MATH 3200 –Exam Review Math 30-1 Diploma Review

MULTIPLE CHOICE
 1 
1. What is the mapping rule for y  6   f   x  4 ?
 2 
 x, y    
 x, y     
1 1
A) x  4,  y  6  B) x  4, y  6 
2   2 
C)  x, y    2 x  8,  y  6 D)  x, y    2 x  8,  y  6
2. The graph of y  f ( x) has been reflected across the x-axis and stretched vertically by a
factor of 2 and translated 5 units left. Which of the equations would describe the new graph?
1
A) y   f (2 x  5) B) y  2 f ( x  5) C) y  2 f ( x  5) D) y   f ( x  5)
2

3. Which equation best describes the transformations that have been applied to y  f ( x) as
shown in the graph? y

10

A) y  2 f   x   1 8

6
1
B) y  f x 1 4
2 y = f( x )
C) y  2 f ( x)  1
2

D) y  2 f ( x)  1 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x

-2

4. Given the point (0,0) is on a graph. For which of the following transformations would it
remain an invariant point?

A) reflection in x-axis, vertical translation B) reflection in y-axis, horizontal translation

C) any combination of translations & stretches D) any combination of reflections & stretches

5. If a function y  f ( x) has a point with coordinates  a, b  , what are the coordinates of a point

on the graph of y  3 f   1  x  1  ?
 2 
 a  a 
A)  2a 1, 3b  B)  2a  1, 3b  C)    1, 3b  D)   1,3b 
 2  2 
6. If a function, y  f ( x) , has a point with coordinates  2, 5 , what would the coordinates of
a point on the graph of y  f 1 ( x) be?
A)  2,5 B)   1 ,  1  C)  5, 2 D)  5, 2 
 2 5

7. Given y  f ( x) has been transformed by a reflection in the y-axis, a horizontal stretch of 1 , a

4
horizontal translation of 1 unit right and a vertical translation of 2 units down, what is the new
equation for the image graph?

A) y   f (4 x  1)  2 B) y  f  4  x  1   2
1 1
C) y   f (  x  1)  2 D) y  f ( x  1)  2
4 4

8. Which of the following represents the graph of y  2 x  1  3 ?

y y y y
8 8
A) B) 4 C) D) 2
6 6
2 -2 2 4 6 8 x
4
4 -2
2
-4 -2 2 4 x 2 -4

-4 -2 2 4 x -2 -6
-2 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-4 -8
-4 -2
- 10
-6

9. Given that f ( x)  x has been stretched vertically by a factor of 5 , reflected across the
y-axis, moved up 3 units, and moved left 4 units, which of the following equations represents
the transformed image?
1 1
A) g ( x)    x  4  3 B) g ( x)    x  4  3 C) g ( x)  5  x  4  3 D) g ( x)  5  x  4  3
5 5
10. Given f ( x)  x , which of the following graphs represents a transformation y  a b  x  h   k
for a  0, b  0, h  0 and k  0 ?
y

A)
y
B)
C) y
C) y
D) 4
4 4
4
2 2
2
2
-4 -2 2 4 x
-2 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 x
-4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-6 -4 -2 2 4 x
-4 -2
-2
-2 -6
-4
-4 -8
-4
-10

1
11. What are the domain and range for 2  y  1   x6 ?
3
D: x x  6, x  R D: x x  6, x  R D: x x  18, x  R D: x x  18, x  R
A) B) C) D)
R:  y y  1, y  R R:  y y  1, y  R R:  y y  1, y  R R:  y y  1, y  R
12. The graph of y  f ( x) is shown in the graph. Which of the following equations could
represent the equation for y  f  x  ?
y
y = f( x )

A) f  x   x 2  4 B) f  x   x 2  4
C) f  x    x2  4 D) f  x    x2  4
x

13. The domain of y  bx 2  2 is undefined, which of the following best describes the
value of ' b ' ?

A) b  0 B) b  0 C) b  1 D) b  0

14. What is the domain of y  2  3x ?

     
A)  x x  , x  R 
3
B)
2
x x  , x  R C) x x  2, x  R D)
2
x x  , x  R
  2  3   3 
The graph of f ( x)  x  8 is given. What points would be invariant points when considering the graphs
2
15.
of y  f ( x) and y  f ( x) ?
2
y
f( x ) = x – 8

A)  3,0 and 3,0 4

B)  2 2,1 and  2 2,1 -4 -2

-2
2 4 x

 2 2,0 and  3,1

-4

C) -6

-8

-10
D) no invariant points
y

16. The graph of y  f ( x) is given. Which graph represents the graph of y  f ( x) ? x

A) B) C) D)
y = f(x)
y y =y f(x)
y = f(x)
y y = f(x) y

y = f(x)
y = f(x) y = f(x)
x x

x x

y = f(x)
17. Given the graph of y  f ( x) shown , which of the following graphs would best represent
the graph of y  f ( x) ?
y

y = f( x )
y

A) B) C) y D) y  f ( x) is not
y

defined

x x x

If f ( x)   x  16 , which best describes the domain and range of y  f ( x) ?

2
18.

D: x x  R D: x 4  x  4, x  R
A) B)
R:  y y  0, y  R R:  y 0  y  4, y  R
D: x 4  x  4, x  R D: x x  R
C) D)
R:  y y  4, y  R R:  y 0  y  4, y  R
19. Use the graph provided to solve the equation, x  8  2x  1 y y = 2x + 1
5
4
y = x + 8
7 3

A) x   and x  1 B) x 1 2

4 1

- 10 - 9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1

C) 1,3 D) no solution
-2
-3
-4
-5

20. Which of the following is a polynomial with degree 4,having no quadratic term and
a graph which extends into the third and fourth quadrants?

A) P  x   x 2  5 B) P  x    x 4  5x C) P  x   x 4  x3  5 D) P  x   4 x3  6 x  5

21. Which of the functions is not a polynomial function?

1  x7  8x2
A) P  x   3x  5 x 2 1
B) P  x   3x  x 4
C) P  x   x  5 D) P  x  
5 2

22. Which of the following is the graph of an odd degree polynomial with a positive leading coefficient and
a root of multiplicity 2?

y y y y

A) B) C) D)
x
x x

y
23. Which of the following equations represents the graph shown? 10

A) y  2  x  1 x  1 x  2  6

B) y  2  x  1 x  1 x  2 
2 4

C) y  2  x  1 x  1 x  2  -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
-2

D) y   x  x  1 x  1 x  2 
2
-4

What is the remainder when p( x)  x  bx  3x  2 is divided by  x  1 ?

