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Assignment No: 1: Answer: 1. Paired Sample T-Test

The document provides sample situations and hypotheses for several statistical tests: - Paired t-test situations compare subjects' pre-test and post-test scores, weights before and after training, and sleep times of husbands vs. wives. - Independent t-test situations compare outcomes between groups like income of biology and chemistry graduates or homicide rates between counties. - Pearson correlation situations test for a linear relationship between variables and calculate a test statistic and p-value. - Regression situations use an equation to explain the relationship between variables and implications. - ANOVA situations compare therapy outcomes, light bulb making processes, and exam scores between colleges. - Descriptive statistics situations summarize and describe characteristics of a data set using measures

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Lubaba Shabbir
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68 views3 pages

Assignment No: 1: Answer: 1. Paired Sample T-Test

The document provides sample situations and hypotheses for several statistical tests: - Paired t-test situations compare subjects' pre-test and post-test scores, weights before and after training, and sleep times of husbands vs. wives. - Independent t-test situations compare outcomes between groups like income of biology and chemistry graduates or homicide rates between counties. - Pearson correlation situations test for a linear relationship between variables and calculate a test statistic and p-value. - Regression situations use an equation to explain the relationship between variables and implications. - ANOVA situations compare therapy outcomes, light bulb making processes, and exam scores between colleges. - Descriptive statistics situations summarize and describe characteristics of a data set using measures

Uploaded by

Lubaba Shabbir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment No: 1

Write 5 situations/hypotheses for following statistical tests

1. Independent sample t-test


2. Paired sample t-test

Answer:

1. Paired sample t-test

 The average score of subjects on the posttest is different than the average of those
same subjects on the pretest. ( POSTTEST  PRETEST)
 People will listen longer to female telephone markers than the very same people will
listen to a male telephone marketer. ( FORAHER>FORAHIM)
 Graduates had higher average salaries 10 years after graduation than they had 5 years
after graduation. ( SALARY10>SALARY5)
 On average, soldiers weighted less after they completed basic training than they
weighed before they started. ( AFTER< BEFORE)
 Husband average more hours of sleep per night than their wives. ( HESLEEP> SHESLEEP )

2. Independent sample t-test

 Catholic women average more children than protestant women.


(CHILDREPN cath women  CHILDREN prot women )
 Biology graduates have a different average annual income than chemistry graduates.
( INCOMEbio grads  INCOMEchem grade )
 Length of life, on average, is shorter for never-married persons than ever-married
( LIFEnever married  LIFEever married )
persons.
 Homicide, rates on average, is higher in Western counties than in Southern counties of
( HOMICIDEwest counties  HOMICIDE south counties )
United States.
( SLEEPhusband  SLEEPwives )
 Husbands average more hours of sleep per night than wives.

Assignment No: 2
Write 4 situations/hypotheses for following statistical tests

3. Pearson correlation
4. Simple or multiple regression
5. One factor ANOVA

Answer:

Simple or multiple regressions

 State the research hypothesis.


 Gather the data.
 Calculate the regression equation from the data.
 Explain the practical implications of the findings.

Pearson correlation

 First, we specify the null and alternative hypotheses:


1: Null hypothesis:
\(H_{0}\colon\rho=0\)
2: Alternative hypothesis:
\(H_{A}\colon\rho  0\) or \(H_{A}\colon\rho<0\) or \
(h_{A}\colon\rho>0\)
 Second, we calculate the value of the test statistic using the following formula:
Test statistic:
\(t^*=\dfrac{r\sqrt{n-2}}{\sqrt{1-r^2}}\)
 Third , we use the resulting test statistic to calculate the p- value. As always, the p- value
is the answer to the question” how likely is it that we’d get a test statistic t* as extreme
as we did if the null hypothesis were true?” The p-value is determined by referring to a
t-distribution with n-2 degrees of freedom.
 Finally we make a decision:
1: if the p-value is smaller than the significance level alpha we reject the null hypothesis
in favor of the alternative. We conclude “there is sufficient evidence at the alpha level to
conclude that there is a linear relationship is the population between the predictor x
and response y”.
2: if the p-value is larger than the significance level alpha, we fail to reject the null
hypothesis. We conclude “there is not enough evidence at the alpha level to conclude
that there is a linear relationship in the population between the predictor x and
response y”

One factor ANOVA

 A group of psychiatric patients are trying three different therapies: counseling,


medication and biofeedback. You want to see if one therapy is better than others.
 A manufacturer has two different processes to make light bulbs. They want to know
if one process is better than the other.
 Student from different colleges take the same exam. You want to see if one college
outperforms the other.
 Distinguish between one and two factor analysis of variance tests.

Assignment No: 3
Keeping in view the demographic characteristics of sample, describe the situations of
following:

Descriptive statistics

Answer:

Descriptive statistics

 Descriptive statistics summarizes or describes characteristic of a data set.


 Descriptive statistics consists of two basic categories of measure: measures
of central tendency and measure of variability or spread.
 Measures of central tendency describe the center of a data set.
 Measures of variability or spread describe the dispersion of data within the
set.

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