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Experiment 03

The document describes an experiment to perform an open circuit test on a single phase transformer to measure the core loss, no-load current, equivalent exciting resistance, and equivalent exciting reactance. The test involves applying a variable voltage to the low voltage side of the transformer using a variac while the high voltage side is open, and recording the voltage, current, and power readings. Calculations are provided to determine the core loss, no-load power factor, working and magnetizing components, equivalent exciting resistance, and equivalent exciting reactance from the test data.

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98 views2 pages

Experiment 03

The document describes an experiment to perform an open circuit test on a single phase transformer to measure the core loss, no-load current, equivalent exciting resistance, and equivalent exciting reactance. The test involves applying a variable voltage to the low voltage side of the transformer using a variac while the high voltage side is open, and recording the voltage, current, and power readings. Calculations are provided to determine the core loss, no-load power factor, working and magnetizing components, equivalent exciting resistance, and equivalent exciting reactance from the test data.

Uploaded by

micu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Experiment No.

03

Experiment Title: Open circuit test of a single phase transformer.

Aim:

1. To measure the core loss (iron loss or no-load loss) and no-load current (I0)
2. To find the equivalent exciting resistance (R0) and equivalent exciting reactance (X0).

Apparatus:

SL Name Specification Quantity


01 Single Phase Transformer 150V per coil, 1A 01 No.
02 Variac 0-250V 01 No.
03 AC Voltmeter 0-450V 01 No.
04 AC Ammeter 0-2A 01 No.
05 Wattmeter 0-1200W 01 N0.
06 AC Supply 1-Phase, 230V, 50Hz

Theory:

We know that there the two types of losses of in transformer, such as copper loss and core loss. Copper
loss is a variable loss and depends on current and core loss is a fixed loss and depends upon the voltage.
Now the efficiency of a transformer is define as the ratio of output power to input power. Again the input
power is equals to the sum of output power and losses. The losses can be fined out with open circuit test
and short circuit test. The core loss can be obtained by the open circuit test.

The connection diagram for open circuit test on transformer is shown in the figure. A voltmeter,
wattmeter, and an ammeter are connected in LV side of the transformer as shown. The voltage at rated
frequency is applied to that LV side with the help of a variac. The HV side of the transformer is kept
open. Now with the help of variac, applied voltage gets slowly increased until the voltmeter gives reading
equal to the rated voltage of the LV side. After reaching rated LV side voltage, we record all the three
instruments reading (Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter readings).

Connection Diagram:

Fig.: Open Circuit Test on Transformer.

Data Table:

Voltage (V1) Current (I0) Power (Iron loss, W0)

Prepared By: Shadhon Chandra Mohonta, Assistant Professor, EEE, RUET


Calculation of Open Circuit Test

Let,

W0 – Wattmeter reading
V1 – Voltmeter reading
I0 – Ammeter reading

1. The iron loss of the transformer is, W0  V1 I 0 cos 0


W0
2. The no-load power factor is, cos 0 
V1 I 0
3. Working component is, I w  I 0 cos 0

4. Magnetizing component is, I   I 02  I w2


V1
5. Equivalent exciting resistance is, R0 
Iw
V1
6. Equivalent exciting reactance is, X 0 
I

The phasor diagram of transformer at no load or when an open circuit test is performed is shown below

Fig.: Phasor Diagram of Open Circuit Test

Conclusion:

Prepared By: Shadhon Chandra Mohonta, Assistant Professor, EEE, RUET

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