3/21/2020 Euler's Reflection Formula - ProofWiki

Euler's Reflection Formula

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Contents
Theorem
Corollary
Proof
Source of Name
Sources

Theorem
Let Γ denote the gamma function.

Then:

π
∀z ∉ Z : Γ(z) Γ(1 − z) =
sin(πz)

Corollary
π
∀z ∉ Z : (−z)! Γ(z) =
sin(πz)

Proof
We have the Weierstrass products:

z z
sin(πz) = πz ∏ (1 − ) exp( )
n n
n ≠ 0

From the Weierstrass form of the Gamma function:

∞
1 z z
γz
= ze ∏ (1 + ) exp(− )
Γ(z) n n
n = 1

from which:

2 ∞
1 −z exp(γz) exp(−γz) z z z z
= ∏ (1 + ) (1 − ) exp( ) exp(− )
−z Γ(z) Γ(−z) −z n n n n
n = 1

∞ 2
z
= z ∏ (1 − )
2
n
n = 1

Euler
sin(πz) Formula
=
π
for Sine
Function
whence:

Γ(z) Γ(1 − z) = −z Γ(z) Γ(−z) Gamma Difference Equation

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Source of Name
This entry was named for Leonhard Paul Euler.

Sources
1965: Murray R. Spiegel: Theory and Problems of Laplace Transforms ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter 1: The Laplace Transform: Some Special
Functions: I . The Gamma function: 3
1968: Murray R. Spiegel: Mathematical Handbook of Formulas and Tables ... (previous) ... (next): 16.8: Relationships among Gamma
Functions
1997: Donald E. Knuth: The Art of Computer Programming: Volume 1: Fundamental Algorithms (3rd ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): §1.2.5:
Permutations and Factorials: Exercise 23

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