Ceramic Tiles - Methods of Test, Sampling and Basis For Acceptance
Ceramic Tiles - Methods of Test, Sampling and Basis For Acceptance
Ceramic Tiles - Methods of Test, Sampling and Basis For Acceptance
ICS 91.100.23
© BIS 2019
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 1) (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil
Engineering Division Council.
This standard (Part 1) was first published in 1993 and subsequently revised in 2006. This second revision
incorporates the experience gained with the use of this standard and brings the standard in line with the latest
developments in this field.
The following significant modification incorporated in this revision:
a) A graded sample size has been introduced to meet the requirements of large format tiles.
This Indian Standard is published in several parts. The other parts in this series are:
Part 2 Determination of water absorption and bulk density
Part 3 Determination of moisture expansion using boiling water
Part 4 Determination of linear thermal expansion
Part 5 Determination of resistance to thermal shock
Part 6 Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength
Part 7 Determination of stain and chemical resistance of unglazed tiles
Part 8 Determination of stain and chemical resistance of glazed tiles
Part 9 Determination of crazing resistance of glazed tiles
Part 10 Determination of frost resistance
Part 11 Determination of resistance to surface abrasion of glazed tiles
Part 12 Determination of resistance to deep abrasion of unglazed tiles
Part 13 Determination of scratch hardness of surface according to Mohs’ scale
Part 14 Determination of impact resistance by measurement of coefficient of restitution
Part 15 Sampling and basis for acceptance
Part 16 Determinations of lead and cadmium given off by glazed tiles
In the formulation of this standard considerable assistance has been derived from the ISO 10545-2 : 1995
‘Ceramic tiles — Part 2: Determination of dimensions and surface quality’.
The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex A.
In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or
calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical
values ( revised )’.
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Indian Standard
CERAMIC TILES — METHODS OF TEST,
SAMPLING AND BASIS FOR ACCEPTANCE
PART 1 DETERMINATION OF DIMENSIONS AND SURFACE QUALITY
( Second Revision )
1 SCOPE 2.5 Test Report
The test report shall contain the following:
1.1 This standard (Part 1) covers methods for
determining the dimensional characteristics (length, a) Description of the tiles;
width, thickness, straightness of sides, rectangularity, b) All measurements of length and width;
surface flatness) and the surface quality of all ceramic c) Average size of each test specimen for square
tiles. tiles; and the average length and width for each
1.2 Tiles with area less than 400 mm2 are excluded from oblong tile;
measurements of length, width, thickness, straightness d) Average size of all test specimens for square tiles
of sides, rectangularity, and surface flatness. and the average length and width of oblong tiles;
e) Deviation in percent of the average size of each
1.3 Spacer lugs, glaze bobs and other irregularities
tile (2 or 4 sides) from the work size; and
of the sides shall be ignored when measuring length,
width, and straightness of sides, rectangularity if f) Deviation in percent of the average size of each
these are subsequently hidden in the joints after tile (2 or 4 sides) from the average size of the all
fixing. test specimens.
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measure the thickness at the thickest point within d) Deviation in percent of the average thickness of
each of the nine segments. Measure the thickness each tile from the work size thickness.
of each tile under test in nine positions to an
accuracy of 0.1 mm. 4 MEASUREMENTS OF STRAIGHTNESS OF
SIDES
For split tiles, draw four lines at right angles across
the extruded projections at distance of 1/8, 3/8, 5/8, 4.1 Terminology
7/8 of the length measured from the end. Measure the
thickness at the thickest point on each line. For the purpose of measurement of straightness of
ceramic tiles according to this standard, the following
3.4 Expression of Results definitions shall apply.
For all tiles the average thickness of each individual tile is 4.1.1 Straightness of Sides — Defined as the deviation
the average of four measurements. The average thickness from straightness of the centre of the side in the plane
of the sample is the average of all measurements. of the tile. The measurement is only relevant to the
3.5 Test Report straight sides of tiles (see Fig. 3).
The test report shall contain the following: 4.2 Apparatus
a) Description of the tiles; 4.2.1 An apparatus as shown in Fig. 1, or other suitable
b) All measurements of thickness; apparatus such as steel square. The dial gauge (A) is
c) Average thickness of each test specimen; and used for measuring the straightness of sides.
