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Data Modelling Conceptual, Logical, Physical Data Model Types

Data modeling is the process of creating a conceptual representation of data objects and relationships for a database. There are three main types of data models: conceptual, logical, and physical. The conceptual model defines business concepts and rules, the logical model develops technical structures regardless of the database system, and the physical model describes implementation for a specific database. Data modeling helps visualize data, enforce rules and policies, and ensure consistency and quality.

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390 views

Data Modelling Conceptual, Logical, Physical Data Model Types

Data modeling is the process of creating a conceptual representation of data objects and relationships for a database. There are three main types of data models: conceptual, logical, and physical. The conceptual model defines business concepts and rules, the logical model develops technical structures regardless of the database system, and the physical model describes implementation for a specific database. Data modeling helps visualize data, enforce rules and policies, and ensure consistency and quality.

Uploaded by

srinivas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Modeling: Conceptual, Logical, Physical

Data Model Types


What is Data Modeling?

Data modeling (data modeling) is the process of creating a data model


for the data to be stored in a database. This data model is a
conceptual representation of Data objects, the associations between
different data objects, and the rules. Data modeling helps in the
visual representation of data and enforces business rules, regulatory
compliances, and government policies on the data. Data Models ensure
consistency in naming conventions, default values, semantics, and
security while ensuring quality of the data.

Data Model

The Data Model is defined as an abstract model that organizes data


description, data semantics, and consistency constraints of data. The
data model emphasizes on what data is needed and how it should be
organized instead of what operations will be performed on data. Data
Model is like an architect's building plan, which helps to build
conceptual models and set a relationship between data items.

The two types of Data Modeling Techniques are

1. Entity Relationship (E-R) Model


2. UML (Unified Modelling Language)

We will discuss them in detail later.

Data Modeling concepts in detail-

 Why use Data Model?


 Types of Data Models
 Conceptual Data Model
 Logical Data Model
 Physical Data Model
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Data Model

Note:
Data object:
The data object is actually a location or region of storage that
contains a collection of attributes or groups of values that act
as an aspect, characteristic, quality, or descriptor of the
object. A vehicle is a data object which can be defined or
described with the help of a set of attributes or data.
Example: Sales databases such as customers, store items, sales.

Meta data:
Metadata in DBMS is the data (details/schema) of any other data. It can
also be defined as data about data. The word 'Meta' is the prefix that
is generally the technical term for self-referential. In other words,
we can say that Metadata is the summarized data for the contextual data

Why use Data Model?

The primary goals of using data model are:

 Ensures that all data objects required by the database are


accurately represented. Omission of data will lead to creation of
faulty reports and produce incorrect results.
 A data model helps design the database at the conceptual,
physical and logical levels.
 Data Model structure helps to define the relational tables,
primary and foreign keys and stored procedures.
 It provides a clear picture of the base data and can be used by
database developers to create a physical database.
 It is also helpful to identify missing and redundant data.
 Though the initial creation of data model is labor and time
consuming, in the long run, it makes your IT infrastructure
upgrade and maintenance cheaper and faster.

Types of Data Models

Types of Data Models: There are mainly three different types of data
models: conceptual data models, logical data models, and physical data
models, and each one has a specific purpose. The data models are used
to represent the data and how it is stored in the database and to set
the relationship between data items.

1. Conceptual Data Model: This Data Model defines WHAT the system
contains. This model is typically created by Business
stakeholders and Data Architects. The purpose is to organize
scope and define business concepts and rules.
2. Logical Data Model: Defines HOW the system should be implemented
regardless of the DBMS. This model is typically created by Data
Architects and Business Analysts. The purpose is to developed
technical map of rules and data structures.
3. Physical Data Model: This Data Model describes HOW the system
will be implemented using a specific DBMS system. This model is
typically created by DBA and developers. The purpose is actual
implementation of the database.
Types of Data Model

Conceptual Data Model

A Conceptual Data Model is an organized view of database concepts and


their relationships. The purpose of creating a conceptual data model
is to establish entities, their attributes, and relationships. In this
data modeling level, there is hardly any detail available on the
actual database structure. Business stakeholders and data architects
typically create a conceptual data model.

