Ceramic Tiles - Methods of Test, Sampling and Basis For Acceptance

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भारतीय मानक IS 13630 (Part 1) : 2019


Indian Standard

सिरैमिक टाइलें — परिक्षण पद्धतियां,


नमूने लेने तथा स्वीकार्यता का आधार
भाग 1 आयाम एवं सतह की गुणता ज्ञात करना
(  दसू रा पनु रीक्षण )

Ceramic Tiles — Methods of Test,


Sampling and Basis for Acceptance
Part 1 Determination of Dimensions and
Surface Quality
( Second Revision )

ICS 91.100.23

© BIS 2019

भारतीय मानक ब्रयू ो


B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S TA N D A R D S
मानक भवन, 9 बहादरु शाह ज़फर मार्ग, नई िदल्ली – 110002
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI-110002
         www.bis.gov.in  
www.standardsbis.in

May 2019  Price Group 5


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Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee, CED 05

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 1) (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil
Engineering Division Council.
This standard (Part 1) was first published in 1993 and subsequently revised in 2006. This second revision
incorporates the experience gained with the use of this standard and brings the standard in line with the latest
developments in this field.
The following significant modification incorporated in this revision:
a) A graded sample size has been introduced to meet the requirements of large format tiles.
This Indian Standard is published in several parts. The other parts in this series are:
Part 2 Determination of water absorption and bulk density
Part 3 Determination of moisture expansion using boiling water
Part 4 Determination of linear thermal expansion
Part 5 Determination of resistance to thermal shock
Part 6 Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength
Part 7 Determination of stain and chemical resistance of unglazed tiles
Part 8 Determination of stain and chemical resistance of glazed tiles
Part 9 Determination of crazing resistance of glazed tiles
Part 10 Determination of frost resistance
Part 11 Determination of resistance to surface abrasion of glazed tiles
Part 12 Determination of resistance to deep abrasion of unglazed tiles
Part 13 Determination of scratch hardness of surface according to Mohs’ scale
Part 14 Determination of impact resistance by measurement of coefficient of restitution
Part 15 Sampling and basis for acceptance
Part 16 Determinations of lead and cadmium given off by glazed tiles
In the formulation of this standard considerable assistance has been derived from the ISO 10545-2 : 1995
‘Ceramic tiles — Part 2: Determination of dimensions and surface quality’.
The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex A.
In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or
calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical
values ( revised )’.
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IS 13630 (Part 1) : 2019

Indian Standard
CERAMIC TILES — METHODS OF TEST,
SAMPLING AND BASIS FOR ACCEPTANCE
PART 1 DETERMINATION OF DIMENSIONS AND SURFACE QUALITY
( Second Revision )
1 SCOPE 2.5 Test Report
The test report shall contain the following:
1.1 This standard (Part  1) covers methods for
determining the dimensional characteristics (length, a) Description of the tiles;
width, thickness, straightness of sides, rectangularity, b) All measurements of length and width;
surface flatness) and the surface quality of all ceramic c) Average size of each test specimen for square
tiles. tiles; and the average length and width for each
1.2 Tiles with area less than 400 mm2 are excluded from oblong tile;
measurements of length, width, thickness, straightness d) Average size of all test specimens for square tiles
of sides, rectangularity, and surface flatness. and the average length and width of oblong tiles;
e) Deviation in percent of the average size of each
1.3 Spacer lugs, glaze bobs and other irregularities
tile (2 or 4 sides) from the work size; and
of the sides shall be ignored when measuring length,
width, and straightness of sides, rectangularity if f) Deviation in percent of the average size of each
these are subsequently hidden in the joints after tile (2 or 4 sides) from the average size of the all
fixing. test specimens.