71 3
24.
A) 1 B) b  6 C) b  2 D) 2
25. Given that  3x  1 is a factor of P( x)  3x3  5x 2  26 x  8 , what are the remaining factors?
A)  x  2 &  x  4 B)  x  4 &  x  2
C) 3,  x  2  &  x  4  D) 3,  x  4  &  x  2 

26. What is the value of k if  x  2  is a factor of 2 x3  kx2  x  3 ?

21 15 21
A)  B)  C) D) 2
4 4 4
27. Which of the following represents the graph of a polynomial with a root of odd multiplicity?
y
y

A) B) C) D)
y y

x x

28. What is the quotient when P  x   2 x3  3x 2  5 is divided by  x  1 ?

A) 2 x 2  x  1 B) 2 x2  x  6 C) 2 x  1 D) 2 x2  5x  5

29. Given P  x  has zeros of -1 and 5, and P  x   0 only for x   5,   , which of the following
graphs best represents y  P( x) ?
y
y

A) B) y
C) y
D)

-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x x
-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x

30. Using the Integral Roots Theorem, what is the list of possible integral zeros for P( x)  x 4  2 x  12 ?

A) 1, 12 B) 2, 3, 4, 6 C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 D) 1, 2, 12

31. Which of the following statements is true?

A) A polynomial of degree 4 must have 4 real roots.

B) A polynomial whose graph lies below the x-axis only for x   1,3 must
have only 2 real roots and therefore must be a quadratic.
C) A cubic polynomial will have 3 different real roots.
D) An odd degree polynomial must have at least one real root.

32. Convert to radian measure: 137o

A) 0.75 B) 1.19 C) 2.39 D) 43.61

33. Convert to degree measure: 2 radians

A) 360 o
B) 114.59o C) 565.49o D) 2 o

3
34. Which angle is coterminal to ?
5
3 13  2
A)  B) C) D)
5 5 5 5
11
35. Which of the following represents the reference angle for ?
7
 3 4
A) B) C) D) 283°
7 7 7

36. In the unit circle, in which quadrant is tan  positive and csc negative?
A) I B) II C) III D) IV

37. Find the exact coordinates of the point of intersection, P   , of the terminal arm
of an angle which is in standard position in the unit circle,   11 .
3
 
A)   3 , 1  B)   3 , 1  C)  1 ,  3  D)  1 ,  3 
   2 2    
 2 2     2 2  2 2 
 5
38. Which of the following graphs represents the angle of drawn in standard yposition?
y y 6y

A) B) C) D) x
x x x

39. Which of the following expressions will generate all angles which are coterminal
3
with an angle of ?
4

A)   2 n, n  N B)  + n, n  I C) 3  2 n, n  I D) 3  2 n, n  N
4 4 4 4

5 11
40. What is the exact value of csc2  tan ?
3 6
A) 4  3 B) 4 3 C) 1 D) 4 3
3 3

41. Solve sec2 x 1  3, x 0, 2  ?

 5  11  5 7 11  2 4 5
A) , B) , C) , , , D) , , ,
3 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 3

42. What is the arc length of a195 angle in a circle with a diameter of 8 cm?
13 26
A) 13 cm cm B) C) cm D) 780 cm
3 12 3
43. If 2cos x   3 , then find x. ( 0  x  360 )

A) 30°, 330° B) 30°, 150° C) 210°, 330° D) 150°, 210°

44. Solve for ALL values of x: 2 tan x  3  1

 
A) x   2 k , k  I B) x    k, k  I
4 4

3  3
C) x   2 k , k  I D) x  ,
4 4 4
Solve 2sin x cos x  3 sin x cos x  0 for x, where 0  x  2 .
2
45.

 4 3 5  3
A) 0, , , , , B) 0, , ,
2 3 2 3 2 2


4 3 5  7 3 11
C) 0, , ,
, , , 2 D) 0, ,  , , ,
2 3 2 3 2 6 2 6
46. Solve 2cos x  5  3 for x, where 0  x  360

A) 0° B) 90° C) 180° D) 360°

47. Solve 2sin x  0.506 , for 0  x  360

A) -14.7° B) 14.7° C) 194.7°, 345.3° D) 14.7°, 165.3°

48. Determine the equation of the circle whose centre is at  0, 0  with a radius of 7.
A) x 2  y 2  7 B) x  y  7 C) x  y  49 D) x 2  y 2  14
2 2 2 2

 2
49. Given that P  x,  is a point on the unit circle, what are the possible value(s) for x ?
 3
1 5 5 5
A) B) C)  D) 
3 3 9 3

50. Given x  45  120k , k  I , list the angles for -180˚ < x < 270˚.

A) 175, 75, 45,175 B) -75˚, 45,165 C) 45,165 D) 45, 45,165

51. Use the graph to solve the equation 4sin 2 x 1  5 , where 90  x  450 .
y
6 y=4sin2x - 1
A) 135,315
4
B) 135, 225,315
2

x C) 225, 45,135,315
- 360 ° - 270 ° - 180 ° - 90 ° 90 ° 180 ° 270 ° 360 ° 450 ° 540 °
-2
-4 D) 225, 45,135,315, 495
-6
-8

52. Given the function below, which of these statements is true?

A) The function is neither periodic nor sinusoidal.

B) The function is periodic, but not sinusoidal.
C) The function is sinusoidal, but not periodic.
D) The function is both periodic and sinusoidal.

53. What describes the transformations of the sinusoidal function, 3 y  9  cos 2 x  360  ?
A) Nine units up, 360O left, vertical stretch of 3, and horizontal stretch of 2.
B) Three units up, 180O left, vertical stretch of 3, and horizontal stretch of 2.
1 1
C) Three units down, 180O right, vertical stretch of , and horizontal stretch of .
3 2
1 1
D) Nine units down, 360O left, a vertical stretch of , and horizontal stretch of .
3 2
54. For a sinusoidal function with a period of 270 , what is the horizontal stretch?
4 3
A) B) C) 90 D) 90
3 4

55. What is the equation of the sinusoidal axis of the graph that has a local maximum of 8 and a local
minimum of –2?
A) y  5 B) y  4 C) y  3 D) y  1

56. What is the maximum value of a sinusoidal function that has a minimum value of –2 and a
sinusoidal axis of y = 7?
A)11.5 B)12 C)14 D) 16

 
57. What is the amplitude for the function - 1  y  3  sin 2  x   ?
4  3
A) 1 B) 4 C) -4 D) 1
4 2
5
58. What is the period of the function y  2cos  x  45  4 ?
3
A) 216° B) 360° C) 600° D) 720°

 
59. What is the equation of the sinusoidal axis for 2  y  1  sin 1  x   ?
3 4
A) y  1 B) y  1 C) y  2 D) y  1
3
60. What is the range for the function y  3cos 4  x  60  2 ?


A) y 1  y  1, y   
B) y 1  y  5, y   
C) y 5  y  1, y    
D) y y 

61. Which equation corresponds to the graph of y  sin x which has vertically stretched by a
1
factor of , horizontally stretched by a factor of 2 with a vertical displacement of 1 and
3
phase shift of 30o left?

