A Detailed Lesson

Plan in Math

Prepared by:
Emmanuel C. Revilla
 Detailed Lesson Plan in Math
I. Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
A. Describe sets and subsets
B. Define union and intersection of sets
C. Perform set operations (Union and Intersection of Sets)
II. Subject Matter
A. Topic: Sets
Sub-topic: Basic Operation Involving Sets
B. Instructional Materials: PowerPoint presentation, white board marker
C. References: College Algebra and Trigonometry – 7th Edition by Aufmann et al.
Handbook of Mathematics – 6th Edition by Bronshtein et al.
Learner’s Material Grade 7 - Mathematics
III. Learning Procedures
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
A. Greetings
”Good morning class.” “Good morning sir”

B. Checking of Attendance
“Are there any absentees for today?” “None, Sir!”

C. Review of the Past Lesson

“Okay. Very good. Now class, last time we “Sir, real numbers are all the
discussed about the Real Number System? numbers in the number line. It
Anyone, who would like to share his/her contains all of the rational and
insights about our previous discussion?” irrational numbers.”

“That is correct. What else?” “Sir, rational number. Rational

numbers are those numbers which
can be expressed as a ratio between
two integers. It includes all the
integers and decimals which
terminate and has repeating pattern.”
“Very good! Last one?” “Sir, integers. Integers are the set of
real numbers consisting of the
natural numbers, their additive
inverses and zero.”
“Okay. Excellent class. It seems that you can
still recall our past lesson.”

D. Motivation

“Today, we are going to proceed to our next

 topic, but before that let’s first have a short
game.”

“I am sure that all of you are familiar with this “Yes, Sir”
game. This morning we will play “BRING
ME”. I will divide the class into 5 groups. I
will tell you later what you will need to bring
to me in front. I will be giving you just 5
seconds to bring to me the object. Every time
your group is able to provide the item, you
will earn one point. The group that will gain
the most number of points will be declared as
the winner and will have an incentive in our
quiz later. Okay. Are you ready?”

“Count off 1-5. Go to your respective stations (Students go to their respective

quietly.” stations.)

“Bring me any writing material…” (Students may bring pen, marker,

pencil, typewriting, yellow paper,
etc.)

“Bring me a Peso bill less than Php 500..” (Students may bring a 20, 50, 100, or
200-Peso bill)

“Bring me any piece of cloth.” (Students may bring towel, tie, shirt,
socks, etc.. )

“Last, Bring me, any food.” (Students may bring crackers, candy,
etc..)

E. Presentation
“Now, I have here all the objects that I told “Sir, group of writing materials.”
you to bring to me. And I’m not going to
return it anymore. Just a joke. But kidding
aside, here in the table, we have 4 groups of
objects. Can anyone name the first group?”

“Correct! What about the second group?” “Sir, group of peso bills.”

“That is also correct. The third group?” “Sir, piece of cloth group.”
“Okay, thank you! What about the last “Sir, food group.”
group?”

“Very good. Now there is actually a term that “Sir, a set!”

is used to refer to collection of objects.
Anyone, who knows the term?”

“Correct. And that is what we are going to

discuss today! ”

“ Now, what is a set? A set is more “Sir, because they are all writing
specifically defined as a collection of certain materials.”
different things (objects, ideas, numbers,
letters) that belong together for a certain
reason. Let’s take the first group of objects as
an example. This is a set consisting of a
pencil, a marker, a pen and typewriting. Why
can we consider this as a set?

“Correct! Meaning to say, this objects share (Student’s answer may vary)
the same characteristics. What about the
second group? Third group? Fourth group?”

“Next, the objects that constitute a set are “Yes, sir”

called elements. We can indicate that an
element is a member of a set by using the
symbol for set membership (∈). Let’s apply
the concepts of sets to the set of real numbers.
For instance, we can state that 1 is an element
of the set of natural or counting numbers 1 ∈
N . We can also indicate an element is not a
member by using the negation of this
symbol , for example we can state that ½ ∈ N.
Can you follow?”

“Okay. Can you give me a well-defined set?” (Student’s answer may vary)

“Let’s now proceed to the Notations and ”

symbols for sets. Uppercase letters will be
used to name sets, and lowercase letters will
be used to refer to any element of a set. Say
for example, we can name our first set as A.
Certain important sets are designated with
special symbols like the sets of the various
number types which are discussed in pre-
algebra. The set of Natural Numbers is
denoted by bold faced letter N, likewise the
set of integers is designated with the letter Z,
the set of rational numbers with letter Q and
real number with R. Now, Consider the set of
natural numbers from 1 to 5. Let this set be set
A. How are we going to write this set. One
way is through listing or Roster Method. Here,
we write the list of the elements of a set,
separated by commas and enclosing the list in
braces.
A = {1,2,3,4,5}
(the teacher will give more examples)”

“An important rule when listing the members

of the set is that each element must be unique,
no to members of the set may be the same.”
(Teacher gives example)

“What about if there are lots of members? “An ellipses can be used to indicate
a continuation of the pattern.”