2 MEASUREMENTS OF LENGTH AND 3 MEASUREMENTS OF THICKNESS


WIDTH
3.1 Apparatus
2.1 Apparatus Micrometer screw gauge with anvils of 5 mm to 10 mm
Vernier calipers or other suitable apparatus for linear diameter, or other suitable apparatus.
measurement. 3.2 Test Specimens
2.2 Test Specimens a) For tiles with area, A ≤ 0.09 m2, ten whole tiles in
a) For tiles with area, A ≤ 0.09 m2, ten whole tiles in each type shall be tested.
each type shall be tested. b) For tiles with area, 0.09 m2 < A ≤ 0.36 m2, seven
b) For tiles with area, 0.09 m2 < A ≤ 0.36 m2, seven whole tiles in each type shall be tested.
whole tiles in each type shall be tested. c) For tiles with area, A > 0.36 m2, five whole tiles in
c) For tiles with area, A > 0.36 m2, five whole tiles in each type shall be tested.
each type shall be tested. 3.3 Procedure
2.3 Procedure a) Titles with area, A ≤ 0.09 m2 — All tiles except
Measure each side of the tile under test at positions split tiles, draw diagonals between the corners and
5 mm from the corners. Measurements shall be made to measure the thickness at the thickest point within
the nearest 0.1 mm. each of the four segments. Measure the thickness
of each tile under test in four positions to an
2.4 Expression of Results accuracy of 0.1 mm.
The average dimension of square tiles is the average b) Titles with area, 0.09 m2 < A ≤ 0.36 m2 — All tiles
of four measurements. The average dimension of except split tiles, divide the tile into six equal
the sample is the average of all the measurements. parts and measure the thickness at the thickest
For oblong tiles, each similar pair of sides of a tile point within each of the six segments. Measure the
provides the appropriate average dimension of the thickness of each tile under test in six positions to
tile, an average of two measurements. The average an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
dimensions for length and width are the average of all c) Titles with area, A > 0.36 m2 — All tiles except
the measurements separately. split tiles, divide the tile into nine equal parts and

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measure the thickness at the thickest point within d) Deviation in percent of the average thickness of
each of the nine segments. Measure the thickness each tile from the work size thickness.
of each tile under test in nine positions to an
accuracy of 0.1 mm. 4 MEASUREMENTS OF STRAIGHTNESS OF
SIDES
For split tiles, draw four lines at right angles across
the extruded projections at distance of 1/8, 3/8, 5/8, 4.1 Terminology
7/8 of the length measured from the end. Measure the
thickness at the thickest point on each line. For the purpose of measurement of straightness of
ceramic tiles according to this standard, the following
3.4 Expression of Results definitions shall apply.
For all tiles the average thickness of each individual tile is 4.1.1 Straightness of Sides — Defined as the deviation
the average of four measurements. The average thickness from straightness of the centre of the side in the plane
of the sample is the average of all measurements. of the tile. The measurement is only relevant to the
3.5 Test Report straight sides of tiles (see Fig. 3).
The test report shall contain the following: 4.2 Apparatus
a) Description of the tiles; 4.2.1 An apparatus as shown in Fig. 1, or other suitable
b) All measurements of thickness; apparatus such as steel square. The dial gauge (A) is
c) Average thickness of each test specimen; and used for measuring the straightness of sides.

Fig. 1 Apparatus for Measurement of Straightness of Sides and Rectangularity

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4.2.2 A calibrating plate, made of steel/aluminium of 5.2 Apparatus


