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Chapter2: Homework: ST ND

The document discusses wireless communication topics such as: 1. Variations in received signal power are greater for high frequencies than low frequencies due to smaller path loss factors over distance. 2. To avoid heavy intersymbol interference, the delay between direct and reflected signal paths must be within 0.1 times the symbol duration, resulting in a required symbol rate of 166.66 bits/sec for the example scenario. 3. Both low and very high carrier frequencies have drawbacks for satellite TV - low frequencies make high-gain antennas difficult while high frequencies experience significant atmospheric attenuation.

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126 views1 page

Chapter2: Homework: ST ND

The document discusses wireless communication topics such as: 1. Variations in received signal power are greater for high frequencies than low frequencies due to smaller path loss factors over distance. 2. To avoid heavy intersymbol interference, the delay between direct and reflected signal paths must be within 0.1 times the symbol duration, resulting in a required symbol rate of 166.66 bits/sec for the example scenario. 3. Both low and very high carrier frequencies have drawbacks for satellite TV - low frequencies make high-gain antennas difficult while high frequencies experience significant atmospheric attenuation.

Uploaded by

Ali Lashin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wireless Communications

2011-2012 Lecturer: Eng. MTELASTAL

Chapter2: Homework

Q1. Does the carrier frequency of a system have an impact on (i) small-scale fading, (ii)
shadowing? When moving over a distance x, will variations in the received signal power
be greater for low frequencies or high frequencies? Why?

The variations in the received signal power are greater for high frequencies than for lower
frequencies since path loss factor will be smaller

2. Consider a scenario where there is a direct path from BS to MS, while other multipath
components are reflected from a nearby mountain range. The distance between the BS
and MS is 10 km, and the distance between the BS and mountain range, as well as the
MS and mountain range, is 14 km. The direct path and reflected components should
arrive at the RX within 0.1 times the symbol duration, to avoid heavy ISI. What is the
required symbol rate?

Note: This is the perfect solution

The 1st path distance =14*2=28Km and the 2nd path distance =10km

Since there are 2 path, two signal copies will arrive at Rx.

To avoid ISI, the delay between the 1st signal and the 2 nd delay must be within 0.1 Ts

𝑑 18𝑘𝑚
𝑣= 3 ∗ 108 =
𝑡 0.1𝑇𝑠

18𝑘𝑚
𝑇𝑠 = = 600𝜇𝑠𝑒𝑐
0.1 ∗ 3 ∗ 108
𝑅𝑠 = 166.66𝐵𝑖𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐

3. Why are low carrier frequencies problematic for satellite TV? What are the problems at
very high frequencies?

Lower frequencies make it very difficult to build high gain antennas which are required at
satellite systems at both ends to have a good link budget. Also, larger BW (which required at
satellite services) is feasible at higher frequencies more than at lower frequencies. At high
frequencies, the atmospheric attenuation becomes very large.

4. In what frequency ranges can cell phones be found? What are the advantages and
drawbacks?

400-500 MHz /800-1000MHz /1800-2000MHz

In general, higher frequencies provide high capacity since it have larger BW and it have larger
pathless (the cell size is small; the reuse can be accomplished very easy). Lower frequencies
are suited to outdoor-indoor penetration as well as the for rural area coverage (longer distance
with small number of users)

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