Informatization of higher education

E.I. Shangina N.M.Surnina

Department of information technologies and statistics Department of information technologies and statistics
USUE USUE
Yekaterinburg, Russia Yekaterinburg, Russia

Abstract— Among the main promising areas of development only a means of increasing the efficiency of intellectual human
of higher education, it is necessary to highlight the problem of activity, and therefore it is unacceptable to replace real
Informatization of education. In the new model of education physical phenomena only with a model representation of them
computer and computer technologies play a special role as a
on the computer screen. The fundamental principles of the
means of obtaining information, its processing and storage.
There should be a system of education that would allow any
activity of the concept of formation of the psyche created by
individual to quickly obtain all the necessary knowledge existing the writings of prominent psychologist of L. S. Vygotsky, S.
in the global information space. This becomes particularly L. Rubinstein, P. Y. Galperin, reveal the relationship of mental
relevant in connection with the transition to the "information and practical human activity: the psyche, consciousness, not
community". According to scientists, such a transition is planned only manifested, but also formed in the process of external
for Russia in 2050, for the USA and Japan – in 2020, for the human activity. If the primary images, ideas, concepts are
leading countries of Western Europe – in 2030. Currently, there external objects, then the primary for the psychological,
are numerous psychological and pedagogical aspects of mental actions are the external, material actions, and, most
computerization of education, allowing to apply them in the
importantly, the material itself is the subject, not other people.
practice of teaching various subjects. The article presents the
author's interpretation of mobile cloud learning (Mobile learning Using a computer cannot change the laws of formation of the
or M-Learning). This technology is the next stage of development psyche, consciousness, mental actions. Today, as a hundred
of E-Learning. Modern research shows that the introduction of years ago, a person, learning to count, first manipulates
mobile devices in education leads to important qualitative various objects (shifts sticks, bends his fingers), performing an
changes in educational practice. First, mobility-class boundaries external action, and only then these operations are performed
are "stretched" to the limits of wireless network reach. Secondly, in the mind. And immediately get the elements of mental
social interaction, i.e., to the traditional oral and written activity in the internal plan is impossible. Knowledge, skills
interaction is added to the data exchange, creating a shared and abilities can be acquired only within the framework of
resource telecommunications projects, etc. third, the
individualization of the educational trajectory, pace, and
their own practical experience, because education is not the
intensity of training. Fourth, susceptibility to educational space. translation of information and not even so much an appeal to
Fifth, connectivity, creating a universal environment of network the human intellect, as an appeal to the feelings, to the
interaction, binding. Sixth, the creation of interfaces between the individual and unique world of man, to his worldview.
physical and digital worlds using sensors, sensors, GIS, etc. Therefore, the question of the whole multidimensional and
Disclosed methods and learning principles considered by the multifactorial problem of Informatization of education is
pedagogical system model of mobile cloud learning, the results of relevant. It should be noted here that the very idea of the
the experiment on introduction of the components of mobile information paradigm of education has already led to negative
cloud learning. Theoretical studies are verified. It is shown that
consequences. Nevertheless, the rational use of computers in
the proportion of students willing to learn through the mobile-
cloud using a wireless access increases and these technologies are the learning process is effective and fills the activities of the
effective. teacher with new content, allows to individualize and
Keywords—mobility, mobile cloud learning, mobile education. differentiate the learning process, stimulate cognitive activity
and independence of students.
I. INTRODUCTION II. EFFICIENT USE OF COMPUTERS NOWADAYS
The Informatization of society in all spheres of public life, In our opinion, the use of computers is manifested in the
including education, reveals the problem of the use of following stages of the teaching process.
computers. The use of computers in training should not cancel 1. At the stage of presentation of educational information
training in the real subject direction, because the computer is to students. This is due to the fact that the unity of ideas about
the concepts of real physical and abstract geometric spaces is
the basis of cognitive processes, because human cognition Thus, it can be concluded that an integral feature of
goes "from live contemplation to abstract thinking and from it modern education is its Informatization. The use of computers
to practice", for example, the study of the theory of geometric should not cancel the training in the real subject direction, i.e.
modeling, followed by its visual application to the problems of the replacement of real physical objects (phenomena) only by
practice on the computer. Academician A. D. Alexandrov saw the model representation on the computer screen is
the main feature of geometry in combination of strict logic unacceptable, which in the long term can lead to a decrease in
with visual representations, in combination of ideal geometric the intellectual potential of future specialists. Strengthening
objects with clearly presented things, and therefore considered the Informatization of the content of education and the
it necessary in the teaching of geometry to associate it with widespread introduction of information technology in the
real objects. educational process requires alignment of the dynamics of
development between the information and fundamental
2. At the stage of assimilation of educational material in direction of education. Any computer-just a means of
the process of interactive interaction with the computer. One improving the efficiency of intellectual human activity,
of the reasons for underachievement of students is that they performing purely auxiliary functions of providing the
cannot isolate the semantic core of the educational material possibility of objective educational information that helps the
from a large amount of educational information. Training can teacher and the student in the implementation of the goals of
achieve a lot. Academician p. K. Anokhin wrote that "a development of thinking.
