Serial Communication with Arduino

Serial Communication with the Arduino

Serial, UART, TTL, FTDI, USB
Bluetooth
Ethernet
Wi-Fi
Interfacing with One-Wire (Dallas Semiconductor Bus) Devices
Interfacing with I2C (Two-Wire) Devices

Discussion of Serial Communication

Serial Ports and Comm Ports
DB9, DB25, RS-232, UART, TTL, FTID, USB

Serial Ports
Older Technology Serial Connections DB-9 and DB-25
RS-232 Communication Protocol
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232

In telecommunications, RS-232 is a standard for serial communication transmission of data. It formally defines
the signals connecting between a DTE (data terminal equipment) such as a computer terminal, and a DCE (data
circuit-terminating equipment, originally defined as data communication equipment), such as a modem. The
RS-232 standard is commonly used in computer serial ports. The standard defines the electrical characteristics
and timing of signals, the meaning of signals, and the physical size and pinout of connectors. The current
version of the standard is TIA-232-F Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-
Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange, issued in 1997.

UART
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_asynchronous_receiver/transmitter
A universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter is a computer hardware device that translates data between
parallel and serial forms. UARTs are commonly used in conjunction with communication standards such as RS-
232. The universal designation indicates that the data format and transmission speeds are configurable. The
electric signaling levels and methods (such as differential signaling etc.) are handled by a driver circuit external
to the UART. A UART is usually an individual (or part of an) integrated circuit (IC) used for serial
communications over a computer or peripheral device serial port. Many modern ICs now come with a UART
that can also communicate synchronously; these devices are called USARTs (universal
synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitter).

TTL
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor%E2%80%93transistor_logic
Transistor-Transistor-Logic (TTL) is a class of digital circuits built from bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and
resistors. After their introduction in integrated circuit form in 1963, TTL integrated circuits were manufactured
by several semiconductor companies, with the 7400 series (also called 74xx) by Texas Instruments becoming
particularly popular. TTL manufacturers offered a wide range of logic gate, flip-flops, counters, and other
circuits (Generally, +5 VDC, however, there are also CMOS devices with voltages up to + 18 VDC.)
TTL devices were originally made in ceramic and plastic dual-in-line (DIP) packages, and flat-pack form.

FTDI - Future Technology Devices International

Converts RS-232 or TTL serial transmissions to USB signals.
Note: Arduino UNO incorporates an FTDI that allows seamless communication between the board and USB.

USB
Universal Serial Bus is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and
communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply between computers
and electronic devices.
Bluetooth
Short range wireless interconnection for cell phones computers, electronics devices originally conceived as a
wireless replacement for RS-232 cables. Developed by Eriksson, a Swedish company and named after a Danish
King, Harold Bluetooth. Classis Bluetooth - Always on, continuously streams data.

Maximum Permitted Power Typical Range

Class
(mW) (dBm) (m)
1 100 20 100
2 2.5 4 10
3 1 0 1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

Extremely low energy (range 100 meters), intermittently streams data (2MB bps).
Coin Size Battery CR-2032 estimates of 5-10 years from remote sensors (100 Kbps).
Current version Bluetooth 4.2

Pairing Process
Not all Bluetooth devices are designed to pair
One or more profiles
iPhone has seven different profiles but lacks Serial Port Profile (SPP)
SPP defines how to setup virtual serial ports and connect two Bluetooth enabled devices
Passkey required to complete the pairing.
Uses simple numbering system; examples: 0000, 1234, etc.

Arduino compatible Bluetooth HC-05/06 Master / Client

4 wire - Power, GND, RX, TX

Ethernet
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/Ethernet

With the Arduino Ethernet Shield, this library allows an Arduino board to connect to the internet. It can serve as
either a server accepting incoming connections or a client making outgoing ones. The library supports up to four
concurrent connection (incoming or outgoing or a combination). Arduino communicates with the shield using
the SPI bus. This is on digital pins 11, 12, and 13 on the Uno and pins 50, 51, and 52 on the Mega. On both
boards, pin 10 is used as SS. On the Mega, the hardware SS pin, 53, is not used to select the W5100, but it must
be kept as an output or the SPI interface won't work.

Wi-Fi
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoWiFiShield101

Arduino Wi-Fi Shield 101 is a powerful IoT shield with crypto-authentication, developed with ATMEL, that
wirelessly connects Arduino to the Internet using the IEEE 802.11 wireless specifications. It is based on the
Atmel SmartConnect-WINC1500 module, compliant with the IEEE 802.11 b/g/n standard. The WINC1500
module provides a network controller capable of both TCP and UDP protocols. The Wi-Fi Shield 101 also
features an hardware encryption/decryption security protocol provided by the ATECC508A
CryptoAuthentication chip that is an ultra secure method to provide key agreement for encryption/decryption.
Ardu uino Serial Communiccation Shield ds
Inteerfacing with
h One-Wire (Dallas Sem
miconductor Bus) Devicees
Inteerfacing with
h I2C (Two--Wire) Devicces
Inteerfacing with
h SPI Devicees

Wire Bus
1-W
httpss://en.wikipeedia.org/wiki/1-Wire
Deviice commun nications bus system desiigned by Dallas Semiconnductor that provides low w-speed dataa, signaling,
and ppower over a single sign nal. A 1-Wire is similar in
i concept too I²C, but wiith lower datta rates and llonger
rangge. It is typically used to communicatte with smalll inexpensivve devices suuch as digitaal thermometters and
weatther instrumeents.

