CHAPTER 1: NUMBERS AND SETS

QUESTIONS METHODS
1. Express non-terminating recurring decimal 1. Let x=0.353535…..Equation 1
into fraction. 2. Multiple x with 100,
e.g. 0.35
¨ 100x=35.3535….Equation 2
Equation 2- Equation 1, then find x in the term
fraction.

2. Solve the exponential equation. 1. Express both sides of the equation with the
e.g. 8x=32 same base if possible,
(23)x=25
(If not possible take log both sides)
xln8=ln32
ln 32
x=
ln 8
2. Equate the exponents,
3x=5
3.Find x.
3. Solve the equation. 1. Find out the common index,(2x)
e.g. 22x-5 . 2X+4=0 2. Let y=common index(2x)
3. Substitute y into the equation
4. Solve the quadratic equation
5. Equate the exponents, the find x
4. Rationalize the denominator for the surd. 1. Multiply numerator and denominator with
1 conjugate surd,(√ 2-1)
e.g.
√2+1 2. Simplify
5. Express √ 59−24 √ 6 as p√ 2+q√ 3 where p, 1. Let √ 59−24 √ 6 = p√ 2+q√ 3
q are integers. 2. Square both sides of the equation
3. Compare both sides of the equation and
form another 2 equations in terms of p and q,
√ 59−24 √6 =2p2+3p2+2pq√ 6
2p2+3p2 =59…..equation 1
2pq=-24….equation2
4. Solve simultaneously for both equations
5. Find values of p and q

1 1. Apply the laws of logarithms

6. Express log2 25+log 2 3-2log 2 15 as a single
2 2. Simplify until a single logarithm is obtained.
logarithms
7. Solve the equation 1. Change the base of logarithm,
e.g. log 3 x -4log x 3 -3=0 4
log 2 x - -3=0
log 3 x
2. Multiply both sides of the equation with
log 3 x
 3. Solve the quadratic equation
4. Find x
8. Solve the equation 1. Since both sides the equation cannot be
e.g. 5x=8 expressed with the same base, therefore both
sides of the equation with log 10 ❑
2. Apply laws of logarithms
3. Find x
9. Find the set of values of x with satisfy the 1. Take log or ln both sides.
inequality. 2. Apply laws of logarithms
2 3. Find the range of x
e.g. ( )x<0.001
3 4. Write the range of x in the form of solution
set
10. Find the set of values of x which satisfy the 1. Find out the common index,(2x)
inequality 2. Let y=common index(2x)
e.g. 22x-5(2x)+6>0 3. Substitute y into the inequality
4. Solve the quadratic inequality
5. Draw number line
6. Find the range of x
7. Write the range of x in the form of solution
set
2 1. To transform the denominator into a real
11. Express in the form of a+bi
2+ 3i number, multiply both the numerator and
denominator by the complex conjugate 2-3i
2. Simplify in the form of a+bi
12. Given that 3-2i = (p+ qi)(5+i), find the 1. Solve the equation of the right hand side
values of p and q 2. Compare both sides of the equation
3. Equate the real parts,
3-2i=(5p-q) + (p+5q)i
3=5p-q…equation1
4. Equate the imaginary parts,
-2=p+5q…equation 2
5. Solve simultaneously for both equations
6. Find the values of p and q
13. Find √ 15+8 i in the form of a+ bi, where a, 1. Let √ 15+8 i= a+bi
b ∈R 1. Square both sides of the equation
3. Equate the imaginary parts,
15+8i=a2-b2+2abi
a2-b2=15….equation2
4. Equate the imaginary parts,
2ab=8….equation2
5. Solve simultaneously for both equations
6. Find the values of a and b.
7. Rewrite √ 15+8 i in the form of a+bi

14. Solve the simultaneously equation 1

1.Solve the equation of log 9 xy =
1 2
log 9 xy = and (log 3 x )(log 2 y )=-2
2
 1
2.Change the base of logarithm of log 9 xy =
2
until log 3 x +log 3 y =1 is obtained
3.Solve the log 3 x +log 3 y =1and (log 3 x )(log 2 y
)=-2 simultaneously
4. Get rid of y by forming quadratic equation in
terms of x
5. Find the values of x and y

