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Systemic Assessment

The document describes aspects of a newborn physical examination, including the head, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, throat, neck, and gastrointestinal system. It provides details on the anterior and posterior fontanels, caput succedaneum and cephalhematoma. Common normal eye findings in newborns are described along with some abnormalities. The ears, nose, mouth, throat and neck are examined. Details of the gastrointestinal system examination include the mouth, cheeks, tongue, gums, abdomen and umbilical cord.

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Amy Lalringhluani
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139 views8 pages

Systemic Assessment

The document describes aspects of a newborn physical examination, including the head, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, throat, neck, and gastrointestinal system. It provides details on the anterior and posterior fontanels, caput succedaneum and cephalhematoma. Common normal eye findings in newborns are described along with some abnormalities. The ears, nose, mouth, throat and neck are examined. Details of the gastrointestinal system examination include the mouth, cheeks, tongue, gums, abdomen and umbilical cord.

Uploaded by

Amy Lalringhluani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Under systematic physical

examination
1.Head Circumference

2. fontanel

The Anterior fontanel: is diamond in shape, located at the junction of 2 parietal &
frontal bones. It is 2-3 cm in width & 3-4 cm in length. It closes between 12-18
months of age. The posterior fontanel: is triangular in shape, located between the
parietal & occipital bones. It closes by the 2nd month of age.

Fontanels should be flat, soft, & firm. It bulge when the baby cries or if there is
increased in ICP.
Two conditions may appear in the head: - Caput succedaneum & cephlhemtoma

what is Caput succedaneum ?

An edematous swelling on the presenting portion of the scalp of an infant during


birth, caused by the pressure of the presenting part against the dilating cervix. The
effusion overlies the periosteum with poorly defined margins.

Caput succedaneum extends across the midline and over suture lines. Caput
succedaneum does not usually cause complications and usually resolves over the
first few days. Management consists of observation only.
what is Cephalhematoma?

Cephalhematoma is a subperiosteal collection of blood secondary to rupture of


blood vessels between the skull and the periosteum, in which bleeding is limited
by suture lines (never cross the suture lines).

Eyes:- Usually edematous eye lids -


Gray in color. True color is not determined until the age of 3-6 months.
- Pupil: React to light - Absence of tears
- Blinking reflex is present in response to touch - Can not follow an object
(Rudimentary fixation on objects).
Abnormalities

1.Eyelid Edema

2. Dysconjugate Eye Movements

3. Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

4. Congenital Glaucoma

5.Congenital Cataracts

ear :- Symmetry, any infection, discharge, Pinna is flexible or not, and cartilage
present, ear tag is a small skin tag near the ear.
nose-
Nasal septum, sneeze reflex, Nasal Patency (stethoscope).
Nasal discharge – thin white mucous
Mouth & Throat:
Intact, high arched palate. Sucking reflex
– strong and coordinated - Rooting reflex
- Gag reflex - Minimal salivation
neck:-
neck is Short, thick, and usually surrounded by skin folds
-System wise assessment of the neonates:

1. Gastrointestinal System:

Mouth - should be examined for abnormalities such as cleft lip and/or cleft palate.
Epstein pearls are brittle, white, shine spots near the center of the hard palate.
They mark the fusion of the 2 hollows of the palate. If any; it will disappear in time.

Cheeks: Have a chubby appearance due to development of fatty sucking pads


that help to create negative pressure inside the mouth which facilitates sucking
Epstein Pearls & cheeks - It is Small, harmless cysts that form in a newborn mouth
during the early weeks and months od development. It goes away within a few
weeks of own.
tongue- Gum: May appear with a quite irregular edge.
Sometimes the back of gums contain whitish deciduous teeth that are
semi-formed, but not erupted , Irregular edges with Natal Teeth

Abdomen- Cylindrical in Shape, Bluish white at birth with 2 arteries & one vein,
Meconium Stained Umbilical Cord

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