A 503 - A 503M - 99 Qtuwmy05oq

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: A 503/A 503M – 99 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for

Ultrasonic Examination of Forged Crankshafts1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 503/A 503M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 continuous grain flow crankshafts—produced by a

1.1 This is an acceptance specification for the ultrasonic process in which the solidification centerline of the original
inspection of forged steel crankshafts having main bearing ingot or starting stock is maintained through the main bearings,
journals or crankpins 4 in. [100 mm] or larger in diameter. webs, crankpins, and flanges of the finished crankshaft, usually
1.2 This specification covers the testing equipment required by means of closed die forging.
and the test procedure to be followed, and it defines the critical 3.1.2 solid (slab) forged crankshafts—made from open die
and noncritical areas and limits of acceptance. forgings such that the grain flow in the webs is essentially
1.3 This specification is intended to cover both continuous parallel to the major axis of the forging and the crankpins are
grain flow (CGF) crankshafts for medium and high speed offset from the forging centerline by machining. They may be
diesel engines as well as solid (slab) forged crankshafts for set in the correct orientation by a hot twisting operation.
other applications. 4. Ordering Information
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI
(metric) units are to be regarded separately as the standard. 4.1 It is necessary that the crankshaft be identified as being
Within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. either continuous grain flow or solid (slab) forged.
The values stated in each system shall be used independently of 4.2 Unless otherwise specified by means of supplementary
the other. Combining values from the two systems may result ordering information, the test methods and acceptance criteria
in nonconformance with the specification. for the appropriate crankshaft type shall be used.
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica- 5. Apparatus and Personnel Requirements
tion designation, the inch-pound units shall be used.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.1 The apparatus and personnel requirements shall be in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the accordance with Practice A 388/A 388M. For standardization
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- purposes, it is recommended that final acceptance be based on
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- the use of 2–5 MHz transducers.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 6. Critical Sections
2. Referenced Documents 6.1 The division of a crankshaft into three volumetric zones,
2.1 ASTM Standards: as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, for the purpose of ultrasonic
A 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of examination evaluation is applicable to both solid (slab) forged
Heavy Steel Forgings2 and continuous grain flow crankshafts.
E 428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Steel Refer- 6.2 The major critical sections shown as Zone 1 in Fig. 1
ence Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Inspection3 include the heavily loaded areas of the crankpins, webs, and
2.2 American National Standard:4 main bearings.
ANSI B46.1, Surface Texture 6.3 The minor critical sections shown as Zone 2 in Fig. 1
include the balance of the surface areas of the main bearing and
3. Terminology crankpin journals and adjacent fillets, flanges, and gear fit
3.1 Definitions: areas.
6.4 The balance of the crankshaft as shown in Fig. 1,
including the remaining sections of the webs, is included in
1 Zone 3.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. 7. Calibration of Ultrasonic Equipment on Crankshaft
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1999. Published November 1999. Originally 7.1 For solid (slab) forged crankshafts, the sensitivity of the
published as A 503–64. Last previous edition A 503–75(1994).
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
instrument shall be adjusted so that the thickness to be
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. examined will give a full-scale back reflection. Such calibra-
4
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th tions shall be done in an area free of interfering indications.
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
A 503/A 503M
FIG. 1 Major and Minor Critical Sections—Crankshafts
FIG. 3 Distance to Indication as Percentage of Cross-section
9. Acceptance Criteria
9.1 Solid Forged Crankshafts:
FIG. 2 Scanning Directions
9.1.1 In Zone 1, indications equal to or greater than 20 % of
the back reflection as established in 7.1 shall be cause for
7.2 For CGF crankshafts, 80 % of the full-scale back rejection.
reflection is used when evaluating indications in accordance 9.1.2 Indications in Zone 2 equal to or greater than 50 % of
with Fig. 3. the back reflection shall be cause for rejection.
9.1.3 Indications in Zone 3 equal to or greater than 100 % of
8. Procedure the back reflection shall be cause for rejection.
8.1 The crankshaft should be examined after heat treatment, 9.1.4 Loss of back reflection in excess of 50 % in any zone,
but before machining geometric features such as chamfers and and not caused by geometric configuration, shall be recorded in
oil holes that could interfere with ultrasonic examination. terms of size and location. Normally this condition shall be
8.2 Unless otherwise specified by the purchase order, the cause for rejection, but it may be referred to the purchaser for
scanned surfaces shall have a maximum surface roughness of disposition.
250 µin. [6.35 µm]. 9.2 Continuous Grain Flow Crankshafts (CGF):
8.3 The crankshaft shall be scanned as shown in Fig. 2. 9.2.1 Ultrasonic indications detected in CGF crankshafts
2
A 503/A 503M
shall be evaluated in accordance with Fig. 3. Indications that corded in terms of percentage loss and location. Normally this
exceed the appropriate zone curve are cause for rejection. condition shall be cause for rejection, but it may be referred to
9.2.2 Loss of back reflection in excess of 50 % in any zone, the purchaser for disposition.
and not attributable to geometric configuration shall be re-
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry or order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon by the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
S1. Ultrasonic Testing: Reference Block Calibration without altering the gain. The DAC curve is established by
S1.1 A distance amplitude correction (DAC) curve shall be connecting adjoining peaks with a straight line.
used to provide compensation for signal attenuation. S1.1.4 The basis for rejection shall be agreed upon between
S1.1.1 Two or more reference specimens of incremental the purchaser and manufacturer.
lengths shall be used to establish the DAC curve.
S1.1.2 The reference blocks shall be manufactured in accor- S2. DGS Scales
dance with Practice E 428.
S1.1.3 The DAC is established by placing the search unit on S2.1 DGS scales similar to those described in Practice A
the reference block with the shortest distance to the test hole 388/A 388M shall be used in the examination of either solid
and adjusting the gain control to secure a signal response of (slab) forged or CGF crankshafts.
100 % full screen. The signal peak is marked on the screen. S2.2 The acceptance curves shall be agreed upon between
The procedure is repeated for succeeding greater test distances the purchaser and manufacturer.
The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at
610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or [email protected] (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org).

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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.

Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.

Standard Specification for

1. Scope 3.1.1 continuous grain flow crankshafts—produced by a

FIG. 1 Major and Minor Critical Sections—Crankshafts

FIG. 3 Distance to Indication as Percentage of Cross-section

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