Detective Analysis
Detective Analysis
Before trying to match the statements to the company, take 20-30 minutes to consider whether
each company would have higher/lower percentages of:
• Cash and Marketable Securities
• Accounts Receivable
• Inventory
• Property, Plant and Equipment
• Long-Term Debt
• Research and Development
• Intangible Assets (patents, trademarks, goodwill, rights, etc.)
• Deferred Revenue (when the company is paid in advance of the sale)
• Multiple Revenue Streams
Page 1
Company Descriptions
Amazon:
Amazon (NASDAQ: AMZN) seeks to be Earth’s most customer-centric company. We are guided
by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention,
commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. In each of our segments, we serve
our primary customer sets, consisting of consumers, sellers, developers, enterprises, and content
creators. In addition, we provide services, such as advertising.
We have organized our operations into three segments: North America, International, and
Amazon Web Services (“AWS”). These segments reflect the way the Company evaluates its
business performance and manages its operations.
We serve consumers through our online and physical stores and focus on selection, price, and
convenience.
Bank of America:
Bank of America (NYSE: BAC) is one of the world’s leading financial institutions, serving individual
consumers, small and middle-market businesses and large corporations with a full range of
banking, investing, asset management and other financial and risk management products and
services.
As of December 31, 2020, we served clients through operations across the U.S., its territories
and approximately 35 countries. Our retail banking footprint covers all major markets in the U.S.,
and we serve approximately 66 million consumer and small business clients with approximately
4,300 retail financial centers, approximately 17,000 ATMs, and leading digital banking platforms
(www.bankofamerica.com) with more than 39 million active users, including approximately 31
million active mobile users. We offer industry-leading support to approximately three million small
business households. Our GWIM businesses, with client balances of $3.3 trillion, provide tailored
solutions to meet client needs through a full set of investment management, brokerage, banking,
trust and retirement products. We are a global leader in corporate and investment banking and
trading across a broad range of asset classes serving corporations, governments, institutions and
individuals around the world.
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Facebook:
Founded in 2004, Facebook’s (NASDAQ: FB) mission is to give people the power to build
community and bring the world closer together.
We build useful and engaging products that enable people to connect and share with friends and
family through mobile devices, personal computers, virtual reality headsets, and in-home devices.
We also help people discover and learn about what is going on in the world around them, enable
people to share their opinions, ideas, photos and videos, and other activities with audiences
ranging from their closest family members and friends to the public at large, and stay connected
everywhere by accessing our products, including: Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, WhatsApp,
Facebook Reality Labs.
Microsoft:
Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT) is a technology company whose mission is to empower every person
and every organization on the planet to achieve more. We strive to create local opportunity,
growth, and impact in every country around the world. Our platforms and tools help drive small
business productivity, large business competitiveness, and public-sector efficiency. They also
support new startups, improve educational and health outcomes, and empower human ingenuity.
Founded in 1975, we develop and support software, services, devices, and solutions that deliver
new value for customers and help people and businesses realize their full potential.
We offer an array of services, including cloud-based solutions that provide customers with
software, services, platforms, and content, and we provide solution support and consulting
services. We also deliver relevant online advertising to a global audience.
Southwest Airlines:
Southwest Airlines Co. (NYSE: LUV) operates Southwest Airlines, a major passenger airline that
provides scheduled air transportation in the United States and near-international markets.
Southwest commenced service on June 18, 1971, with three Boeing 737 aircraft serving three
Texas cities: Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio.
At December 31, 2020, Southwest had a total of 718 Boeing 737 aircraft in its fleet and 107
destinations in 40 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and ten
near-international countries: Mexico, Jamaica, The Bahamas, Aruba, Dominican Republic, Costa
Rica, Belize, Cuba, the Cayman Islands, and Turks and Caicos.
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Starbucks:
Starbucks is the premier roaster, marketer, and retailer of specialty coffee in the world, operating
in 78 markets. Formed in 1985, Starbucks Corporation’s common stock trades on the NASDAQ
Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “SBUX.” We purchase and roast high-quality
coffees that we sell, along with handcrafted coffee, tea and other beverages and a variety of high-
quality food items through company-operated stores. We also sell a variety of coffee and tea
products and license our trademarks through other channels such as licensed stores, grocery,
and foodservice through our Global Coffee Alliance with Nestlé S. A. (“Nestlé”). In addition to our
flagship Starbucks Coffee brand, we sell goods and services under the following brands:
Teavana, Seattle’s Best Coffee, Evolution Fresh, Ethos, Starbucks Reserve and Princi.