Researcher should often keep in mind several logical chains at
the same time, remember a large number of different facts. In the context of the unfolding process of Informatization
Often the truth can be born only with the simultaneous of the educational sphere, which is a natural reflection of
combination of several processes. Many young researchers are trends in social development, computer visualization is
often frustrated here, they have poorly developed, as it is considered as a generalization of different ways of presenting
called by psychologists, simultaneous thinking (in English educational information. After all, visualization provides
“simultaneas” means simultaneous). It turns out depressing mobilization of resources of imaginative, logical, complex
picture: if the truth is hidden in the five or six components, the thinking of the student, as well as other important properties
majority of researchers, not having simultaneous thoughts just and qualities of his personality. At the same time, in the
physiologically cut off from it" [1, p. 257]. Revolutionary conditions of wide spread of cognitive models and
changes in the element base of computers that have occurred methodological approaches in science in General and their
over the past 20 years have led to a sharp increase in the demand in pedagogical activity in particular, the question of
accuracy and speed of their work, the expansion of logical, studying the cognitive potential of computer visualization in
heuristic functions, and to a certain extent-creative. As a the sphere of higher professional education and identifying
result, the student can simultaneously compare different types new properties of didactic visual means that activate the
of educational information, allowing to highlight its features personal potential of students is particularly relevant.
and invariants.
The embodiment of the cognitive component of computer
3. At the stage of repetition and consolidation of acquired visualization of educational information in pedagogical
competencies (knowledge, skills, abilities). Knowing the practice determines the optimization of the educational
process of formation of new information and all the process, accompanying the information interaction of its
difficulties associated with this process, the teacher should subjects, evaluation of learning outcomes, maintaining high
teach students to overcome these difficulties. The main rates of learning, memorization and comprehension of
criterion is a clear phasing in the work. Only after the full knowledge; allows to realize the holistic perception of
completion of one stage should move on to the second, as this educational material by imagination; helps to understand more
creates a prerequisite for the successful development of the deeply the connections between phenomena; it provides a
next stage. The incompleteness of each of the stages reduces better understanding and contributes to the generation of new
the interest in work, since there are no conditions for the knowledge, as well as the development of such important
maximum manifestation of mental possibilities. For example, qualities for a specialist as the intuition of a holistic "grasp" of
the teaching of computer graphics, which takes place in the the situation, professional "flair", creative thinking, etc.
second year, shows that students who have not mastered the Thanks to the computer support and maintenance of the
basic provisions of descriptive geometry and engineering system of technological methods and techniques of display
graphics in the first year, cannot work with graphic computer and analysis of knowledge in visual form, the educational
programs. process becomes more manageable, programmable, arbitrary,
instrumental savings, projective modeling, and therefore
4. At the stage of intermediate and final control and self- objectified, predictable, programmable and providing a
control of achieved learning outcomes. The creation of sustainable learning outcomes. At the same time, due to the
computer programs for the assimilation of knowledge with the fact that an integral component of the qualification
obligatory consideration of the specifics of the content requirements of the future specialist is a skilled, specialized
(scientific information), as well as the regularities of the vision, called "experienced look" or "professional vision",
assimilation of this information by a specific contingent of technologies and visualization tools that provide optimal and
students, will allow to individualize and differentiate the effective perception, assimilation and use of educational
learning process, increase the independence of students. information, are used as effective tools for solving educational
problems of the system of higher professional education,
among which: the formation and development of critical and web-access. Mobile learning is a new educational technology
visual thinking, visual perception of students., imaginative in the digital era, created thanks to wireless technologies
representation of knowledge, learning activities, knowledge supporting flexible, accessible, personalized education.
transfer and pattern recognition, improving their visual
literacy and visual culture, and others. IV. METHODOLOGY OF M-LEARNING
The effective solution of these tasks is carried out within First, Mobile cloud learning technology mean technology
the framework of teaching various academic disciplines of that allows you to organize the learning process using mobile
educational programs in accordance with their content, devices such as smartphone, handheld portable computers,
objectives, adopted methods, means of training. However, laptops, gadgets, etc. [2, p. 23]. Model M-Learning is based on
special attention should be paid to the course of computer the basic pedagogical principles and potential resource of
graphics, focused on intensive and multidimensional information and communication technologies (Fig. 1).
interaction with the phenomenon of computer visualization of
educational information in the electronic geometric model.
