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JAVA - BASIC DATATYPES

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Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to store values. This means that when you create a
variable you reserve some space in the memory.

Based on the data type of a variable, the operating system allocates memory and decides what can be stored in
the reserved memory. Therefore, by assigning different data types to variables, you can store integers,
decimals, or characters in these variables.

There are two data types available in Java −

Primitive Data Types

Reference/Object Data Types

Primitive Data Types
There are eight primitive datatypes supported by Java. Primitive datatypes are predefined by the language and
named by a keyword. Let us now look into the eight primitive data types in detail.

byte
Byte data type is an 8-bit signed two's complement integer

Minimum value is -128 −2 7

Maximum value is 127 inclusive 2 7

− 1

Default value is 0

Byte data type is used to save space in large arrays, mainly in place of integers, since a byte is four times
smaller than an integer.

Example: byte a = 100, byte b = -50

short

Short data type is a 16-bit signed two's complement integer

Minimum value is -32,768 −2 1

5

Maximum value is 32,767 inclusive 2 1

5 − 1

Short data type can also be used to save memory as byte data type. A short is 2 times smaller than an
integer

Default value is 0.

Example: short s = 10000, short r = -20000

int

Int data type is a 32-bit signed two's complement integer.

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Minimum value is - 2,147,483,648 −2 3

1

Maximum value is 2,147,483,647inclusive 2 3

1 − 1

Integer is generally used as the default data type for integral values unless there is a concern about
memory.

The default value is 0

Example: int a = 100000, int b = -200000

long

Long data type is a 64-bit signed two's complement integer

Minimum value is -9,223,372,036,854,775,808−2 6
3

Maximum value is 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 inclusive 2 6

3 − 1

This type is used when a wider range than int is needed

Default value is 0L
Example: long a = 100000L, long b = -200000L

float

Float data type is a single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 floating point

Float is mainly used to save memory in large arrays of floating point numbers

Default value is 0.0f

Float data type is never used for precise values such as currency

Example: float f1 = 234.5f

double

double data type is a double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 floating point

This data type is generally used as the default data type for decimal values, generally the default choice

Double data type should never be used for precise values such as currency

Default value is 0.0d

Example: double d1 = 123.4

boolean
boolean data type represents one bit of information
There are only two possible values: true and false
This data type is used for simple flags that track true/false conditions
Default value is false
Example: boolean one = true

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char

char data type is a single 16-bit Unicode character

Minimum value is '\u0000' or0
Maximum value is '\uffff' or65, 535inclusive
Char data type is used to store any character
Example: char letterA = 'A'

Reference Datatypes
Reference variables are created using defined constructors of the classes. They are used to access
objects. These variables are declared to be of a specific type that cannot be changed. For example,
Employee, Puppy, etc.

Class objects and various type of array variables come under reference datatype.

Default value of any reference variable is null.

A reference variable can be used to refer any object of the declared type or any compatible type.

Example: Animal animal = new Animal" giraf f e " ;

Java Literals
A literal is a source code representation of a fixed value. They are represented directly in the code without any
computation.

Literals can be assigned to any primitive type variable. For example −

byte a = 68;
char a = 'A';

byte, int, long, and short can be expressed in decimalbase10, hexadecimalbase16 or octalbase8 number
systems as well.

Prefix 0 is used to indicate octal, and prefix 0x indicates hexadecimal when using these number systems for
literals. For example −

int decimal = 100;

int octal = 0144;
int hexa = 0x64;

String literals in Java are specified like they are in most other languages by enclosing a sequence of characters
between a pair of double quotes. Examples of string literals are −

Example

"Hello World"
"two\nlines"
"\"This is in quotes\""

String and char types of literals can contain any Unicode characters. For example −

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char a = '\u0001';
String a = "\u0001";

Java language supports few special escape sequences for String and char literals as well. They are −

Notation Character represented

\n Newline 0x0a

\r Carriage return 0x0d

\f Formfeed 0x0c

\b Backspace 0x08

\s Space 0x20

\t tab

\" Double quote

\' Single quote

\\ backslash

\ddd Octal character ddd

\uxxxx Hexadecimal UNICODE character xxxx

What is Next?
This chapter explained the various data types. The next topic explains different variable types and their usage.
This will give you a good understanding on how they can be used in the Java classes, interfaces, etc.

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