Our objective is to maintain Starbucks standing as one of the most recognized and respected
brands in the world. To achieve this, we are continuing the disciplined expansion of our global
store base, adding stores in both existing, developed markets such as the U.S. and in newer,
higher growth markets such as China, as well as optimizing the mix of company-operated and
licensed stores around the world. In addition, by leveraging the experience gained through our
traditional store model, we continue to offer consumers new coffee and other products in a variety
of forms, across new categories, diverse channels and alternative store formats.
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Financial Statements
Page 5
Fiscal Year 2020
Common Size Balance Sheet
(expressed as % of total assets) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Cash and Cash Equivalents 11% 32% 13% 5% 13% 7% 15%
Short Term Investments 28% 7% 13% 41% 0% 1%
Accounts Receivable 7% 3% 8% 11% 5% 3%
Financial Assets 20%
Loans and Leases Receivable 57%
Inventory 7% 1% 7% 5%
Other Current Assets 1% 2% 4% 1% 3%
Total Current Assets 47% 44% 41% 60% 90% 19% 27%
Property Plant and Equipment 29% 46% 35% 15% 0% 19% 21%
Operating Lease Assets 6% 5% 12% 3% 28%
Goodwill 12% 3% 5% 14% 2% 32% 12%
Intangible Assets 0% 2% 27% 2%
Other Non Current Assets 6% 2% 7% 5% 7% 2% 10%
Total Assets 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Accounts Payable 1% 3% 23% 4% 8% 3%
Accrued Expenses and Other Payables 8% 17% 14% 3% 6% 7% 7%
Deposits 64%
Short-Term Debt and Current Portion of LTD 1% 1% 1% 10% 6%
Current Operating Lease Liabilities 1% 1% 4%
Financial Obligations 10%
Current Portion of Unearned Revenue 0% 3% 12% 5%
Other Current Liabilities 3%
Total Current Liabilities 9% 22% 39% 24% 81% 25% 25%
Non-Current Operating Lease Liabilities 6% 5% 16% 3% 26%
Non-Current Portion of Unearned Revenue 1% 22%
Long-Term Debt 29% 10% 20% 9% 40% 50%
Long-Term and Deferred Income Taxes 5% 10% 7%
Other Non-Current Liabilities 4% 14% 5% 4% 7% 3%
Total Liabilities 19% 74% 71% 61% 90% 79% 127%
Contributed Capital 31% 15% 13% 27% 4% 3% 1%
Treasury Stock -31% -1% -8%
Retained Earnings 49% 43% 16% 11% 6% 26% -27%
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% -1%
Total Shareholders' Equity 81% 26% 29% 39% 10% 21% -27%
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Page 6
Fiscal Year 2020
Income Statement
(in $ millions) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Revenue 1 85,965 7,665 215,915 68,041 51,585 8,691 19,164
Revenue 2 161 170,149 74,974 42,168 2,327
Revenue 3 1,222 2,026
Net Revenue 85,965 9,048 386,064 143,015 93,753 8,691 23,518
Cost of Goods/Services Sold 1 16,692 16,017 5,692
233,307 50,215
Cost of Goods/Services Sold 2 9,683 30,061 7,695
Cost of Goods/Services Sold 3
Total COS 16,692 9,683 233,307 46,078 50,215 5,692 7,695
Research and Development 18,447 42,740 19,269 93
Fulfillment 58,517
Marketing and Sales 11,591 22,008 19,598 1,701 947
General and Administrative 6,564 6,668 5,111 622 1,680
Depreciation and Amortization 1,255 1,431
Provision for Credit Losses 11,320
Other Operating Expenses 1,926 (75) - 3,297 230 11,151
Operating Income 32,671 (3,816) 22,899 52,959 27,220 1,107 1,562
Net Interest Expense (Revenue) (509) 282 1,092 8,225 341 397
Other Expense (Income) - 158 (2,387) (77) (1,036)
Net Income Before Taxes 33,180 (4,256) 24,194 53,036 18,995 1,802 1,164
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) 4,034 (1,182) 2,863 8,755 1,101 174 240
Net Income 29,146 (3,074) 21,331 44,281 17,894 1,628 925
Dividends - 188 - 15,137 7,727 426 1,924
Page 7
Financial Statement Ratios
Current Assets/Current Liabilities 4.40 0.67 1.10 2.53 1.12 0.58 0.92