I2C - Two Wire

Pronnounced "Ey ye-Two-Sea" or "I Squareed C"
httpss://en.wikipeedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B22C

SPI - Serial Perripheral Busss

httpss://en.wikipeedia.org/wiki/Serial_Periipheral_Interrface_Bus

Add
ditional Reso
ources

http://www.instrructables.com
m/id/Andruin
no-A-Simplee-2-Way-Bluuetooth-baseed-Android--C/

httpss://www.ardu
uino.cc/en/T
Tutorial/HellloWorld

http://playground
d.arduino.ccc/Code/LCD

httpss://learn.adaffruit.com/ad
dafruit-arduin
no-lesson-11
1-lcd-displayys-1/overview
w

http://www.instrructables.com
m/id/Conneccting-an-LCD
D-to-the-Ardduino/

httpss://arduino-in
nfo.wikispacces.com/LCD
D-Blue-I2C

http://www.geeeetech.com/wiki/index.php/Serial_I2C
C_1602_16%
%C3%972_C
Character_LC
CD_Modulee
 10/29/2015

Serial Communications
Serial Communication with Arduino Serial, UART, TTL, FTDI, USB
Bluetooth
Ethernet
Wi‐Fi
Interfacing
One‐Wire (Dallas Semiconductor Bus) Devices
I2C (Two‐Wire) Devices
SPI Devices

Serial Ports
Older Technology Serial Connections
DB‐9 and DB‐25

DB 25

1
 10/29/2015

RS‐232 Communication Protocol 
In telecommunications, RS‐232 is a standard for serial communication transmission of data. 
Bluetooth
UART
A universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter is a computer hardware device that translates data 
between parallel and serial forms. 

TTL Short range wireless interconnection for cell 
Transistor‐Transistor‐Logic (TTL) is a class of digital circuits built from bipolar junction transistors 
(BJT) and resistors. Introduced in 1963, TTL integrated circuits were manufactured by several  phones computers, electronics devices originally 
semiconductor companies, with the 7400 series (also called 74xx) by Texas Instruments becoming 
particularly popular. TTL manufacturers offered a wide range of logic gate, flip‐flops, counters, and  conceived as a wireless replacement for RS‐232 
other circuits (Generally, +5 VDC, also CMOS devices with voltages up to +18 VDC.) TTL devices were 
originally made in ceramic and plastic dual‐in‐line (DIP) packages, and flat‐pack form.  cables. Developed by Eriksson, a Swedish 
FTDI ‐ Future Technology Devices International company and named after a Danish King, Harold 
Converts RS‐232 or TTL serial transmissions to USB signals.
Note: Arduino UNO incorporates an FTDI that allows seamless communication between the board  Bluetooth. Classis Bluetooth ‐ Always on, 
and USB.
continuously streams data.
USB
Universal Serial Bus is an industry standard developed in the mid‐1990s that defines the cables, 
connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power 
supply between computers and electronic devices.

Bluetooth Classic Bluetooth Pairing Process
Pairing Process
Class (mW)
Maximum Permitted Power
(dBm) Typical Range (Meters) Not all Bluetooth devices are designed to pair
1 100 20 100
One or more profiles
2 2.5 4 10 Note: iPhone has seven different profiles but lacks Serial Port Profile (SPP)

3 1 0 1 SPP defines setup of virtual serial ports and connecting of two
Bluetooth enabled devices

Passkey required to complete the pairing.
Uses simple numbering system; examples: 0000, 1234, etc.

Arduino compatible Bluetooth HC‐05/06  Master / Client
4 wire ‐ Power, GND, RX, TX

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Ethernet
Extremely low energy (range 100 meters), intermittently streams data (2MB bps).
Coin Size Battery CR‐2032 estimates of 5‐10 years from remote sensors (100 Kbps).
Current version Bluetooth 4.2 With the Arduino Ethernet Shield, this library 
allows an Arduino board to connect to the 
Internet (via RJ‐45 connector and cable). It can 
serve as either a server accepting incoming 
connections or a client making outgoing ones. 
The library supports up to four concurrent 
connection (incoming or outgoing or a 
combination).

2
 10/29/2015

Wi‐Fi Arduino Serial Communication Shields

Arduino Wi‐Fi Shield 101 is a powerful IoT shield with 
crypto‐authentication, developed with ATMEL, that  Interfacing with One‐Wire (Dallas Semiconductor Bus) Devices 
wirelessly connects Arduino to the Internet using the IEEE  Interfacing with I2C (Two‐Wire) Devices
802.11 wireless specifications. It is based on the Atmel  Interfacing with SPI Devices
SmartConnect‐WINC1500 module, compliant with the 
IEEE 802.11 b/g/n standard. The WINC1500 module 
provides a network controller capable of both TCP and 
UDP protocols. The Wi‐Fi Shield 101 also features an 
hardware encryption/decryption security protocol 
provided by the ATECC508A CryptoAuthentication chip 
that is an ultra secure method to provide key agreement 
for encryption/decryption.

One‐Wire I2C ‐ Two Wire

SPI ‐ Serial Peripheral Buss Additional Resources

http://www.instructables.com/id/Andruino‐A‐Simple‐2‐Way‐Bluetooth‐based‐
Android‐C/

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HelloWorld

http://playground.arduino.cc/Code/LCD

https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit‐arduino‐lesson‐11‐lcd‐displays‐1/overview

http://www.instructables.com/id/Connecting‐an‐LCD‐to‐the‐Arduino/

https://arduino‐info.wikispaces.com/LCD‐Blue‐I2C

http://www.geeetech.com/wiki/index.php/Serial_I2C_1602_16%C3%972_Charact
er_LCD_Module