The 3 basic tenants of Conceptual Data Model are

 Entity: A real-world thing


 Attribute: Characteristics or properties of an entity
 Relationship: Dependency or association between two entities

Data model example:

 Customer and Product are two entities. Customer number and name
are attributes of the Customer entity
 Product name and price are attributes of product entity
 Sale is the relationship between the customer and product

Conceptual Data Model

Characteristics of a conceptual data model

 Offers Organization-wide coverage of the business concepts.


 This type of Data Models are designed and developed for a
business audience.
 The conceptual model is developed independently of hardware
specifications like data storage capacity, location or software
specifications like DBMS vendor and technology. The focus is to
represent data as a user will see it in the "real world."

Conceptual data models known as Domain models create a common


vocabulary for all stakeholders by establishing basic concepts and
scope.

Logical Data Model

The Logical Data Model is used to define the structure of data


elements and to set relationships between them. The logical data model
adds further information to the conceptual data model elements. The
advantage of using a Logical data model is to provide a foundation to
form the base for the Physical model. However, the modeling structure
remains generic.
Logical Data Model

At this Data Modeling level, no primary or secondary key is defined.


At this Data modeling level, you need to verify and adjust the
connector details that were set earlier for relationships.

Characteristics of a Logical data model

 Describes data needs for a single project but could integrate


with other logical data models based on the scope of the project.
 Designed and developed independently from the DBMS.
 Data attributes will have data types with exact precisions and
length.
 Normalization processes to the model is applied typically till
3NF.

Physical Data Model

A Physical Data Model describes a database-specific implementation of


the data model. It offers database abstraction and helps generate the
schema. This is because of the richness of meta-data offered by a
Physical Data Model. The physical data model also helps in visualizing
database structure by replicating database column keys, constraints,
indexes, triggers, and other RDBMS features.
Physical Data Model

Characteristics of a physical data model:

 The physical data model describes data need for a single project
or application though it may be integrated with other physical
data models based on project scope.
 Data Model contains relationships between tables that which
addresses cardinality and null ability of the relationships.
 Developed for a specific version of a DBMS, location, data
storage or technology to be used in the project.
 Columns should have exact datatypes, lengths assigned and default
values.
 Primary and Foreign keys, views, indexes, access profiles, and
authorizations, etc. are defined.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Data Model:

Advantages of Data model:

 The main goal of a designing data model is to make certain that


data objects offered by the functional team are represented
accurately.
 The data model should be detailed enough to be used for building
the physical database.
 The information in the data model can be used for defining the
relationship between tables, primary and foreign keys, and stored
procedures.
 Data Model helps business to communicate the within and across
organizations.
 Data model helps to documents data mappings in ETL process
 Help to recognize correct sources of data to populate the model

Disadvantages of Data model:

 To develop Data model one should know physical data stored


characteristics.
 This is a navigational system produces complex application
development, management. Thus, it requires a knowledge of the
biographical truth.
 Even smaller change made in structure require modification in the
entire application.
 There is no set data manipulation language in DBMS.

Conclusion

 Data modeling is the process of developing data model for the


data to be stored in a Database.
 Data Models ensure consistency in naming conventions, default
values, semantics, security while ensuring quality of the data.
 Data Model structure helps to define the relational tables,
primary and foreign keys and stored procedures.
 There are three types of conceptual, logical, and physical.
 The main aim of conceptual model is to establish the entities,
their attributes, and their relationships.
 Logical data model defines the structure of the data elements and
set the relationships between them.
 A Physical Data Model describes the database specific
implementation of the data model.
 The main goal of a designing data model is to make certain that
data objects offered by the functional team are represented
accurately.
 The biggest drawback is that even smaller change made in
structure require modification in the entire application.
 Reading this Data Modeling tutorial, you will learn from the
basic concepts such as What is Data Model? Introduction to
different types of Data Model, advantages, disadvantages, and
data model example.

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