A) y  3sin 2  x  30  1 B) y  3sin 2  x  30  1

1 1
C) y  sin 12  x  30   1 D) y  sin 12  x  30   1
3 3
62. Simplify the expression: csc  cos2   sin 

(A) sin  (B) csc  (C) sec x (D) 1

63. Simplify: sec x  tan x sin x

(A) 1 (B) sec x (C) cos x (D) cos 2 x

64. Simplify: tan 2 x cot 2 x cos2 x

(A) cos x (B) cos 2 x (C) 1  sin x (D) sin 2 x

sin 2 x
65. Jordan an Ebony are simplifying . Their solutions are shown below.
cos 2 x sin 2 x

Jordan’s Solution Ebony’s Solution

sin 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x

sin 2 x
cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x 1
tan 2 x 1
sec2 x

(A) Jordan is incorrect. Ebony is incorrect. (B) Jordan is correct. Ebony is incorrect.
(C) Jordan is incorrect. Ebony is correct. (D) Jordan is correct. Ebony is correct.
tan 2 x 1
66. Simplify:
tan 2 x
2
(A) sin x (B) cos 2 x (C) tan 2 x (D) csc2 x

67. If sin 1 and 0 90 , what is the exact value of sin 2 ?

4
(A) 83 (B) 12 (C) 15
8 (D) 17
8

68. If sec 6 and 3 2 , what is the exact value of cos 2 ?

5 2

(A) 47 (B) 7 7
(C) 18 (D) 23
25 5
sin 2 tan tan
69. What is the simplified form of ?
sin tan tan

(A) sin 1 (B) sin 1 (C) sin (D)

cot 2 x
70. Simplify the expression:
1 cot 2 x

(A) cos 2 x (B) sin 2 x (C) tan 2 x (D) sec2 x

71. 9
Simplify: cos2 2  sin 2 2 9
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) tan  
2 2
9
(D) cos 49
72. Which is equivalent to sin 4 cos4 ?

(A) 2sin 2 1 (B) 2sin 4 1 (C) 2cos4 1 (D) cos 2

73. Which of the following is equivalent to sin x ?

(A) 1 2sin 2 14 x (B) cos2 x sin 2 x (C) 1 cos x (D) 2sin 12 x cos 12 x

74. What is the exact value of sin 2 in the diagram shown?

(A) 5 (B) 10
13 13

25
(C) (D) 120
169 169
75. What is the exact value of tan if tan 3 and tan 1 ?
4 2

2
(A) 11 (B) 83 (C) 54 (D) 2

cos x
76. What are the non-permissible values of x for ?
sin x 1

(A) x 2 2 n, n I (B) x n, n I (C) x 2 n, n I (D) x 2 n, n I

tan x
77. What are the non-permissible values of x for ?
cos x 1

2 n, n I
x 3
(A) x 2 n, n I (B) x n, n I (C) n, n I (D) x 2 2 n, n I
2

sin cos
78. What are the non-permissible values for over the interval 0, 2 ?
1 sin 2
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 0, (D) 2 , 32

cos 2 x  sin x
79. Simplify:
sin x cos x

(A) cot x  sec x (B) csc x  sec x (C) cos x (D) tan x  sec x

x 1
80. What is the equation of the horizontal asymptote of y 3 2 4?
(A) y 4 (B) y 2 (C) y 3 (D) y 4

x 4
81. What is the range for y 2 13 1?
(A) yy 0, y (B) yy 1, y
(C) yy 1, y (D) yy 1, y

82. The function y 4 x is translated 3 units to the right, reflected across the x-axis, stretched
vertically by a factor of 2, stretched horizontally by a factor of 5 and translated 1 unit upward.
Which is the new function?
5x 3 5x 3
(A) y 2 4 1 (B) y 2 4 1
1 x 3 1x 3
5 5
(C) y 2 4 1 (D) y 2 4 1

x 3
83. Solve for x: 9 27 x 1

(A) -9 (B) -4 (C) -3 (D) 9

84. Solve for x: 3  9x1

(A) x   34 (B) x   12 (C) x   14 (D) x  0

85. Which graph best represents the function y  c x  k , c  1, k  0 ?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

86. Which function best describes the table?

x -4 0 4 8
2
y 3 2 6 18


x
(B) y  2  3 (C) y  2  3 4
x
(A) y  23  3 4
x x
(D) y  2 13
4

87. Which of the following represents a decay curve?

   
x
(A) y  3  4  (C) y  2  0.4 
x x
(B) y  1.5 32
x
(D) y  13 54

88. Solve for x: 82 x3  16

1

(A) x   16 (B) x  56 (C) x  76 (D) x  13

6

Which situation can be modeled by the function y  300  0.8 2 ?

x
89.
(A) 300 grams of a radioactive substance decays by 20% every 2 years.
(B) 300 grams of a radioactive substance decays by 80% every 2 years.
(C) 300 grams of a radioactive substance decays by 20% every year.
(D) 300 grams of a radioactive substance decays by 80% every year.

What is the y-intercept for y  2  3  1 ?

x
90.
(A)  0,1 (B)  0, 2  (C)  0,3 (D)  0, 7 

2
 27  3
91. Simplify:    31  40
 8 
(A)  7 (B)  2 (C) 19 (D) 0
4 9 12

2 x 18 x
92. Write as a power of 2:
42 x 1
(A) 28 x1 (B) 28 x3 (C) 28 x1 (D) 23

 272 x  25x  36 x  2

4

93. Which expression is equivalent to ?

9 x  625x 1 
2

5 x 16 x 8 5 x 16 x 8 x 8 x
(A) 3  5 (B) 3  5 (C) 3  5 (D) 3  5
8

94. Sarah purchased a new car in 2005 for $27 000. If it depreciates at a rate of 3.5% every year, what will
be the value of the car in 2015?
(A) $22594.37 (B) $18907.62 (C) $9450.00 (D) $3132.78

95. Which of the following represents exponential growth?

  x
  (D) y  13  0.6 
x x
(B) y  13  2 
x
(A) y  2 54 (C) y  3 74

96. A cup of hot chocolate is cooling exponentially and its cooling is modelled by the function
T  74  0.91 3  20 , where T is the temperature of the hot chocolate in °C after t minutes. What
t

is the initial temperature of the hot chocolate?

(A) 20°C (B) 74°C (C) 87°C (D) 94°C

x2
 1 
97. If f  x   3    12 , then what is the value of x when f  x   87 ?
 125 
(A) x   83 (B) x   43 (C) x  43 (D) x  83

What is the zero of f  x   2  25  10 ?