15. Find the values of x and y for the equation 2+ 5i

1. Express in the form of a+bi
2+ 5i 1−i
e.g. = x+yi
1−i 2. Multiply both numerator and denominator
by the complex conjugate 1+i
3. compare both sides of the equation
4. Find the values of x and y
16. Find the square root of the complex 1. Let √ 8−6 i =a+bi
number. 2. Square both sides of the equation
e.g. 8-6i 3. Equate the real parts
4. Equate the imaginary parts
5. Solve simultaneously for both equations
6. Find the values of a and b
7. Rewrite √ 8−6 i in the form of a+bi
17. Find the modulus and argument of the 1. Find |z|=√ c , c=x2+y2
complex numbers. −1 y
e.g. z=3+4i 2. Find Arg. Z= tan ( ), determine which
x
quadrant is z.
- π <θ< π
1st, 2nd quadrant→+¿, 3rd,4th quadrant →−¿
3. Express the Arg. Z in the radian form.
a b 1. Substitute z1 and z2 into equation z1+z2=1
18. Given that z1 = and z2 = , where
1+ i 1+ 2i 2. Solve the equation z1+z2=1
a, b ∈ R, are two complex numbers such that 3. Equate the real parts
z1+z2=1, find the values of a and b 4. Equate the imaginary parts
By using these values of a and b, show on the 5. Find the values of a and b
Argand diagram, the points representing z1 a
6. Substitute the values a and b into z1 =
and z2. Find the distance between these two 1+ i
points. b
and z2 =
1+ 2i
7. Express z1 and z2 in the form of a+bi by
multiplying numerator and denominator by
the complex conjugate
8. Draw z1 and z2 on the Argand diagram
9. Find the distance between z1 and z2,
Distance=√ d , d=(x1-x2)2+(y1-y2)2
19. The complex number z1 and z2 are given by z2
1. Find
z1=5+I and z2=2-3i. Determine the modulus and z1
z2 z2
argument of . Determine also the values of 2. Express in the form of x+yi by
z1 z1
the real constantsα and β such that multiplying the numerator and denominator
α + iβ +3 z 1 by the complex conjugate
=2i
α −iβ +3 z 2
3. Find | zz 21| √ c
= , c=x2+y2

z2 −1 y
4. Find Arg = tan (determine which
z1 x
z2
quadrant is )
z1
z2
5. Express Arg in the radian form
z1
6. Substitute z1 and z2 into the equation
α + iβ +3 z 1
=2i
α −iβ +3 z 2
7. Solve the equation
8. Compare both sides of the equation
9. Equate the real parts
10. Equate the imaginary parts
11. Find the values of α and β
20. If z is a complex number such that |z|=1, 1. Let z= a+bi
1 1
find the real part of 2. Substitute z=a+bi into
1−z 1−z
1
3. Express in the form of a+bi by
1−z
multiplying the numerator and denominator
by the complex conjugate
4. Find |z|=1in terms of a and b
5. Form an equation in terms of a and b,
a2+b2=1….equation1
1
6. From (in the form complex number),
1−z
1 ( 1−a ) +bi
=
1−z ( 1−a )2 +b 2
Equate real parts
( 1−a )
7. Real part=
( 1−a )2 +b 2
8. Substitute the equation1 into the real part
9. Find the real part in the form of number

21. Determine the values of a if

√ 2+ai is a 1. Multiply
√ 2+ai by the complex conjugate
1+ √ 2 i 1+ √ 2 i
real number and find this real number 1-√ 2i
 2. Since
√ 2+ai is a real number, no imaginary
1+ √ 2 i
part, therefore equate the imaginary parts
equal to 0
3. Find the values of a
4. Equate the real parts
5. Substitute the value of a into the real parts
to find the real number
22. Prove the following Distributive Law 1. Prove the left-hand side of the equation by
A ∩( B ∪ C)=( A ∩ B)∪( A ∩C ) using basic definitions
LHS
= A∩(B∪C)
={ x : x ∈ A ∩(B ∪C) }
=¿
={ x : x ∈ Aand( x ∈ B∨x ∈C) }
={ x : ( x ∈ Aand x ∈ B )∨( x ∈ A∧x ∈C ) }
={x :( x ∈ A ∩ B)∨( x ∈ A ∩C)}
={x : x ∈( A ∩ B) ∪( A ∩C )}
=( A ∩ B)∪( A ∩ C)=RHS

23. Prove De Morgan’s First Law 1. Prove the left-hand side of the equation by
'
( A ∪ B ) =A ' ∩B ' using basic definitions
LHS
=( A ∪B )'
={ x : x ∈ ( A ∪ B )' }
={ x : x ∉( A ∪ B) }
={ x : x ∈ A ' andx ∈ B ' }
={ x : x ∈( A' ∩ B' ) }
=A’∩ B ' = RHS
24. Using definitions, show that, for any sets A, 1. Let x ∈ A ∩(B ∪ C)
B and C 2. Prove the left-hand sides of the equation by
using basic definitions( method is same as
Question 2)
3. Show x ∈ ( A ∩B ) ∪( A ∩ C), therefore
A ∩ ( B∪ C ) ⊂ ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A ∩C )
25. Using laws of algebra of sets, prove 1. Prove the left-hand side of the equation
' algebraically
( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A ∩ B ) =A
LHS
=( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A ∩B ' )
= A ∩(B ∪ B' )
= A ∩∅
=A=RHS
26. Using laws of algebra of sets, prove 1. Prove the left-hand side of the equation
A−( B ∪ C )=( A−B )−C algebraically
LHS
= A−( B ∪C )
= A ∩ ( B∪ C )'
= A ∩ ( B' ∩C ' )
=( A ∩ B' ) ∩ C '
=( A−B )−C=RHS