accurate dimensions and with straight flat sides.
5.2.1 An apparatus as shown in Fig.1, or other suitable
4.3 Test Specimens apparatus such as steel square. The dial gauge (B) is
a) For tiles with area, A ≤ 0.09 m2, ten whole tiles in used for measuring the rectangularity of sides.
each type shall be tested. 5.2.2 A calibrating plate, made of steel/aluminium of
b) For tiles with area, 0.09 m2 <A ≤ 0.36 m2, seven accurate dimensions and with straight flat sides.
whole tiles in each type shall be tested.
5.3 Test Specimens
c) For tiles with area, A > 0.36 m2, five whole tiles in
each type shall be tested. a) For tiles with area, A ≤ 0.09 m2, ten whole tiles in
each type shall be tested.
4.4 Procedure
b) For tiles with area, 0.09 m2 <A ≤ 0.36 m2, seven
4.4.1 Select an apparatus of the appropriate dimensions whole tiles in each type shall be tested.
so that, when a tile is placed in the apparatus, the c) For tiles with area, A > 0.36 m2, five whole tiles in
locating studs are 5 mm from the each corner of the each type shall be tested.
side being measured.
5.4 Procedure
4.4.2 Fit the appropriate calibrating plate exactly into
position in the instrument and adjust the dial gauge 5.4.1 Select an apparatus of the appropriate dimensions
reading to a suitable known value. so that, when a tile is placed in the apparatus, the
locating studs are 5 mm from the each corner of the
4.4.3 Remove the calibrating plate, place the proper side being measured. The plunger of the dial gauge (B)
surface of the tile on the locating studs in the apparatus shall also be 5 mm from the corner of the tile on the
and record the dial gauge reading in the center of side being measured.
the side. Rotate the tile, if square, to obtain four
measurements. Repeat this procedure for each tile. In 5.4.2 Fit the appropriate calibrating plate exactly into
the case of oblong tiles, use separate instruments of the position in the instrument and adjust the dial gauge
appropriate dimensions to measure lengths and width. reading to a suitable known value.
Measure to an accuracy of 0.1 mm. 5.4.3 Remove the calibrating plate, place the proper
4.5 Test Report surface of the tile on the locating studs in the apparatus
and record the dial gauge reading 5 mm from the corner.
The test report shall contain the following: Rotate the tile, if square, to obtain four measurements.
a) Description of the tiles; Repeat this procedure for each tile. In the case of
b) All measurements of straightness of sides; and oblong tiles, use separate instruments of the appropriate
dimensions to measure lengths and width. Measure to
c) Maximum deviation from straightness in percent,
an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
related to the corresponding work sizes.
5.5 Expression of Results
5 MEASUREMENT OF RECTANGULARITY
Rectangularity shall be expressed as a percentage of
5.1 Terminology the length and width for oblong tiles; and the size for
square tiles.
For the purpose of measurement of rectangularity of
ceramic tiles according to this standard, the following 5.6 Test Report
definition shall apply.
The test report shall contain the following:
5.1.1 Deviation from Rectangularity — If a corner
a) Description of the tiles;
of the tile is placed against the angle of an accurate
calibrating plate (see Fig. 4), deviation in percent from b) All measurements of rectangularity; and
rectangularity is defined as: c) Maximum deviation from rectangularity in
percent, related to the corresponding work sizes.
δ
× 100 6 MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE FLATNESS
L
(CURVATURE AND WARPAGE)
where
L = length of the adjacent sides of the tile, and 6.1 Terminology
δ = deviation of the outer corner of the side of the For the purpose of measurement of surface flatness
tile (measured 5 mm from the corner) from the (curvature and warpage) of ceramic tiles according to
inner side of the calibrating plate. this standard, the following definitions shall apply.

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IS 13630 (Part 1) : 2019

6.1.1 Surface Flatness 6.1.4 Warpage


Defined by measurements in three positions on the The departure of the fourth corner of a tile from the
surface of tiles. Tiles that have relief on the proper plane in which three of the four corners lie. (see Fig. 7)
surface preventing measurements on that surface shall,
where possible, be measured on the back. 6.2 Apparatus
6.2.1 For tiles larger than 40 mm × 40 mm the apparatus
6.1.2 Centre Curvature given in 6.2.1.1 and 6.2.1.2 shall be used.
The departure of the centre of a tile from the plane in 6.2.1.1 An apparatus as shown in Fig. 2, or any other
which three of the four corners lie (see Fig. 5). suitable instrument. Although only one dial gauge is
shown in the figure, there are three on the instrument,
6.1.3 Edge Curvature located at the centre of one side, at the centre of the tile
and at one corner. To measure smooth-surfaced tiles the
The departure of the centre of one edge of a tile from support studs are 5 mm in diameter. In order to obtain
the plane in which three of the four corners lie (see meaningful results for other tile surfaces, suitable
Fig. 6). support studs shall be used.

Fig. 2 Apparatus for Measurement of Surface Flatness

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Fig. 3 Straightness of Sides; Deviation from Straightness (c/L)

Fig. 4 Rectangularity; Deviation from Rectangularity (δ/L)

Fig 5 Center Curvature (∆c/D)

Fig 6: Edge Curvature (∆s/L)

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Fig 7: Warpage (∆w/D)

