i

MATH113:INTEGRAL CALCULUS
MODULE 1

ENGR. RUTH ANN D. MANINGDING

INSTRUCTOR

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 1
1.5.Trigonometric Function:

The basic formula for integration involving trigonometric functions are:

1. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢 + 𝑐

2. ∫ sin 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 + 𝑐
3. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 + 𝑐
4. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 + 𝑐
5. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 + 𝑐
6. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = − csc 𝑢 + 𝑐
7. ∫ sec 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝐼𝑛/ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 + tan 𝑢/+𝑐
8. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝐼𝑛 /csc 𝑢 − 𝑐 𝑜𝑡 𝑢 + 𝑐

Evaluate the Integrals below:

1.∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛3𝜃𝑑𝜃 Checking:

1
Let u=3𝞱 d[3 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃 + 𝐶]

1
du = 3d𝞱 − 3 [−𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃](3)

𝑑𝑢
=∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑢( 3 ) =Sin3𝞱 d𝞱

1
=3 ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢

1
=3 (−𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑢)

1
=− 3 𝐶𝑜𝑠 3𝜃 + 𝐶

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 2
 2.∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 4𝑥𝑑𝑥 Checking:
1
Let u=4x d[4 𝑡𝑎𝑛4𝑥 + 𝐶]

1
du = 4 dx = 4 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 4𝑥(4)𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
= ∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 ( 4 ) = 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 4𝑥𝑑𝑥

1
=4 ∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢

1
=4 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 + 𝐶

1
=4 𝑡𝑎𝑛4𝑥 + 𝐶

𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑋
3.∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛4 𝑋 𝑑𝑥 Checking:

𝑆𝑖𝑛−3 𝑥
= d[ + 𝐶]
−3

−3
=∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑆𝑖𝑛−4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 =d[−3 𝑆𝑖𝑛−4 𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥]

Let u= Sin x = Cosx 𝑆𝑖𝑛−4 𝑥dx

du= Cosx dx

= ∫ 𝑢−4 𝑑𝑢

𝑢−3
=[ −3 + 𝑐]

𝑆𝑖𝑛 −3 𝑥
= +𝐶
−3

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 3
 4.∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝑥𝑑𝑥 Checking:

𝑆𝑖𝑛2 4𝑋
Let u=Sin 4x d[ + 𝐶]
8

du = Cos4x(4dx)
𝑑𝑢 1
= ∫ 𝑢 𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝑥 =8 (2𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑋)𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝑥(4)𝑑𝑥
𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝑥(4)

1 8
=4 ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = 8 𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝑥𝑑𝑥

1 (𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑥)2
=4 [ ]+𝐶 =Sin4xCos4xdx
2

1
=8 (𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑥)2 + 𝐶

5.∫ 𝐶𝑠𝑐 2 2𝑡𝑑𝑡 Checking:

𝐶𝑜𝑡2𝑡
Let u=2t =− +𝑐
2

1
du = 2dt =- 2 (−𝐶𝑠𝑐 2 2𝑡)(2)

𝑑𝑢
=∫ 𝐶𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢( 2 ) = 𝐶𝑠𝑐 2 2𝑡

1
=2 ∫ 𝐶𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢

𝐶𝑜𝑡2𝑡
=- 2
+𝐶

𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐼𝑛𝑥
6.∫ 𝑑𝑥 Checking:
𝑥

Let u= Inx = d[Sin Inx +C]

𝑑𝑥 1
du = = Cos Inx [𝑥]𝑑𝑥
𝑥

=∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑢

=Sin u+C

=Sin Inx +C

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 4
7.∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 5 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 Checking:

𝑆𝑒𝑐 5 𝑋
Let u=Sec x d[ + 𝐶]
5

5
du = Secx Tanx dx =5 𝑆𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥[𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥]𝑑𝑥

=∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥(𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥) =𝑆𝑒𝑐 4 𝑋[ SecXtanX]dx

=∫ 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑆𝑒𝑐 5 𝑥tanxdx

𝑆𝑒𝑐 5 𝑥
=[ ]+𝐶
5

8.∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 6𝑦 𝑑𝑦 Checking:

Let u=6y 1
=d[6 𝑡𝑎𝑛6𝑦 − 𝑦 + 𝐶]
du = 6dy 1
=6 [𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 6𝑦(6𝑑𝑦) − 𝑑𝑦]
=∫(𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 6𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦
=[𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 6𝑦 − 1]𝑑𝑦
=∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 6𝑦 − ∫ 𝑑𝑦
2

=𝑡𝑎𝑛2 6𝑦𝑑𝑦
↓

u = 6y

du = 6𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢
=∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 ( 6 ) − 𝑦

1
=6tan 6y-y +C

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 5
 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦
9. ∫ Checking:
1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
(1−𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑦 =d[ y-cosy+C]
= 𝑑𝑦
1−𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦
=dy+Sinydy
(1−𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦)(1+𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦)
=∫ 𝑑𝑦
(1−𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦)
=(1+siny)dy
=∫(1 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦)𝑑𝑦 (1+𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦)(1−𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦)
= 𝑑𝑦
(1−𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦)
=∫ 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝐶𝑜𝑠2 𝑦𝑑𝑦
= 1−𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦
=y-Cosy+C