2x
98.
(A) x  8 (B) x  14 (C) x  12 (D) x  2
99. The engine coolant in a car cools exponentially with respect to time after the car is shut off. The
x
function T  90 12   7
 6 represents the temperature, T, of the coolant, in degrees Celsius, after x
minutes. If the car was parked outside, what temperature
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
5
4
3
2
1
was it that day?
80
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1
2
3
4
5

(A) 6º (B) 7º (C) 51º (D) 90º

T
(0, 80)
100. Which function describes this data? 80
70
60

 
t t
(A) T  80  2  2 (B) T  80 12 2 50
40 (2, 40)

 
2 2
(C) T  80 2 (D) T  80  2 
1 t 30
t (4, 20)
20

101. What is the inverse of y  log4 x ? 10

1 2 3 4 5 t

A) 4 y  x B) y  4 x C) x  y 4 D) y  x 4

102. What is the exponential form of log8 x   ?

A) 8  x B) x   8 C) 8x   D) x8  

103. The function y  log x has been transformed to y  4  log  x  2  . Which is a possible graph for this
logarithmic function?
y y
A) 6
B) 4
5 3
2
4 1
3
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
2 -2
1 -3
-4
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 x -5
-6
-2 -7
-8
-3 -9
-4 -10

y y
8
C) 7 D) 4
3
6 2
5 1
4
3 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
2 -2
-3
1 -4
-5
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 x -6
-2 -7
-3 -8
-4 -9
-10

104. What is the domain of y  log5  6  2 x  ?

A) {x | x  3, x  R} B) {x | x  3, x  R} C) {x | x  3, x  R} D) {x | x  3, x  R}

105. Solve for x : log x  4 x  5  log 2 4

A) -1, 5 B) 1, -5 C) -1 D) 5

106. Solve for x : 2log x  log 4  log5

5 5
A) B)  C) 2 5 D) 2 5
2 2
1
107. What is log A  2log B3  3log 2 expressed as a single logarithm?
2
A) log 8  A
B5
B) log 8   A
B6
C) log  
9 A
B5
D) log   9 A
B6
y

108. Which graph represents the inverse of the function shown? x

y
y
y y

A) B) C) D)
x
x x x

109. Solve for x: 6 x 2  3 .

log 6 log 6 log 3 log 3

A) 2 B) 2 C) 2 D) 2
log 3 log 3 log 6 log 6
110. Solve for x: log x 4  log x 2  log x 8  2
1 1 1
A) B) C) D) 4
2 4 8
1
111. Simplify: 4 log 7  
7
A) -28 B) -4 C) 4 D) 28

112. 1
Solve: log x 32     53
1
A) 8 B) C) 6 D) 8
8
3 2
113. What is the mapping rule for y  log5 ( x  6)  2 ?
4 3
 x, y     
 x, y     
2 3 3 3
A) x  6, y  2  B) x  9, y  2 
 3 4   2 4 
 3 4   3 3 
B)  x, y     x  9, y  2  D)  x, y     x  9, y  2 
 2 3   2 4 

114. What is the vertical asymptote for y  4log7 (2 x  3)  5 ?

3
A) x  3 B) x   C) y  5 D) x  0
2
115. For which situation would you use the Fundamental Counting Principle?

A) The number of ways to choose the 4 numbers in a 4-digit code using the digits 0-9.
B) The number of ways to roll a sum of 5 when rolling a pair of standard dice.
C) The number of ways to choose a spade or a diamond from a standard deck of
cards.
D) The number of ways to choose a book to read from a list of 25 books.

116. In a college course, you must read 5 different books from a list of 12 books provided. How
many different 5- book selections can be made?
12! 12! 12!
A)  95040 B)  792 C)  3991680 D) 5!  120
7! 7!5! 5!

117. If 5 books must be read from a list of 12 books provided, how many ways can this be done
if the order in which you read the books is significant?
12! 12! 12!
A)  12 1110  9  8  95040 B)  792 C)  3991680 D) 5!  120
7! 7!5! 5!

118. In how many different ways can a teacher choose 5 boys and 3 girls from a class of 10 boys
16 girls?

10! 16! 10! 16!

A)   141 120 B) 5!  3! C) 5! 3! D) 
5!5! 13!3! 5! 3!
119. How many different ways a person can choose an 8- digit code if the numbers 0-9 can be used and the
first and last number must be an even #? (repetition is allowed)

even even

A) 5 10 10 10 10 10 10  5  25 000 000 B) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10  100000000

C) 10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  1 814 400 D) 5  8  7  6  5  4  3 4  403 200

120. How many license plates in the pattern letter-letter-letter-number-number-number can you
make using the letters ABCDEFG and the numbers 0-9?

17!
A) 151200 B) 343000 C) 7!  10! D)  8910720
17  6!
121. How many different lunches can you get from the lunch special if you must choose
one of 2 appetizers, one of 4 main courses and one of 3 possible desserts? (Be able to
represent this solution using a tree diagram or organized list)

A) 2  4  3  9 B) 9  8  7  504 C) 2  4  3  24 D) only 1
122. How many outcomes are possible if we flip a coin and roll a die?

A) 2 B) 6 C) 8 D) 12

123. How many outcomes are possible if you flip a coin or roll a die?

A) 2 B) 6 C) 8 D) 12

14!
124. Simplify:
12!
7 1
A) B) 182 C) 2! D)
6 156
 n  4 !
125. Simplify:
 n  2 !
1
A)  n  4 ! B)  n  4 n  3 C) D)  n  1
 n  2 n  3
126. Simplify:  n  2 n  1 n!
A) n ! B)  n  1! C)  n  2 ! D)  n  2
 n  2 !
127 Simplify:
 n  1!
1 1
A) B) C)  n  2 D)  n  2 !
 n  2  n  1
128. How many arrangements of the letters of the word BASKET exist if the letters A and E must
stay together?
A) 5 B) 5!  120 C) 5!  2!  240 D) 6

129. How many arrangements of the 5 red tiles, 3 blue tiles and 2 yellow tiles are possible
if they are all laid side by side in line?
10!
A) 5  3  2  30 B) 10!  3628800 C)  2520 D) 5!  3!  2!  1440
5!3!2!

130. Which of the following is the correct calculation for P ?

12 7

12! 12! 12! 12!

A) B) C) D)
7! 5! 19! 5!7!

131. In how many ways can you arrange the letters of the word ACTION if the vowels must
be kept together?
A) 9 B) 24 C) 144 D) 720

132. A committee must be formed so that there are 4 level III students and two level II students are
on the committee. If there are 12 level III students and 9 level II students who are interested
in serving on the committee, which of the following calculations will give the number of
possible committees?
A) 12 C4 9 C2 B) 12 C4 9 C2 C) 21 C6 D) 4+2 =6

133. What is the value of n Pn ?

A) 0 B) 1 C) n ! D) n

134. How many ways can the letters of the word BANANAS be arranged if the first 2 letters
must be AA and the third letter must not be an A?

5! 4! 4! 5!
A)   48 B)  12 C)  30 D) 5!  120
2! 2! 2! 2!

135. There are 12 movies playing at the theatre. Four are comedy, five are drama, two are
horror and one is a family movie. How many ways can you see 5 movies if the order is not
important but you must include the family movie, two comedies and two drama movies?

A) 1 C1 4 C2 5 C2  17 B) 1 C1 4 C2 5 C2  60 C) P  P2 5 P2  240
1 1 4 D) 4!  5!  2880
136. Evaluate: 10 C3
A) 604 800 B) 5040 C) 720 D) 120

8
137. Evaluate:  
5
A) 336 B) 6720 C) 120 D) 56

138. The mall is 3 blocks east and 2 blocks south from Mandy’s house. How many routes
can Mandy take from her home to the mall? Home

Mall
5!
A) 5!  120 B)  10 C) 3!2!  12 D) 5
3!2!
139. If the ninth row of Pascal’s Triangle is given as 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1, what is the coefficient of
the x5y3 term in the expansion of  x  y  ?
8

A) 1 B) 8 C) 28 D) 56

What is the 4th term in the expansion of  2a  3 ?