2
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6.2.1.2 True flat calibrating plate of metal or glass 6.4.2 For Tile Dimension of 40 mm × 40 mm or Less
and at least 10 mm thick for the apparatus described
in 6.2.1.1. 6.4.2.1 In order to measure edge curvature, place
a straightedge across the edges and measure the gap
6.2.2 For tiles of dimensions 40 mm × 40 mm or less under the straightedge by means of the feeler gauges.
the apparatus given in 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2 shall be used. Determine centre curvature in the same manner but
along diagonals.
6.2.2.1 Metal straightedge
6.4.2.2 There shall be no warpage measurements.
6.2.2.2 Thickness feeler gauges 6.5 Expression of Results
6.3 Test Specimens 6.5.1 Centre curvature is expressed as a percentage of
a) For tiles with area, A ≤ 0.09 m , ten whole tiles in
2 the length of the diagonal.
each type shall be tested. 6.5.2 Edge curvature is expressed as percentage of
b) For tiles with area, 0.09 m2 < A ≤ 0.36 m2, seven the length and width, for oblong tiles and percentage
whole tiles in each type shall be tested. of the size for square tiles. Warpage is expressed as a
c) For tiles with area, A > 0.36 m2, five whole tiles in percentage of the length of the diagonal.
each type shall be tested.
6.5.3 Measurements for tiles with spacer lugs shall be
expressed in mm.
6.4 Procedure
6.6 Test Report
6.4.1 For Tiles Larger than 40 mm × 40 mm
The test report shall contain the following:
6.4.1.1 Select an apparatus of the appropriate size and
a) Description of the tiles;
place the corresponding calibrating plate exactly into
positions on top of the three accurately positioned b) All measurements of centre curvature;
studs. c) All measurements of edge curvature;
6.4.1.2 The centre of each stud is 10 mm from the side d) All measurements of warpage;
of the tile, and the two outer dial gauges are 10 mm e) Maximum centre curvature, in percentage, related
from the sides of the tile. to the diagonal calculated from work size;
f) Maximum edge curvature, in percentage, related
6.4.1.3 Adjust the three dial gauges to a suitable known
to the corresponding work size; and
value.
g) Maximum warpage, in percentage related to the
6.4.1.4 Remove the calibrating plate, place a tile diagonal calculated from work size.
on the apparatus with proper surface of the tile
downwards and record the three dial gauge reading 7 SURFACE QUALITY
in the center of the side. Rotate the tile, if square, to
obtain four measurements of each properties. Repeat 7.1 Surface Defects and Intentional Effects
this procedure for each tile. In the case of oblong tiles, 7.1.1 Criteria for assessing the surface quality of glazed,
use separate instruments of the appropriate dimensions. engobed and unglazed tiles are as follows:
Record the maximum centre curvature, edge curvature
and warpage for each tile. Measure to an accuracy of a) Cracks,
0.1 mm. b) Crazing,
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ANNEX A
( Foreword )
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee, CED 05
Organization Representative(s)
In Personal Capacity (L/109, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi) Shri Ashok Khurana (Chairman)
Ardex Endura India Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru Shri K. P. Paulson
Shri Gopinath Krishnan (Alternate)
Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council, Shri S. K. Gupta
New Delhi Shri Pankaj Gupta (Alternate)
Carborundum Universal Limited, Chennai Shri R. Rajagopalan
Dr N. Ramasubramanian (Alternate)
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi Shri Rajesh Kumar Kaushal
Shri Arun Kumar Tyagi (Alternate)