“Very good!Say the set of integers from 3 to “{…-3,-2,-1,0,1,2….}”

100 could be written like this…
{3,4,5….100}. Another example, set of
natural numbers, can be written with an
ellipses following the first few numbers to
indicate that the list continues.What about the
set of integers? How can we use the ellipses
there?”

“Instead of listing each member, a set can also “B = {odd numbers less than 30} ”
be defined by stating the properties that its
members must satisfy. Example, instead of
listing all the elements of set A, we can just
write it as A is the set of all natural numbers
less than six or A = {natural numbers less than
six}. Let’s have another example, lets say B =
{1,3,5,7…….29}, how will we rewrite this?

“Correct! Now, there is more rigorous “None, Sir!”

mathematical notation for describing a set
called set builder notation. To define a set
using set builder notation we use a symbol
typically a small letter to represent any
element of the set, for example x to represent
an element in set A. Now in the braces we
right x followed by a vertical bar and then
state the properties that element x must
satisfy..
A = {1,2,3,4,5}
A is the set of natural numbers less than 5
A = {x| x ∈ N , x < 6}
Okay, Do you have questions?”

“Okay! Let’s try another one convert this to “B = {x| x ∈ R , x >2}”

set builder notation..
B is the set of real numbers greater than 2..

“Very good! We also have what we call

subset. Set A is a subset of set B if every
element of A is also an element of B. Say for
example the even numbers 2, 4 and 12 all
belong to the set of whole numbers.
Therefore, the even numbers 2, 4, and 12 form
a subset of the set of whole numbers. F is a
proper subset of A if F does not contain all
elements of A. “

“The null set is an empty set. Say for

example, if we are asked to name a month
with 35 days. The solution to this is a null
set.”
“The cardinality of a set is the number of
elements contained in set.”

“Okay. We are now done with the important “Sir, The union of two sets written,
terms, notations and symbols for set. We will A ∪ B is the set of all elements that
now proceed to the operations involving sets. belong to either A or B.”
Just as operations such as addition and
multiplication are performed on real numbers,
operations are performed on sets too. Two
operations performed on sets are union and
intersection. Anyone, who would like to read
the definition of union.”

“Thank you. In set builder notation, this is “Sir, P ∪ Q = {a,b,c,d,e,i,o,u}”

written as . Now,
take note of the word “or”, meaning to say a
new set is formed containing the elements that
belongs to either A or B or both. To put it in
simple terms, in union, we just combine all
the elements of the two sets. For example,
Given.. A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} B = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}
A ∪ B ={0,1,2,3,4,6,8}
Note that an element that belongs to
both sets is listed only once. Another
example..
P = {a, e, i, o, u}, Q = {a, b, c, d}, what is P ∪
Q?”

“Okay. That is correct. Now, what about “The intersection of two

intersection?” sets, written A ∩ B is the set of all
elements that are common to both
A and B.”

“Thank you. In set builder notation it is “Sir, P ∩ Q = {a}”

written as . Take note

of the word and. This means that the
intersection of two sets is a new set that
contains all of the elements that are in
 both sets. In intersection, we just list the
elements that are common to both sets. For
example, A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} B = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}
A ∩ B = {0,2,4}.. Another example, P = {a, e,
i, o, u}, Q = {a, b, c, d}, what is P ∩ Q ? ”

“That is correct! ”

F. Activity
“Okay class, get one whole sheet of paper.
Answer this on your notebook.

If P = {11,13,17,19,23,27}  

Q = {11,12,13,14,15,16}  

R = {9,11,13,15,17,19}   S =
{10,15,20,25,30,35}, determine the elements
and cardinality

(a) P ∪ Q
(b) Q ∪ R
(c) P ∪ Q ∪ R
(d) P ∩ R 
(e) Q ∩ S
(f) Q ∩ R ∩ S”

I. Generalization
“Again class, what is a set?” “Set is a well-defined collection of
objects that share a common
characteristic.”

“What is a subset?” “A subset is a set contained in

another set.”

“What is the union of a set?” “The union of a set is the set of all
elements that belong to either of the
two sets or both”

“What is the intersection of a set?” “The intersection of a set is the set

of all elements that are common to
both of the sets.”
“Very good class. It seems that you really did
understand our topic for today.”

IV. Evaluation
 Let A, B and C be three sets such that:
Set A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}, set B = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15} and set C = {1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16}.
Determine the elements and cardinality of:
1. A ∪ B
2. A ∩ B
3. B ∩ A
4. B ∪ A
5. B ∪ C

V. Agreement

Research on the complement of a set and how to represent sets through Venn Diagrams.