7
140.
A) 648a3 B) 1134a3 C) 3024a 4 D) 15120a4

Part II Questions

1. Given the graph y  f ( x) shown,

 1
A) sketch the graph of i) y  3 f    x  5   1 ii) y  f 1 ( x)
 2 
B) state any invariant points
y

30

25

20

15

10

- 24 -2 - 20 - 18 - 16 - 14 - 12 - 10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x

-5

- 10

- 15

2. Determine the equation for the image of y  f ( x) .

y

10
y = f( x )
8

- 12 - 10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2

-4

-6

-8

- 10

- 12
 1
Algebraically determine the equation for f 1 ( x) if f ( x)   x  2   1 with an appropriate
2
3.
5
restriction on the domain. (State the restriction on the domain used.)

4. Sketch the graphs of each of the following functions on the grids provided.
State the domain and the range for each radical function and any invariant points
y  2 x  3 y  2x2  8
A) B)
y  2 x  3 y  2 x2  8
y
y

10 8

8 6

6 4

4 2
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
x -2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
-2 -4
-4
-6
-6
-8
-8
- 10

Domain:______________________ Domain:________________________

Range:_______________________ Range:_________________________

Invariant points:_____________________ Invariant points:_____________________

1
y  x2  4
y  x 1 2
3
C) D)
y   x2  1 1
y  x2  4
y
3 y

10 10

8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

-4 -2 2 4 x
-4 -2 2 4 x
-2
-2
-4
-4
-6
-6
-8
-8
- 10
- 10

Domain:_____________________ Domain:______________________

Range:______________________ Range:_______________________

Invariant points:___________________ Invariant points:___________________

5. Algebraically determine the domain of

1 1 3
f ( x)  2 x2  5x  12 B) f ( x)   x  x 
2
A)
4 4 2

6. A) Algebraically solve 3x  13  2 x  3 . State the restrictions on x for the equation.

B) Algebraically solve x2  5  1  2 x . State the restrictions on x for the equation

7. A) 
A polynomial equation, P  x  , has a quotient of 2 x 2  x  1 and a remainder of -1 when divided 
by  x  3 . What is the equation to represent P  x  ?

A polynomial has equation, P( x )  x  bx  c . Determine an expression to represent the

3
B)
remainder when P ( x ) is divided by x  a .
8. Determine the equation of the polynomial function (in factored form) based on the
y
graph given below.
8

-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2

-4

-6

-8

- 10

Algebraically determine the intercepts of P  x   2 x  3x  23x  12 and sketch its graph,

3 2
9.
labeling all intercepts.

Given that  2 x  5 is a factor of P  x   2 x  3x  9 x  10 , algebraically determine the

3 2
10.
roots of P  x   2 x  3x  9 x  10 .
3 2

11. A tank with a volume of 12 ft3 has dimensions, x,  x  1 and  x  4  . If x represents the
height of the tank, and you need a tank which is at least 3ft high, write a polynomial equation
to model this situation and then algebraically solve it to determine the dimensions of
this tank. Use your answer to determine whether this tank will be suitable for your needs.

12. A block of ice is used to make a sculpture. The block has dimensions 3ft by 4ft by 5ft and the size of
the block is reduced to 24ft3 by shaving the same amount of ice off the length, width and height of the
block. Write a polynomial equation to model this situation and then solve it algebraically to determine
how much ice was shaved off each dimension.

13. Simplify. Express your answers in exact radical form.

sin135  cos 30

a) b) tan 2 300  csc150 c) cos330 sec 210  sin  300 sec2 225
sin(240)

14. Solve each of the following trigonometric equations for 0    2 .

(a) 2 cos2  = cos  (b) cos2  - cos  = sin2 

(c) sin2  - 5 sin  - 6 = 0 (d) 2 cos2  + cos  - 1 = 0 (e) cot  = 2 cos 

(f) cos  tan  = cos  (g) 4cos  3x  20  1

15. Given each of the following points lie at the intersection of a circle and the
terminal arm of an angle in standard position,
i) sketch the diagram
ii) determine the values of the six trigonometric ratios
iii) determine the angle of rotation from standard position

 7 24 
a) P   ,  b) P  2, 3
 25 25 
4  3
16. a) Given sin   ,   , determine the value of cot  .
5 2 2
b) Given sec  1.3,     2 , determine the value of sin 

1
17. a) What is the local maximum of y   sin  x  3  8 ?
4
b) What is the local minimum of y   56 cos  x     2 ?

c) What is the equation of the sinusoidal axis of a graph having a local minimum of –4 and
local maximum of 12?
d) What is the horizontal stretch of y  cos x in the image graph of 5 y  15  cos(2 x  8) ?

e) What is the phase shift of 3  y  7   sin( 12 x  4 ) ?

18. Sketch each graph .

a) 13  y  1  sin 2 x  90o   b) y  2cos  3x  120  4

y
y

x
x

19. Sketch each of the following: (state the domain and range)

a)  12  y  3  sin 3 x  4
y
  b) y  4cos 2 x  1
y

x
x

20. Sketch each of the following: (state the domain and range)

 
a) y  3sin  x  2 b) y   cos 2  x  30   4
y
3
y

x x

1
21. A sinusoidal function is given in the form  y  d   cosb  x  c  . What is the effect of each
a
transformation on the original function, y  cos x ?

a) a = 4, d> 0, b = 1, c < 0º b) a < 0, d< 0, 0 < b < 1, c= 30º

22. Determine the equation of the sinusoidal curve. The base graph is y  sin x .
y

x
- -2  -  2 
3 3 3 3
-5

- 10

23. Write a function for the graph as a transformation of y = cos x.

y
2
1
x
-30 -1 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
-2
-3
-4
  
24. Given the function, y  2sin 2 x  90o  1 , determine the following
period=___________ amplitude=___________ phase shift=___________

sinusoidal (midline) axis:___________ mapping rule:_____________________

cos  3x  30o   3 , determine each of the following.

1
25. For the function y 
4
period=___________ amplitude=___________ phase shift=___________

sinusoidal (midline) axis:___________ mapping rule:_____________________

26. (a) Write the equation of the sinusoidal function shown as a transformation of
y  sin x and
y
y  cos x .
6
Period _______ Amplitude _______
5

4 Sinusoidal Axis _______

3

1
Equations:
-2  x
-4  -2  2 4 2 8
3 3 -1 3 3 3
_______________________________
-2

-3

 
(b) The path of a seal is given by the function h(t )  4cos  t   2 , where h(t ) represents the
3 
depth of the seal in the ocean and t represents time, in seconds. Algebraically determine the
first two times the seal would surface?