6.2.1.2 True flat calibrating plate of metal or glass 6.4.2 For Tile Dimension of 40 mm × 40 mm or Less
and at least 10 mm thick for the apparatus described
in 6.2.1.1. 6.4.2.1 In order to measure edge curvature, place
a straightedge across the edges and measure the gap
6.2.2 For tiles of dimensions 40 mm × 40 mm or less under the straightedge by means of the feeler gauges.
the apparatus given in 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2 shall be used. Determine centre curvature in the same manner but
along diagonals.
6.2.2.1 Metal straightedge
6.4.2.2 There shall be no warpage measurements.
6.2.2.2 Thickness feeler gauges 6.5 Expression of Results
6.3 Test Specimens 6.5.1 Centre curvature is expressed as a percentage of
a) For tiles with area, A ≤ 0.09 m , ten whole tiles in
2 the length of the diagonal.
each type shall be tested. 6.5.2 Edge curvature is expressed as percentage of
b) For tiles with area, 0.09 m2 < A ≤ 0.36 m2, seven the length and width, for oblong tiles and percentage
whole tiles in each type shall be tested. of the size for square tiles. Warpage is expressed as a
c) For tiles with area, A > 0.36 m2, five whole tiles in percentage of the length of the diagonal.
each type shall be tested.
6.5.3 Measurements for tiles with spacer lugs shall be
expressed in mm.
6.4 Procedure
6.6 Test Report
6.4.1 For Tiles Larger than 40 mm × 40 mm
The test report shall contain the following:
6.4.1.1 Select an apparatus of the appropriate size and
a) Description of the tiles;
place the corresponding calibrating plate exactly into
positions on top of the three accurately positioned b) All measurements of centre curvature;
studs. c) All measurements of edge curvature;
6.4.1.2 The centre of each stud is 10 mm from the side d) All measurements of warpage;
of the tile, and the two outer dial gauges are 10 mm e) Maximum centre curvature, in percentage, related
from the sides of the tile. to the diagonal calculated from work size;
f) Maximum edge curvature, in percentage, related
6.4.1.3 Adjust the three dial gauges to a suitable known
to the corresponding work size; and
value.
g) Maximum warpage, in percentage related to the
6.4.1.4 Remove the calibrating plate, place a tile diagonal calculated from work size.
on the apparatus with proper surface of the tile
downwards and record the three dial gauge reading 7 SURFACE QUALITY
in the center of the side. Rotate the tile, if square, to
obtain four measurements of each properties. Repeat 7.1 Surface Defects and Intentional Effects
this procedure for each tile. In the case of oblong tiles, 7.1.1 Criteria for assessing the surface quality of glazed,
use separate instruments of the appropriate dimensions. engobed and unglazed tiles are as follows:
Record the maximum centre curvature, edge curvature
and warpage for each tile. Measure to an accuracy of a) Cracks,
0.1 mm. b) Crazing,

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c) Short glazing, 7.4 Procedure


d) Unevenness, 7.4.1 Place the tiles with the proper surface under
e) Depressions, observation so that they can be viewed normally at a
f) Holes, distance of 1 m. Illuminate them with an even light
g) Glaze devitrification, intensity of 300 lux at the surface of the tiles and check
the light intensity at the centre and each corner of the
h) Specks and spots, area of tiles under test.
j) Under glaze faults,
7.4.2 View the tiles with naked eye (with the aid of a
k) Decorating faults,
spectacle, if usually worn).
m) Shading,
n) Nipped edges, and 7.4.3 Preparation of the test area and the viewing of the
test shall not be performed by the same person.
p) Nipped corners.
7.4.4 Intentional effects in the surface shall not be
7.1.2 In order to judge whether an intentional decorative
regarded as defects.
effect is acceptable or is a defect; see the relevant
clause of the product standard. Cracks, nipped edges 7.5 Expression of Results
and nipped corners cannot be intentional effects.
Surface quality is expressed as the percentage of tiles
7.2 Apparatus without defects.

7.2.1 Fluorescent Lighting of Colour Temperature 7.6 Test Report


6 000 K to 6 500 K The test report shall contain the following:
7.2.2 Meter Rule or Other Suitable Means of Measuring a) Description of the tiles;
Distance b) Number of tiles tested including the area of tiles
tested;
7.2.3 Light Meter
c) Assessment criteria used; and
7.3 Test Specimens d) Percentage of tiles without defects.
At least 2 m2 with a minimum of 4 tiles shall be tested.