CSIR − Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee Shri S. K. Singh
Shri Achal Kumar Mittal (Alternate)
CSIR − Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Dr Satyendra Nath Misra
Kolkata
CSIR − Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi Dr Rakesh Kumar
Choksi Laboratories Limited, Indore Shri R. D. Mathur
Shri Ramesh Basappa (Alternate)
Construction Chemicals Manufacturers Association, Shri Upen Patel
Navi Mumbai Shri Samir Surlaker (Alternate)
Construction Industry Development Council, Shri P. R. Swarup
New Delhi Shri Ravi Jain (Alternate)
Delhi Development Authority, New Delhi Chief Engineer (Dwk)
Superintending Engineer (P) (Alternate)
Directorate General of Border Roads, New Delhi Col Indra Kumar Jaggi
Engineers India Limited, New Delhi Shri J. K. Bhagchandani
Shri Akhilesh Maurya (Alternate)
Gyan Construction Company, Mumbai Representative
H. R. Johnson (India) Limited, Dewas Shri Arun Rao
Indian Council of Ceramic Tiles & Sanitaryware, Shri Arun Rao
New Delhi Shri P. K. Sharma (Alternate)
Institution of Engineers (India), New Delhi Shri K. K. Kapila
Lloyd Insulation (India) Pvt Limited, New Delhi Shri Mohit Khanna
Shri K. K. Mitra (Alternate)
Mapie Construction Products India Pvt Ltd, Dr G. S. Ravi Shankar
Bengaluru Shri Abhijit Dutta (Alternate)
Military Engineer Services, Engineer-in-Chief’s Shrimati Mala Mohan
Branch, New Delhi Shrimati Namrata Kohli (Alternate)
Modern Tiles & Marble, New Delhi Shri Subhash Kapoor
Shri Kameswar Rau (Alternate)
Morbi Dhuva Glaze Tiles Association, Morbi Shri Nilesh Jetparia
Shri Jeram Madhav Kavar (Alternate)
Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai Representative
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Organization Representative(s)
MYK Laticrete India, Hyderabad Dr P. Arjunan
Shri N. Radhakanth (Alternate)
National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Dr S. K. Breja
Ballabgarh
National Highways Authority of India, New Delhi Shri S. C. Jindal
Shri R. P. Khandelwal (Alternate)
National Test House, Kolkata Shri D. V. S. Prasad
Shri Aloke Dev (Alternate)
National Tiles Corporation, Panchkula Shri Prem Chand Gupta
Shri S. R. Garg (Alternate)
New Delhi Municipal Corporation, New Delhi Representative
Premier Polyfilm Limited, Ghaziabad Dr Sanjeev K. Verma
Shri R. K. Narad (Alternate)
Research, Designs and Standards Organization, Executive Director (Works)
Ministry of Railways, Lucknow Shri Ashutosh Kumar (Alternate)
Responsive Industries Limited, Mumbai Shri Rishabh Agarwal
Shri Abhishek Agarwal (Alternate)
Shriram Institute of Industrial Research, New Delhi Dr P. K. Kaicher
Dr Laxmi Rawat (Alternate)
Somany Ceramic Ltd, Bahadurgarh Shri G. G. Trivedi
Dr Ashutosh Goel (Alternate)
Super Tiles and Marble Private Limited, Mumbai Shri Ashok Rajpurohit
Shri Sudhakar Modi (Alternate)
Ultratech Cement Limited, Mumbai Shri B. Kumar
Xebec Design and Facilities Private Limited, Shri Deepak Gahlowt
New Delhi Shri Samir Banerji (Alternate)
BIS Directorate General Shri Sanjay Pant, Scientist ‘F’ and Head (Civil Engineering)
[Representing Director General (Ex-officio)]
Member Secretary
Shri Srikanth Yajjala
Scientist ‘C’ (Civil Engineering), BIS
and
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BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016 to promote harmonious
development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to
connected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without
the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the
standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to
copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: CED 05 (10832).