27. What is the exact value of each of the following:

a) sin 512 b) tan105 c) cos 23

12 d) sin 15

28. If csc 5, sin 1 and 3 , determine the exact value of each:

4 2 2 2

a) sin b) cos c) tan 2 d) sin 2

29. Solve each equation for the specified domain.

a) cos 2 x cos x, x 0 ,360 b) 4sin x cos x 3, x 0, 2

c) cos 2 x cos x 2, x , d) 2sin 2 x 3cos x, x 270 ,180
e) sec2 x 2 tan x 4, x 2 , f) cos x cos 60 sin x sin 60 1, x 90 ,90
2

30. Solve each equation for ALL values of .

a) cos 2 4cos 3 (radians) b) sin cos 1 (degrees)

c) sin 2 cos 2 1 (degrees) d) csc2 2cot 0 (radians)

31. Verify each is true for all non-permissible values of x .

sec x
a) sin x 1 tan x sec x cos x b) sin x
cot x tan x

sin x 1 cos x cot x tan x

c) 2csc x d) cos 2 x
1 cos x sin x csc x sec x

sin x tan x sec x csc x

e) tan x f) sin x cos x
1 cos x csc x sec x
 1 tan x 2 sec x csc x
g) sec x h) sin 2 x 1
sin x cos x sec x csc x

2 1 cos x cos 2 x sin x

i) csc x cot x j) cot x sec x
1 cos x sin x cos x

32. Solve:

81x 1 8x 2
a) 27 x 
9
 
b) 3 4 x3  7  103 c)
4x 3
16 x 3
d) 4
625x  2 x
25
5

2
e) 2x 2
2x 48 f) 6x 1
6x 2
7 g) 5x 6x
6252 x
h) 22 x 17 2 x 16 0

16x  2
 32x
2
i) j) 9sin x  3sin x for 0  x  2
82 x 1

33. Write an exponential function and use it to answer the question posed.

a) The half life of radiun-226 is 1600 years. If its initial mass was 260 mg. What mass would
remain in 9500 years? Round to the nearest tenth.

b) The half life of vanadium-49 is about 330 days. How long would a sample weighing 448 mg
take to decay to 7 mg?

c) You have inherited land that was purchased for $30,000 in 1960. The value of the land
increased by approximately 7% every 2 years. What is the approximate value of the land in
the year 2015?

d) An adult takes 400 mg of ibuprofen. Each 3 hours, the amount of ibuprofen in the person’s
system decreases by about 45%. How much ibuprofen is left after 6 hours?

e) Suppose there are 25 coyotes in one area of NL right now. If this population is known to
triple every 4 years, how long will it take for the population to reach 2025 animals?

f) If $4000 is invested in an account paying 3% interest compounded monthly, what is the balance
after 7 years?

g) What principal will amount to $2000 if invested at 4% interest compounded semi-annually

for 5 years?

34. Sketch each exponential function:

x 2 x 1 2x 6
a) y 3 1 b) y 3 12 4 c) y 4 1

35. Solve for x :

A) log4  5x  1  log4  x  2   log4  x  3 B) log  3x  1  log  x  2   1

C) log7 4  log7  x  3  2log 7 x D) 2log 2  x  1  log 2 11  x   1

E) log x 4  log x  x  3  12 log3 81

x2
F) 3  18 5
2x
 
  x
x

 
1
G) 7  2   5 2 H) 7x 1  2 32 x
3

 

2n
 1
I) Simplify: logx  
x
36. The amount of road salt in a storage shed decreases by 25% every 3 weeks. Write
3
an equation that models this situation and use it to determine when of the
5
original pile remains.

37. Write an exponential function and use it to solve each problem.

(a) The half-life of a radioactive substance is 600 years. A sample of the substance measures 220
grams. How long will it take the sample to decay to 15 grams?

(b) A piece of art was purchased for $2000 in 1996 and has been increasing in value by about 5%
annually. In what year will the art be worth $5000?

38. A laboratory experiment is conducted to determine the effect of substance X on the growth rates of
selected strains of yeast and bacteria. It was discovered that when yeast are exposed to substance X,
the number of yeast cells decreases by about 4% every 8 hours. However, substance X affects bacteria
differently. The number of bacterial cells increases by about 6% every 5 hours. If there are initially 4000
yeast and 2000 bacteria, algebraically determine how many hours must pass before the yeast and
bacterial populations are equal in number.
I
39. The sound intensity  , in decibels, is defined as   10 log , where I is the intensity of the sound in
Io
watts/m2 and I o , the threshold of hearing is 10  12 W/m2. In some cities, police can issue a fine to the
operator of a motorcycle when the sound while idling is 20 times as intense as an automobile. If the
decibel level of an automobile is 80 dB, at what decibel level can police issue a fine to a motorcycle
operator?

40. The pH of a solution is defined as pH   log  H   where  H   is the hydrogen ion concentration, in
moles per litre (mol/L). How many times as acidic is a solution with a pH of 2.6 as a solution with a pH of
3.1?
y

41. a. Sketch the graph of the function y   log 4 2  x  2   1 6

-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2

-4

-6
b. Identify the following characteristics of the graph of the function. -8

- 10

characteristic y   log 4 2  x  2   1

i) Domain

ii) Range

iii) x-intercept, if it exists

iv) y-intercept, if it exists

v) Equation of the
asymptote

42. How many ways can you arrange 5 different model cars in a row on a shelf ?

43. A code consists of 4 upper case letters (from A-Z) and 3 digits chosen from 0 to 9, with no repetition of
letters or numbers.

A) How many possible codes are there?

B) If the letters X, Y and Z cannot be used and the first letter must be A, how many codes are
possible?
44. A used car has just received a shipment of 7 different cars. They want to place them side by side along the
front of the parking lot. There are 2 red cars, 3 blue cars and 1 black car and 1 green car.

A) How many ways can the cars be arranged?

B) How many ways can the cars be arranged if the two red cars must stay next to each
other and the three blue cars must be next to each other?

C) How many ways can you arrange the cars so that the 3 blue cars and 2 red cars are
not next to each other?

45. 25 people have qualified for a contest

A) From these 25 people, 3 people will be randomly chosen to each win a prize of $1000.
How many combinations of winners are possible? (name can only be chosen once)

B) How many combinations of 3 winners are possible if there is a first prize of $2000, 2nd prize
of $750 and third prize of $250.

46. A box of lego blocks contains 4 identical red blocks, 5 identical yellow blocks and 3 identical blue
blocks.

A) In how many ways can you construct a tower? (using all blocks)

B) In how many ways can you construct a tower so that the 4 red blocks are on top?

47. There are 6 tickets available for an upcoming concert. 12 men and 8 women
have qualified to win the tickets on a local radio show.

A) In how many ways can the 6 lucky winners be selected from those who have qualified?

B) In how many ways can the 6 tickets be awarded if at least one of the winners must
be female?

C) In how many ways can the 6 tickets be awarded if at least 3 of the winners must be men?

D) In how many ways can 6 tickets be awarded if at most 2 of the winners can be female?