10.∫(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 1)2d𝞱
Checking:
=∫ (𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 − 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 1)𝑑𝜃
d[ tan𝜃 + 2𝐼𝑛/𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃/ +𝑐
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃
=∫(𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1) − 2 ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
=(𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)𝑑𝜃
(−𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃)
=∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 + 2 ∫ =((𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1 − 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)𝑑𝜃
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃

=tan𝜃 + 2𝐼𝑛/𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃/+𝑐 =(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 1)2 𝑑𝜃

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 6
Exercises 1.5

1.∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥𝑑𝑥
2.∫
1+4𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥

1
3.∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦𝑑𝑦
2

4.∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐5𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑡5𝑡𝑑𝑡

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑤𝑑𝑤
5.∫
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑤

6. ∫(1 − 2𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 )𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

7.∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛽)3 𝑑𝛽

1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑦
8.∫ 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑦 𝑑𝑦

9.∫(cos 𝐶 + 1) 𝑑𝑐

(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
10.∫
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 7
‘
1.6. Transformation by trigonometric Functions

Type I:

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑚 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟

(1) m is odd

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑚 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑚−1 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥

Use trigonometric identities:

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 = 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙

(2) n is odd

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑚 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑚 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛−1 𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

Use trigonometric identities:

𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 = 𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙

Illustrative Example:

1. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2.∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥𝑑𝑥

=∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Trigo Identities:
Trigo Identities: 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = (1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥)
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 =∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥(1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 =∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 Let

u=cosx
Let:
du=-sinxdx
𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
=∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
1
=∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢 =−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 + 𝐶

1
=
𝑢3
−
𝑢4
+𝑐 =3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐶
3 4

1 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 𝑥 + 𝐶
3 5

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 8
Type II.

∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑚 𝑢𝑑𝑢 𝑜𝑟 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢, Where n is an integer

Use trigonometric identities:

𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 − 1

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 = 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑢

𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 − 1

Illustrative Example:

1.∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 2.∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥

=∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Trigo Identities:
Trigo Identities:
𝐶𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 = (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1)
2 2
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = (𝑆𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 1)
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥
2 2
= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

2 2 2
= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
Let:
= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫(𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1)
u=cot x

=∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 du= −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

Let: =∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫(𝐶𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥

𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 =∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 -∫ 𝐶𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 =∫ 𝑢2 (−𝑑𝑢) -∫ 𝐶𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥

=∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 1
=− 3 𝑐𝑜𝑡 3 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐
1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐 1
3
= 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 3 𝑥 + 𝑐
3

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 9
Type III:

∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑚 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢 𝑜𝑟 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑚 𝑢 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

Where n is a positive even integer

Illustrative Example:

∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃

=∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 =∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃

Trigo Identities Trigo Identities

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 = 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 = 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑢

=∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃)𝑑𝜃

= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥(𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥

=∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 + ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃

Let: Let:

u=tanx u=tan𝞱

du=𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 du=𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝞱

=∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢
= ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢
1 1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 𝑥 + 𝐶
3 5 1 1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 𝜃 + 𝐶
2 4

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 10
TypeIV

∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒎 𝒖𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝒖𝒅𝒖

Where both m or n are positive

even integer

Use trigonometric Identities

Power of Functions

1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢 = (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢)
2
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢 = (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢)
2

Double Angle Formulas

1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢
2

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 11
1.∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃
2. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃

=∫(𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡)4

Trigonometric Identities:
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2 𝑑𝜃
𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝑡 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
Trigonometric Identities
𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝑡
1 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢 2
2
1
=∫(2 𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝑡)4
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢 = (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢)
2 Trigonometric Identities:
1 1
= ∫ (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃)( 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)2 𝑑𝜃 1
2 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢 = (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢)
2
1
= ∫(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝜃𝑑𝜃 1
8 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑢 = (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑢)
2
1 1
=8 ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 2𝜃𝑑𝜃 − 8 ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠2𝜃𝑆𝑖𝑛2 2𝜃𝑑𝜃 1
=16 ∫(𝑆𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡)2

Trigo Identities 1 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 2

=16 ∫( 2
) 𝑑𝑡
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢 = (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢) 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡)2 𝑑𝑡
2 =
64
∫(1 −

1 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑢 = (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑢) = ∫(1 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡4𝑡 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑡)𝑑𝑡
2 64

1 2 1
=64 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 − 64 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 + 64 ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑡𝑑𝑡
1 1 1
=8 ∫ 2 (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜃) − 8 ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠2𝜃𝑆𝑖𝑛2 2𝜃𝑑𝜃 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑢 = 2 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠8𝑢)

