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Food Enzymology: FD-206 Spring Semester 2021 Second Year Food Engineering

This document discusses the different systems used to classify enzymes including the systematic name based on substrates and reaction type, trivial names, and the enzyme commission number which uses a four digit classification system to uniquely identify each enzyme. It also outlines the six main classes of enzymes based on their chemical reactions including oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases.

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Sahar Batool Qazi
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84 views25 pages

Food Enzymology: FD-206 Spring Semester 2021 Second Year Food Engineering

This document discusses the different systems used to classify enzymes including the systematic name based on substrates and reaction type, trivial names, and the enzyme commission number which uses a four digit classification system to uniquely identify each enzyme. It also outlines the six main classes of enzymes based on their chemical reactions including oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases.

Uploaded by

Sahar Batool Qazi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Food Enzymology

FD-206
Spring Semester 2021
Second Year Food Engineering
Lecture 2

Dr Muhammad Badaruddin
Assistant Professor
NED University of Engineering & Technology
[email protected]
[email protected]
FD-206 1
Nomenclature of enzymes

a. Systematic name

b. Trivial name

c. Enzyme commission (EC) number


A: Systematic Name
• According to the International union Of Biochemistry there are two
part of this naming system.
• First part consist of name of substrate(s)
• Two or more substrate, separated by a colon (:)
• Second part describe type of chemical reaction catalysed. This part
ends at –ase.
• If two reactions are involved, second reaction is mentioned in
parethesis following the name of the first type
Trivial Name
• Generally recognized or common name
• Gives no idea of source, function.
• No reaction type is depicted with this name.
• E.g are trypsin, chymotrypsin, cellulase, peroxidase, catalase, α-
amylase etc.
Enzyme Commission (EC) Number
• Drives directly from classification scheme.
• Classification of enzymes/ system ------ each enzyme is distinguished
by a set of four digits.
• Four digits separated by periods as a.b.c.d
• These are permanent numbers
• Newly discovered enzymes are placed at the end of the list under
relevant headings.
• First digit tells the class of chemical reaction, each preceeding
number tells further classification.
Classes/Groups of enzymes
1. Oxidoreductases (oxido-reduction)
2. Transferases (Group Transfer)
3. Hydrolases (Hydrolysis)
4. Lyases (Formation of double bond without
hydrolysis)
5. Isomerases (Isomerization)
6. Ligases (Ligation)
1. Oxidoreductases
• Enzymes that oxidize or reduce substrates by transfer of hydrogen or
electrons or by addition of oxygen.
• General representation
“donor:acceptor oxidoreductase”
CH3CH2OH + NAD+ === CH3CHO + NADH + H+

H2O2 + H2O2 === O2 + 2H2O


2. Transferases
• Enzymes that remove groups (except H) from substrate(s) and
transfer the group to acceptor substrates (except water)
• General representation
“donor:acceptor group transferred-transferase”

• EC number starts with 2.


3. Hydrolases
• Enzymes in which water is the second substrate. Water participate in
the breakage of covalent bond.
• Examples peptide bond in proteins
glycosidic bond in carbohydrates
ester bond in lipids
phosphodiester bond in nucleic acid
• General representation
“Substrate hydrolase”
4. Lyase

• Enzymes that remove groups from their substrates (not by hydrolysis)


to give a double bond in the product
• General systematic name presentation
“substrate prefix-lyase”
• Prefix such as hydro- and ammonia- indicate type of reaction.
• Hyphen is used to distinguish between hydrolase and hydro-lyase.
4. Lyase
5. Isomerases

• Enzymes that cause rearrangement of one or more groups on


substrates without changing the atomic composition of the product.
• General systematic representation is
“ substrate prefix-isomerase”
• Prefix indicate type of isomerization involve such as cis-trans
or trans-cis
5. Isomerases
5. Isomerases
6. Ligases
• Enzymes that catalyse the covalent linking together of two molecules,
coupled with the breakage of pyrophosphate bond as in ATP, UTP or
CTP.
• General systematic name representation
“X:Y ligase (Z)”
Where X & Y ----- names of two molecules to be joined together.
Z ------ product formed triphosphate (ATP, UTP, CTP)
ATP----- proteins
UTP----- carbohydrates
CTP ----- lipids
6. Ligases

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