48. Bayside High school is seeking volunteers to help decorate for the winter dance. In all,
4 freshmen, 5 sophomores, 6 juniors, and 8 seniors were available to fill 12 open spots.
How many committees of 12 volunteers are possible if at least one senior should be selected?

49. Solve each of the following :

 n  1!  72
A) B) P  42
 n  1! n 1 2

 n  1
C) n2 C2  28 D)    14
 1 

E) n C2 n1 P2 F) 12  n C3  n1 P3 G) P  5!
5 r

H) n 2 Pn  7  n  1!

50. Denise has a set of posters to arrange on her bedroom wall. She can only fit two posters side
by side. If there are 72 ways to choose and arrange two posters, how many posters does she
have in total?

6
 2
51. Expand  x 2   using the Binomial Theorem.
 x
8
 b
52. What is the 6 term of the Binomial Theorem expansion of  2a 2   ?
th

 4
Answers:
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B
8. C 9. C 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. B
15. C 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. B 21. B
22. A 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. A
29. C 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. B
36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. D 41. D 42. A
43. D 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. B 49. D
50. B 51. A 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. C 56. D
57. B 58. A 59. A 60. C 61. D 62. B 63. C
64. B 65. C 66. D 67. C 68. C 69. A 70. A
71. D 72. A 73. D 74. D 75. D 76. A 77. C
78. D 79. A 80. D 81. D 82. C 83. A 84. A
85. D 86. C 87. D 88. B 89. A 90. C 91. B
92. A 93. A 94. B 95. C 96. D 97. C 98. B
99. A 100. B 101. B 102. A 103. B 104. B 105. D
106. C 107. B 108.C 109. C 110. A 111. B 112. D
113. D 114. B 115. A 116. B 117. A 118. A 119. A
120. B 121. C 122. D 123. C 124. B 125. C 126. C
127. C 128. C 129. C 130. B 131. C 132. B 133. C
134. A 135. B 136. D 137. D 138. B 139. D 140. D

Part II
1. A) i) Using key points (-8,-5), (-4,5) , (5,0), & (9,9) on original graph yields new graph with
key points (11,-16), (3,14), (-15,-1) and (-23, 26).

ii) new graph has key points (-5,-8), (5,-4) (0,5) (9,9) B) i) no invariant points ii) (2,2) and (9,9)
1
2. y   f   x  1   3
2 
1
3. f ( x)   x  2   1, x  2 has f 1 ( x)  2  5  x  1 (domain of f 1 ( x) is x  1, range: y  2 )
2

5
1
while f ( x)   x  2   1, x  2 has f 1 ( x)  2  5  x  1 (domain of f 1 ( x) is x  1, range: y  2 )
2

5 2
y = 2x – 8
. y

8
height (m) 2
6 y = 2x – 8
4. A) 4
B) 4
2
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2

-4 -2 2 time (s) -4

-2 -6
-8
-4 - 10

 
3
Domain:  x x  , x  R  Domain: x x  2 or x  2, x  R
 2 
Range:  y y  0, y  R Range: y y  0, y  R  
3   3 2 
Invariant points:  ,0  and 1,1 Invariant points:  2,0 and   ,1
2   2 
y
2
y
y = f( x ) 10 y = f( x )
C) -2 2 x D) 8

6
-2
4
y = f( x )
-4 2
y = f( x )
-4 -2 2 4 x
-2


Domain: x 1  x  1, x  R  Domain: x x  R 

Range: y 0  y  1, y  R  Range:  y y  2, y  R
Invariant points:  1,0 and  0,1 Invariant points: none

   
or x  4, x  R  R:  y y  0, y  R B) D: x 3  x  2, x  R R:
3 5
5. A) D:  x x    y 0  y  , y  R
2   4 
13
x B) x = 2 (no restrictions on x since x  5
2
6. A) x= 4, restrictions : is always positive)
3
 4
8. P  x     x  1  x  3 x  5
2
7. A) P  x   2 x3  5x 2  2 x  2 B) a3  ba  c
15
9. x-intercepts: x= -0.5, 3, -4, y-intercept = -12 y

-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-12

5
10. x   ,  1, 2
2

11. need to solve x  x  1 x  4   12 which gives x  2 as the only possible solution  tank is not
suitable since it is less than 3ft high.
12. need to solve  3  x  5  x  4  x   24 which gives x  1 the only real solution.
6 3
13. a) b) 5 c) 1  3
3
3 5
14. a) 2, 2 ,3, 3 b) 2
3 , 43 , 0 c) 3
2 d) 3 , 53 , e) 2 , 32 , 6 , 56

f) 4 , 54 , 2 , 32 g) 0.83, 2.03, 2.92, 4.12, 5.01, 6.21

y
7 24 24 25 25 7
cos    , sin   , tan    , sec =  , csc   , cot = 
15. a) 25 25 7 7 24 24
x   106.3 or 1.86 rad
o

2 13 3 13 3 13 13 2
x cos    , sin    , tan   , sec =  , csc    , cot =
b) 13 13 2 2 3 3
  236.3 or 4.12 o

3 69
16. a)  b)   0.6390
4 13
1 16 1 
17. a) -7.75 b) c) y = 4 d) e) (units right)
2 2
1 
 x, y    
1
18. a)  x, y    x  90, 3 y  1 , b) x  40, 2 y  4  ,
2  3 
x y x Y
90 -1 -40 -6
135 2 -10 -4
180 -1 20 -2
225 -4 50 -4
270 -1 80 -6
19. a) D : x x   R :  y 5  y  1, y   b) D : x x   R :  y 3  y  5, y  
y
y
6
4
   2 5  x 2
-2 6 3 2 3 6
  3  x
-2 4 2 4
-4
-4

-6

20. a) D : x x   R :  y 1  y  5, y   b) D : x x   R :  y 5  y  3, y  
y y
6

-30 30 60 90 120 150 x

4
-2
2
-4
x
-  2  4 5
-6
3 -2 3 3 3 3

21. a) VS 4, moves up d units, moves c o left

360
b) reflection in x-axis, moves d units down, Period = ; if b is between 0 and 1 it should make
b
sense that the period is larger, moves 30º to the right
 2 
22. a= 6, period:  b = 3, c = , d = - 4, , e.g. y  6 sin 3  x     4
3 6  6
23. a = 2, period =180  b = 2, c = -15º, d = -1, e.g. y  2 cos 2  x  15  1
o

24. phase shift= 90o period = 180o , sin axis: y = 1, amplitude: 2

 x, y    
1
mapping rule: x  90o , 2 y  1 )
2 
1
25. phase shift = 10o , period = 120o , sin axis: y = -3, amplitude:
4
max : -2.75 min = -3.25 , no reflection

 x, y    
1 1
Mapping rule: x  10o , y  3 
3 4 
1  1 4 
26. a) some possible equations: y  3sin  x    1 , y  3cos  x   1
2 3 2 3 
b) t  1 seconds and 5 seconds