This discipline presents unlimited opportunities for the
disclosure of cognitive and educational potential of the
phenomenon in the education of qualified engineers. The
interdisciplinary approach underlying the teaching of the
course allows to find appropriate forms and methods of
education relevant at the present stage of social development.

III. NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Currently, many areas of life are permeated with
innovation. A serious factor that stops the innovative
development is the human factor. In our opinion, a person is
poorly involved in the innovation process as an active
participant, source and conductor of innovative ideas. We are
talking about the national system of innovative education of
future specialists with their subsequent inclusion in the
innovation process. One of the innovative technologies is the
necessity of rational introduction of modern means of
educational information transfer into the educational process.
These factors have led to the need for new forms of education,
more flexible and mobile. In the XXI century mobile learning
as a new direction is emerging. Mobile learning uses mobile
wireless devices (smartphones and tablets) as learning tools.
They fundamentally change the way knowledge is acquired
and allow access to unlimited information at any time. The
introduction of mobile devices is an irreversible reality of Fig. 1. The Model M-Learning.
modern education.
It includes a specific algorithm of actions of teacher and
In the conditions of intensive processes of information to
student, based on an ordered set of stages of the learning
the fore the problems of education aimed at the solution of
process through the General and(or) personal learning-
many problems, one of which is increase of efficiency of
structured learning resources, activities of educational
independent work of technical University students using
associations. In the process, mobile cloud learning to change
Internet technologies. Our analysis of the scientific literature
the verbal, visual and practice-oriented teaching methods.
suggests that the identification of the possibilities of using
Verbal methods (lecture, explanation, conversation,
Internet-technologies in higher education is a promising field
discussion, consultation, etc.) multimedia technology
of research in pedagogical science. In addition, the technical
presented in the form of audio-, video-, graphic elements,
tools that are used in various fields of science and daily life
hypertext, hypermedia, mediality, slide lectures, live or
has brought new possibilities into our lives and thus in the
recorded audio (podcast), blog, forum, chat, video conference.
system of training and education. This led to the development
Visual methods mobile cloud-based learning are implemented
of a new trend in education called "mobile-cloud" (Mobile
cognitive visual images through medially, video, hypertext,
learning or M-Learning) using mobile phones, smartphones
hypermedia, interactive maps, visual-figurative, geometric and
and pocket portable computers. This technology is the next
graphic models, interactive computer workshops, interactive
stage of development of E-Learning. Technology M-Learning
whiteboard and graphics tablet [2]. Practice-oriented methods
assumes the existence of a system of education which should
(exercises, laboratory and practical work settlement and
include a subsystem of access to learning materials and
graphic works and tests) can be implemented using the
services from various mobile devices, and the availability of
computer lessons, interactive tests, computer trainers, possibilities of its practical and theoretical applications, etc.
simulators, etc. This also suggests that mobile cloud-based learning
Principles of M-learning are the following. Accessibility – environment students are confronted with diverse and often
M-learning environment provides access to content unplanned information and the parties to the communication.
(information meaningful or substantive content of the These technologies allow to increase interest to the student
information resource), and also suggests the mechanism of and thereby convert the form of academic training in student-
interaction with other participants in the learning process – centered and learning through play.
students, teachers, coaches, and sources of necessary M-Learning is impossible without information literacy, on
information (documents, textbooks, manuals, standards, the part of the teacher and the student. The concept of
programs, etc.). Mobility – implementation of the learning "information literacy" as a tool of information activities not
process is possible only in the presence of and by means of only use a computer and look at it in a number of concepts
mobile cloud-based learning environment: a smartphone or related to information and computer technologies (computer,
tablet, laptop or directly from a computer class in full-time information, etc.). Information literacy is an indicator of
education at any time and in any place. Cloud – the human development because it promotes self-education and
mechanism of mobile cloud-based learning environment due obtaining skills of a member of the information society,
to the tool implement information in a cloud. Cloud access electronic services consumers. Information literacy is a
provides a consistent use of materials of the discipline of concept that brings together the following important groups of
study, providing a wider range of reliable information. competences.