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ANNEX A
( Foreword )
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee, CED 05
Organization Representative(s)
In Personal Capacity (L/109, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi) Shri Ashok Khurana (Chairman)
Ardex Endura India Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru Shri K. P. Paulson
Shri Gopinath Krishnan (Alternate)
Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council, Shri S. K. Gupta
New Delhi Shri Pankaj Gupta (Alternate)
Carborundum Universal Limited, Chennai Shri R. Rajagopalan
Dr N. Ramasubramanian (Alternate)
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi Shri Rajesh Kumar Kaushal
Shri Arun Kumar Tyagi (Alternate)
CSIR − Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee Shri S. K. Singh
Shri Achal Kumar Mittal (Alternate)
CSIR − Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Dr Satyendra Nath Misra
Kolkata
CSIR − Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi Dr Rakesh Kumar
Choksi Laboratories Limited, Indore Shri R. D. Mathur
Shri Ramesh Basappa (Alternate)
Construction Chemicals Manufacturers Association, Shri Upen Patel
Navi Mumbai Shri Samir Surlaker (Alternate)
Construction Industry Development Council, Shri P. R. Swarup
New Delhi Shri Ravi Jain (Alternate)
Delhi Development Authority, New Delhi Chief Engineer (Dwk)
Superintending Engineer (P) (Alternate)
Directorate General of Border Roads, New Delhi Col Indra Kumar Jaggi
Engineers India Limited, New Delhi Shri J. K. Bhagchandani
Shri Akhilesh Maurya (Alternate)
Gyan Construction Company, Mumbai Representative
H. R. Johnson (India) Limited, Dewas Shri Arun Rao
Indian Council of Ceramic Tiles & Sanitaryware, Shri Arun Rao
New Delhi Shri P. K. Sharma (Alternate)
Institution of Engineers (India), New Delhi Shri K. K. Kapila
Lloyd Insulation (India) Pvt Limited, New Delhi Shri Mohit Khanna
Shri K. K. Mitra (Alternate)
Mapie Construction Products India Pvt Ltd, Dr G. S. Ravi Shankar
Bengaluru Shri Abhijit Dutta (Alternate)
Military Engineer Services, Engineer-in-Chief’s Shrimati Mala Mohan
Branch, New Delhi Shrimati Namrata Kohli (Alternate)
Modern Tiles & Marble, New Delhi Shri Subhash Kapoor
Shri Kameswar Rau (Alternate)
Morbi Dhuva Glaze Tiles Association, Morbi Shri Nilesh Jetparia
Shri Jeram Madhav Kavar (Alternate)
Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai Representative

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Organization Representative(s)
MYK Laticrete India, Hyderabad Dr P. Arjunan
Shri N. Radhakanth (Alternate)
National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Dr S. K. Breja
Ballabgarh
National Highways Authority of India, New Delhi Shri S. C. Jindal
Shri R. P. Khandelwal (Alternate)
National Test House, Kolkata Shri D. V. S. Prasad
Shri Aloke Dev (Alternate)
National Tiles Corporation, Panchkula Shri Prem Chand Gupta
Shri S. R. Garg (Alternate)
New Delhi Municipal Corporation, New Delhi Representative
Premier Polyfilm Limited, Ghaziabad Dr Sanjeev K. Verma
Shri R. K. Narad (Alternate)
Research, Designs and Standards Organization, Executive Director (Works)
Ministry of Railways, Lucknow Shri Ashutosh Kumar (Alternate)
Responsive Industries Limited, Mumbai Shri Rishabh Agarwal
Shri Abhishek Agarwal (Alternate)
Shriram Institute of Industrial Research, New Delhi Dr P. K. Kaicher
Dr Laxmi Rawat (Alternate)
Somany Ceramic Ltd, Bahadurgarh Shri G. G. Trivedi
Dr Ashutosh Goel (Alternate)
Super Tiles and Marble Private Limited, Mumbai Shri Ashok Rajpurohit
Shri Sudhakar Modi (Alternate)
Ultratech Cement Limited, Mumbai Shri B. Kumar
Xebec Design and Facilities Private Limited, Shri Deepak Gahlowt
New Delhi Shri Samir Banerji (Alternate)
BIS Directorate General Shri Sanjay Pant, Scientist ‘F’ and Head (Civil Engineering)
[Representing Director General (Ex-officio)]

Member Secretary
Shri Srikanth Yajjala
Scientist ‘C’ (Civil Engineering), BIS

and

Shri Milind Gupta


Scientist ‘C’ (Civil Engineering), BIS

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Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016 to promote harmonious
development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to
connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without
the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the
standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to
copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: CED 05 (10832).

Amendments Issued Since Publication


Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS


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