27. a) 6 4 2 b) 2 3 c) 2
4
6
d) 2 4 6

28. a) 4 10
3 3
b) 3 10
3 4 24 3 b) x 7 , 43
6,3, 6
c) 7 d) 2 29. a) x 0 , 120 , 240
e) x 5 , 3
c) x 0 d) x 60 ,60 4 4, 4 , 5.03, 1.89,1.25 f) x 60
45 180 n, n I
30. a) 2 n, n I b) 90 n, n I c) d) 4 n, n I
90 180 n, n I

31. a) LHS sin x 1 tan x sec x b) 1

sec x cos x
sin x tan x sin x sec x tan x sec x LHS
cot x tan x cos x sin x
sin x 1 sin x 1 sin x cos x
sin x sin x
cos x cos x cos x cos x 1 1
2
sin x sin x sin x 1 cos x cos x
cos 2 x sin 2 x 1
cos x cos x cos x cos x
sin x cos x sin x cos x
sin 2 x 1 cos 2 x
cos x RHS 1 sin x cos x
cos x cos x sin x RHS
cos x 1

c) d)
sin x 1 cos x cos x sin x
LHS
1 cos x sin x cot x tan x sin x cos x
LHS
sin x sin x 1 cos x 1 cos x csc x sec x 1 1
1 cos x sin x sin x 1 cos x sin x cos x
2 2
cos 2 x sin 2 x
sin x 1 2 cos x cos x 22 cos x cos 2 x sin x cos x
sin x cos x
1 cos x sin x 1 cos x sin x 1 sin x cos x 1
2 1 cos x 2 sin x cos x
2 csc x RHS cos 2 x RHS
1 cos x sin x sin x

e) sin x f) sec x csc x sec x csc x

sin x LHS
sin x tan x cos x
LHS csc x sec x csc x sec x csc x sec x
1 cos x 1 cos x
sin x cos x sin x 1 1
sin x cos x RHS
cos x sin x cos x sin x 1 csc x sec x
1 cos x cos x 1 cos x
sin x cos x 1 1 sin x
tan x RHS
cos x 1 cos x cos x

g) sin x h) 2 sec x csc x 2 sec x csc x

1 LHS
1 tan x cos x sec x csc x sec x csc x sec x csc x
LHS
sin x cos x sin x cos x 2cos x sin x 1 sin 2 x 1 RHS
cos x sin x
cos x cos x sin x 1
sin x cos x cos x sin x cos x
1
sec x RHS
cos x
i)
2
LHS csc x cot x csc x cot x csc x cot x
csc 2 x 2 csc x cot x cot 2 x
1 2 cos x cos 2 x 1 2 cos x cos 2 x 1 cos x 1 cos x
sin 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x
j)
cos x 1 cos2 x sin x
LHS cot x sec x RHS
sin x cos x sin x cos x

32. a) x  12
5 b) x  11
2 c) x  4 d) x   16 e) x  4 f) x  1 g) x  2& 4

5  5
h) x  4 and x  0 i) x  j) x  0, , ,
7 6 6
   
x x
; 1980 days c) y  30000 1.07  2 ; $192830.24
x
33. a) y  260 12 1600
; 4.2 mg b) y  448 12 330

d) y  400  0.55 3 ; 121 mg e) y  25  3 4 ; 16 years

x x

f) y  4000 1.0025
12t
OR y  4000(1.0025)n ; $4933.42
g) y  P 1.02 
2t
OR y  P(1.02)n ; about $1640.70 y y
y
5 5
5
4 4
4
3
3

34. a) 3

2 b) 2

1
c) 2

1
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x -1
-1
-1 -2
-2
-2 -3
-3
-3 -4
-4
-4 -5
-5
-5

35. A) 7 B) 3 C) 6 D) 3 E) 6 F) log 3 2  0.3269 G) approx.. 0.5865 H) log 9 72  4.98

25 7
I) 2n
x
 1  600
x
36. A  A0 (0.75)  5.3wks 3
37. a) y  200   approx 2325 years
2
b) y  2000 1.05  , x is approx 18.8 or 19 years so in 2015 (1996 +19)
x
38. Approx 41.4 hours
I I
39. first solve: 80  10log  8  log
1012 1012
I
Changing to log form: 108   I  108 1012  104 (intensity of sound of car)
1012
20 104 
So, when I  20 10  4
,   10log
1012
 93 dB

102.6
40. solution 1:  H    102.6 solution 2:  H    103.1 So, 3.1
 102.6( 3.1)  100.5  3.2 times as acidic
10
 x, y    
1
x  2,  y  1
y
41.
2  8
6

y  log 4 x y   log 4 2  x  2   1 4
2
 3 
(1,0)   , 1 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
 2  -2

 0, 2 
-4
(4,1) -6

(16,2)  6, 3 -8
-10

Characteristic y   log 4 2  x  2   1
Domain x  2
Range yR
15
x-intercept x
8

y-intercept y  2

Equation of the asymptote x  2

42. 5!  120 43. A) 26 4 10 P  P3  258 336 000 B) 22 P3 10 P3  6 652 800

44. A) 7!  5040
B) think of the two red cars as one and the three blue cars as one so you need to arrange
4 things ( 4 P4  4!  24 ) but then you must consider that there are 3 P3  3!  6 ways of arranging
the 3 blue cars and 2 P2  2!  2 ways of arranging the red cars, so the final answer is
P 3 P3 2 P2  24  6  2  288 (note: cars of the same color are not identical)
4 4
C) This would be the answer in A) – answer in B) : 5040-288 = 4752
45. A) 25 C3  2300 B) 25 P3  13800
12! 8!
46. A)  27720 B)  56
5!4!3! 5!3!
47. A) 20 C6  38760
B) no females would be 12 C6  924 , so using answer from A) , we find
# of ways to choose 6 winners with at least 1 female winner = 38 760-924 = 37 836
C) 3 male winners = 12 C3 8 C3  220  56  12320
4 male winners = 12 C4 8 C2  495  28  13860
5 male winners = 12 C5 8 C1  792  8  6336
6 male winners = 12 C6 8 C0  924
So, the total number of ways to award the tickets so that at least 3 males
are winners = 12320+13860+6336+924=33 440
D) 0 female winners = 8 C0 12 C6  924
1 female winner = 8 C1 12 C5  8  792  6336
2 female winners = 8 C2 12 C4  28  495  13860
So, total number of ways = 924+6336 +13860 = 21 120

48. (Total# of ways to select committee of12 - # of ways with no senior on committee)
C 15 C12  1 352 078  455  1 351 623
23 12
49. A) n = 8 , (reject n= - 9) B) n = 8 , (reject n= - 5) C) n =6 , (reject n= - 9) D) n= 13
E) n=4 , n=1(reject) F) n=5, n=0(reject), n=1(reject) G)r= 5 H) n = 12
50. There are 9 posters to choose from (reject n = – 8). (need to solve n P2  72 )
192 64 7 6 5
51. x12  12 x9  60 x6  160 x3  240   52.  ab
x3 x 6 16