Operating Income/Interest Expense 18.93 2.47 2.77 17.39
Total Liabilities/Total Assets 0.24 0.62 0.72 0.64 0.89 0.92 1.32
Total Liabilities/Shareholders' Equity 0.32 1.63 2.63 1.80 8.19 10.82 -4.08
Accounts Payable Turnover 11.70 10.18 3.96 4.70 7.10 7.31
Days to Pay Supplier 31.20 35.84 92.27 77.64 51.43 49.95
Current Assets/Current Liabilities 5.05 2.02 1.05 2.52 1.11 0.78 1.06
Operating Income/Interest Expense -13.53 20.97 3.31 3.25 3.93
Total Liabilities/Total Assets 0.19 0.74 0.71 0.61 0.90 0.79 1.27
Total Liabilities/Shareholders' Equity 0.24 2.90 2.44 1.55 9.33 3.82 -4.77
Accounts Payable Turnover 12.39 7.73 3.95 4.19 6.12 7.06
Days to Pay Supplier 29.45 47.21 92.34 87.10 59.65 51.74
Page 8
FY2019 Financial Statements
Page 9
Fiscal Year 2019
Common Size Balance Sheet
(expressed as % of total assets) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Cash and Cash Equivalents 14% 10% 16% 4% 7% 0% 14%
Short Term Investments 27% 6% 8% 43% 0% 0%
Accounts Receivable 7% 4% 9% 10% 4% 5%
Financial Assets 23%
Loans and Leases Receivable 59%
Inventory 9% 1% 7% 8%
Other Current Assets 1% 3% 4% 4% 3%
Total Current Assets 50% 23% 43% 61% 89% 15% 29%
Property Plant and Equipment 26% 66% 32% 13% 0% 19% 33%
Operating Lease Assets 7% 5% 11% 3%
Goodwill 14% 4% 7% 15% 3% 31% 18%
Intangible Assets 1% 3% 26% 4%
Other Non Current Assets 2% 2% 7% 6% 8% 10% 15%
Total Assets 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Accounts Payable 1% 6% 21% 3% 6% 6%
Accrued Expenses and Other Payables 9% 24% 14% 4% 8% 6% 19%
Deposits 59%
Short-Term Debt and Current Portion of LTD 3% 2% 1% 10% 0%
Current Operating Lease Liabilities 1% 1%
Financial Obligations 12%
Current Portion of Unearned Revenue 0% 4% 11% 7%
Other Current Liabilities 3% 4%
Total Current Liabilities 11% 35% 39% 24% 79% 26% 32%
Non-Current Operating Lease Liabilities 7% 4% 18% 2%
Non-Current Portion of Unearned Revenue 2% 35%
Long-Term Debt 7% 10% 23% 10% 54% 58%
Long-Term and Deferred Income Taxes 10% 7%
Other Non-Current Liabilities 6% 17% 5% 3% 5% 7%
Total Liabilities 24% 62% 72% 64% 89% 92% 132%
Contributed Capital 34% 9% 15% 27% 5% 3% 0%
Treasury Stock -40% -1% -8%
Retained Earnings 42% 69% 14% 8% 6% 15% -30%
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% -1% -3%
Total Shareholders' Equity 76% 38% 28% 36% 11% 8% -32%
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Page 10
Fiscal Year 2019
Income Statement
(in $ millions) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Revenue 1 70,697 20,776 160,408 66,069 71,236 8,107 21,544
Revenue 2 172 120,114 59,774 42,353 2,875
Revenue 3 1,480 2,089
Net Revenue 70,697 22,428 280,522 125,843 113,589 8,107 26,509
Cost of Goods/Services Sold 1 12,770 16,273 5,414
165,536 47,570
Cost of Goods/Services Sold 2 15,226 26,637 8,527
Cost of Goods/Services Sold 3
Total COS 12,770 15,226 165,536 42,910 47,570 5,414 8,527
Research and Development 13,600 35,931 16,876 91
Fulfillment 40,232
Marketing and Sales 9,876 18,878 18,213 1,934 842
General and Administrative 10,465 5,203 4,885 610 1,824
Depreciation and Amortization 1,219 1,377
Provision for Credit Losses 3,590
Other Operating Expenses 3,026 201 - 5,396 171 10,702
Operating Income 23,986 2,957 14,541 42,959 55,099 979 4,078
Net Interest Expense (Revenue) (826) (8) 768 22,345 354 235
Other Expense (Income) - 8 (189) (729) 263 (623)
Net Income Before Taxes 24,812 2,957 13,962 43,688 32,754 362 4,466
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) 6,327 657 2,374 4,448 5,324 151 872
Net Income 18,485 2,300 11,588 39,240 27,430 211 3,595
Dividends - 372 - 13,811 5,934 423 1,761
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