1 1 1 1 2 1 (1+𝐶𝑜𝑠8𝑡)𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜃𝑑𝜃 − ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃𝑑𝜃 =64 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 − 64 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡𝑑𝑡 + 64 ∫ 2
16 16 8
1 2 1 1
Let u=4𝜃 u=Sin2𝜃 =64 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 − 64 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡𝑑𝑡 + 128 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 + 128 ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠8𝑡𝑑𝑡

du= 4d𝜃 du= Cos2𝜃 (2)𝑑𝜃 U=4t u=8t

𝑑𝜃 1 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑𝑢 du = 4dt du = 8dt
∫ − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 ( ) − ∫ 𝑢2 ( ) + 𝐶
16 16 4 8 2
1 2 𝑑𝑢 1 1 𝑑𝑢
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢( 4 ) + 128 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑢( 8 )
𝜃 1 1 64 64 128
− 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜃 − (𝑠𝑖𝑛3 2𝜃) + 𝐶
16 64 8𝑥3𝑥2 1 1 1 1
=64 𝑡-128 𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑡 + 128 𝑡 + 1024 𝑆𝑖𝑛8𝑡+C
𝜃 1 1
= − 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜃 − (𝑠𝑖𝑛3 2𝜃) + 𝐶 3𝑡 1 1
16 64 48 =128 − 128 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡 + 1024 𝑠𝑖𝑛8𝑡 + 𝐶

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 12
Exercise 1.6: Evaluate the following Integrals.
1.∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑦𝑑𝑦
2.∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
3.∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 7 𝜃𝑑𝜃
4.∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 6 𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥𝑑𝑥
5.∫
𝑐𝑜𝑠6 𝑥

6.∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝑥𝑑𝑥

7.∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 ∅𝑑∅
8.∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 𝑥𝑑𝑥
9.∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 6 𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
10.∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛3 2𝜃𝑑𝜃

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 13
 1.7. Inverse Trigonometric Function

𝑑𝑢 𝑢
∫ = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 +𝑐
√𝑎2 − 𝑢2 𝑎
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢
∫ 𝑎2 +𝑢2 = 𝑎 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑎 + 𝑐 ; where a is constant

Illustrative Example: Evaluate the following

𝑑𝑣
1.∫ 𝑑𝑡
9+4𝑣 2
2. ∫
𝑎2 = 9, 𝑎 = √9 = 3 √5 − 16𝑡 2

𝑢2 = 4𝑣 2 , 𝑢 = 2𝑣, 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑣 𝑎2 = 5, 𝑎 = √5
𝑑𝑣 𝑢2 = 16𝑡 2 , 𝑢 = 4𝑡, 𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑑𝑡
=∫
32 + (2𝑣)2 𝑑𝑢
4
[
𝑑𝑢
] =∫
2 √𝑎2 −𝑢2
=∫
𝑎2 +𝑢2
1 𝑑𝑢
1 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 2 2
4 √𝑎 −𝑢
= ∫ 2
2 𝑎 + 𝑢2 1 4𝑡
1 2𝑣
= 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 +𝑐
4 √5
= 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝑐
6 3

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
3. ∫ 4. ∫
𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 + 10
√9 − 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑡
2
𝑎 = 9, 𝑎 = 3 =∫ 2
𝑡 +6𝑡+9+1

𝑑𝑡
𝑢2 = 𝑦 2 , 𝑢 = 𝑦, 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑦 =∫
(𝑡+3)2 +1
𝑑𝑢
=∫ 2 2 let
√𝑎 −𝑢

𝑦 𝑎2 = 1, 𝑎 = 1
= 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐
3
𝑢2 = (𝑡 + 3)2 , 𝑢 = 𝑡 + 3, 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢
=∫
𝑢2 + 𝑎2
=𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑡 + 3) + 𝑐

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 14
 𝑦2 + 1
5. ∫ 𝑑𝑦
𝑦2 + 4

3
∫ (1 − ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑦2 +4

𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑦 − 3 ∫
𝑦2 +4

𝑎2 = 4, 𝑎 = 2

𝑢2 = 𝑦 2 , 𝑢 = 𝑦, 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝑑𝑦 − 3 ∫
𝑢2 + 𝑎2
3 𝑦
= 𝑦 − 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑐
2 2

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 15
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 16
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 17
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 18
Exercises 1.7: Evaluate the following

𝑦+4
1.∫ 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 +6
𝑑𝑥
2.∫
√2𝑎𝑥−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢
3.∫ 2𝑢
√9𝑒 −1
(4𝑥−7)𝑑𝑥
4.∫ 2
𝑥 −6𝑥+13
𝑑𝑡
5.∫ 2 2
𝑡√𝑡 −𝑎
𝑑𝑥
6.∫
𝑥√1−4𝐼𝑛2 𝑥
(3𝑥−2)𝑑𝑥
7.∫ 2
𝑥 +2𝑥+17
𝑑𝑦
8.∫ 2
9𝑦 +6𝑦+5

𝒆𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟗. ∫
𝟗 + 𝟒𝒆𝟔𝒙
(𝟏+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙)𝒅𝒙
10.∫
𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙√𝟓−𝟑𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝒙

MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 19
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 20