Integration – mobile-cloud-based learning environment is a Computer competence. Widely used as one of the
combination of physical (traditional) and digital (non- objectives of vocational training in a technical University.
traditional) approaches, and diverse forms of obtaining and This concept we understand as information technology
understanding information, providing them with quality competence, which is the synthesis of knowledge and skills to
knowledge and competence in the learning process. Mobile operate the computer, the manifestation of the experience on
cloud learning environment will always represent a the computer. It represents the integrated characteristic of
combination of components of communication in the future specialists, involving the motivation to master the
implementation of the learning process: physical, personal and relevant knowledge, ability to solve problems in academic and
digital contact. professional activities using computer equipment and
Contact– relationship of all participants in the process, possession of methods of computer thinking. Computer
mobile cloud learning, i.e. cooperation with the teacher and competencies are developed both at the stage of studying the
with students in a specific discipline, because they have the computer and its use as a means to further learning,
opportunity to establish contact with local and global professional activities and is regarded as one of the faces of
communities through social media platforms Twitter, personal maturity.
Facebook, VKontakte, Instagram for discussion and therefore Information-communicative competence – the system
deeper understanding of the information. Personalization – M- property of the personality (subject) of the student to navigate
Learning assumes the form of training of participants in the the flow of information, as the ability to work with different
process of receiving and assimilating the information "1 information sources, locate and select the required material,
member – 1 device". The information content corresponds to classify it, summarize, critical to treat it as a skill based on
the original source, not subject to interpretation, and, as a acquired knowledge specifically and effectively address these
result, provides an experience that is truly personalized. problems. Information-communicative competence is
Stability – the constant need for access to information in the perceived as a fundamental component of information culture,
learning process, cognitive activity associated with learning which, in turn, is part of the General culture of the individual.
via mobile devices. Synchronicity – parallel interaction with This competence characterizes deep knowledge of the subject
any information, ie. information educational environment of and the personal experience of the subject, aimed at promising
the University extends to the global information resources, work on the development of knowledge on the development of
allowing participants to process mobile cloud learning to modern scientific worldview and personality of the student.
move in any place, any time searching for needed information The student must be open to dynamic enrichment and self-
using individual capabilities (knowledge of the language, improvement through the acquisition, evaluation of
content, mobile communication, etc.). Adaptability – mobile- information and the ability to create new information. The
cloud technology its structure is consistent with student student should be able to achieve significant results in
learning activities (store files, generate ideas, support students educational and professional activities.
in the learning process). Combination – joining the learning Interdisciplinary competence, which in addition to the
process at any time, in the right place and for a particular knowledge, skills and abilities include the following qualities:
person, when students independently plan the theme, through understanding of the connections between different disciplines
the application and through interaction with teachers. and the willingness to use knowledge from one of the
Hierarchy – mobile-cloud technologies due to a variety of disciplines in the study of others; the experience of the
content, so designed for a different audience, different age, integrated application of knowledge in the relevant disciplines
intellectual development, specific discipline, scope, and in the study of others; the level of conscious application of
knowledge to professional activity, based on knowledge of the personal readiness of students for the use of innovations: the
various disciplines; student confidence in their ability to solve percentage of students willing to learn through the mobile-
tasks of professional activity, comprehensively applying cloud using wireless access (subject to an acceptable cost)
knowledge in different disciplines; willingness to study and access is 54%.
obtain new knowledge from other disciplines and activities;
free orientation in the environment of information technology. VI. CONCLUSION
Information literacy includes the component of Currently, many areas of life are imbued with innovation.
communication as a set of custom skills to use the services and In the development of instructional media, mastering tools
suggestions that are supported by the computer and distributed mobile-cloud technologies can be considered as an indicator
via the Internet. The other component is information that of innovative culture and professional training that
focuses on key aspects of the society based on knowledge, i.e. corresponds to the general trend of development of
the ability to optimally locate, obtain, select, process, transmit, innovations in the field of education. With the competent and
create, use and store digital information. structured use of mobile technologies in the learning process,
it is possible to bring education to a new level, and
V. THE RESULTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF M-LEARNING accordingly, to increase the level of education of the
We carried out the experiment on introduction of the population. Since mobile technologies allow us to penetrate to
components of M-Learning in the discipline "Computer the most remote part of the world, at any time and in any
graphics" (date from October till may 20016-20017). place.
Developed a set of tools for M-Learning are: 1) electronic
educational resources (EER); 2) electronic educational and References
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