, having received adequate instruction in the safe
A-4.3.1 4.4. Examples of devices to prevent
overflow include liquid level monitoring devices and responsible operation of the equipment, is not
with alarms, float valves, preset meters on the fill considered a member of the "general public." Such is
line, valves actuated by the weight of the tank not the case for coin operated or preset dispensing
contents, low head pumps which are incapable of units, which could be operated by anyone.
producing overflow or liquid-tight overflow pipes at A-4.5.9.2.(2) Examples of signs for use at service
least one pipe size larger than the fill pipe and dis- stations are shown below.
charging by gravity back to the outside source of
liquid or to a safe location.
f \
A-4.3.1 6.1 .(2) Methods for testing to determine
the location of leaks include ultrasonic, magnetic NO SMOKING
particle and videographic testing. The location of
leaks in the bottom of a tank shell may also be WITHIN 7.5 m
determined by the vacuum box method. It is antici- ---
pated that all such testing will be conducted by
individuals or companies experienced in these test TURN IGNITION OFF
procedures.
WHILE BEING
A-4.4.7.1 1 . ( I ) It is good practice to space hangers
for pipe having a nominal diameter of 50 mm or less REFUELLED
not more than 3.5 m apart. \ /
A-4.5.2.2.(2) This requirement is intended to
prevent the accumulation of flammable vapours in A-4.6.6.5.(2) CTC 1982-8 RAIL was published in
low areas of buildings. If low areas are equipped Canada Gazette, Part 11, Vol. 116, No. 23, dated
with suitable continuously operating mechanical December 8,1982, Registration No. SOR/82-1015,
ventilation, flammable vapours would not be ex- dated November 19,1982. Copies may be purchased
pected to accumulate. from: Supply and Services Canada, Publishing
.4

e A-4.5.2.9.(2) PACE Report No. 87-1, "Guideline Centre, Ottawa, KIA OS9.
Specification for the Impressed Current Method of A-4.8.3.4.(2) Examples of such equipment are
Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum dispensing stations, open centrifuges, plate and
Storage Tanks" published by the Canadian Petro- frame filters, open vacuum filters and surfaces of
leum Products Institute is considered good engineer-
open equipment.
ing practice for this application.
A-4.9.1 .I. ( I ) Beertwine, and spirits which contain
A-4.5.3.2.(2)(b) Acceptable measures to ensure less than 20 per cent by volume alcohol, are not
proper safety in the use of fixed dispensing equip-
considered to be flammable liquids and are not having a flash point higher than 93.3"C, such as
regulated by this Section. Section 4.9 does not apply asphalt may assume the characteristics of lower flash
to wineries where distilled beverage alcohol is used point liquids when heated.
to fortify wine.
A-4.1 1 -4.1 4 2 ) Ontario Fuels Safety Branch
A-4.9.3.2. Exposed steel supports do not have a standards may be obtained from: Ontario Fuels
2 h fire-resistance rating, and need protection as Safety Branch, Ministry of Consumer and Commer-
much as timber supports for tanks. Due to the water cial Relations, 3300 Bloor St. W., 4th Floor West
miscibility of beverage alcohols, automatic sprinklers Tower, Toronto, Ontario M8X 2x2.
provide an effective means of achieving the necessary
A-5.1 -3.2. In addition to the general requirements
protection, provided there is sufficient space under
the tank to permit their installation. of CSA C22.1, "Canadian Electrical Code, Part I,"
special attention must be given to Sections 18,20 and
A-4.9.3.3. The use of "good engineering practice" 22. Section 18 specifies wiring requirements for Class
in the design of normal and emergency venting is I, I1 and I11 hazardous locations. Section 20 provides
intended to prevent an accumulation of flammable specific requirements for areas where flammable or
vapours inside the building that may present an combustible liquids are stored or dispensed. Section
explosion hazard. For new tank installations, this 22 specifies wiring requirements for areas where cor-
may be achieved by directing breather vents and rosive liquids or vapours or excessive moisture are
emergency vents, equipped with flame arrestors or present.
pressure/vacuum valves, to the outside of the
A-5.5.3.1 . ( I ) The purpose of this requirement is to
building. However, on existing tank installations,
installation of such vents may be impractical. Vent- prevent the storage of ammonium nitrate in facilities
which contain a space below the floor where molten
ing into the interior space may not constitute an
undue hazard where certain measures are taken to ammonium nitrate could pool in the event of a fire.
ensure an acceptable degree of fire safety. Such A-5.5.3.1 4 2 ) Copper or its alloys should not be
measures include, but are not limited to: installation used where they may come in contact with ammo-
of automatic sprinklers throughout the tank room nium nitrate as they may react with it to form poten-
and under any raised tanks greater than 1.2 m in tially explosive mixtures.
diameter; classification of electrical equipment and
wiring according to the zone classifications of the A-5.5.3.3. The purpose of the ventilation is to
Canadian Electrical Code; provision of adequate remove and dissipate the gases from burning ammo-
natural or mechanical ventilation meeting the objec- nium nitrate. One of the major gases given off by
tives of Article 4.9.6.1 .; and training of personnel in such combustion is nitrous oxide which, in sufficient
safe operating procedures. quantities, can create problems for fire fighters.

A-4.9.4.3. Article 3.3.2.4. to, which refers to com- A-5.6.1.1 4 3 ) For purposes of this exemption, a
bustible pallets and storage aids, applies also to the distributor is deemed to be a commercial enterprise
storage of empty combustible barrels. regularly handling or storing more than 1500 kg of
compressed gases for purposes of resale. Such dis-
A-4.9.5.1. Piping and pumping systems should be tributors are expected to follow the same good
designed to recognized engineering standards and engineering practices as their suppliers. The docu-
accepted industry practice. ment CGA P-1, "Safe Handling of Compressed Gases
in Containers," represents good engineering practice
A-4.1 1 .I. 1. Additional safeguards may be neces-
for the handling of compressed gases. It may be
sary for tank vehicles used for the transportation of obtained from The Compressed Gas Association
flammable or combustible liquids having properties
Incorporated, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arling-
which introduce unusual factors, such as high rates
ton, VA, 22202.
of expansion, instability, corrosion and toxicity.
Attention is directed to the fact that some cutback A-5.6.1.4.(2) Methods of preventing valve dam-
asphalts have flash points below 37.g°C, and liquids age include the use of valve caps, storage in crates