SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, and SOCIETY

(Module 3 WEEK 5 and 6)

ACTIVITY 1: DAPAT HAPPY KA!

There are many reasons why and what makes me happy, including my relationship with God, my
complete family, my genuine friends, when someone unexpectedly talks or chats with me, when I help
others who truly need help, when I do good things for others, and when someone cares for me and does
good to me.

2. Which matters to you more, health or wealth?

In my perception, health is more important than wealth; seeing your loved ones engage in their
favorite activity without experiencing any aches or pains in their bodies is somewhat surprising; for
example, my parents are now elderly and are afflicted with various illnesses; I pray for their good health,
when they're in good health, I'll have more time to spend with them; riches is fleeting, and the time we
spend with our parents is the most important thing we can keep.

3. What is your basis to say someone is prosperous?

I can claim that someone is financially successful or affluent if they are wealthy and support
those who are in desperate need of assistance. Being affluent means not just having a lot of money, but
also having a lot of willingness, friendliness, and goodness in his heart.

ACTIVITY NO.2 WATCH AND LEARN!

A virtuous person is someone who does the right thing to the right people at the right time, in
the right way, and in the appropriate amount. Virtuous person know what to do all the time, he can
handle himself and know how to get along with others. A competent judge is someone who makes good
decisions for others, that is another characteristic of a virtuous person. 

2. Based on the video, why the following terms are described as golden mean between the two
extremes:

2.1. courage

When you're courageous, you'll examine the circumstance first before doing anything
else. In a given situation, a courageous individual will take the appropriate action. It's called a
golden mean, since it's about determining the best course of action, which is always in the
middle of the extremes.

2.2. honesty
 When you're honest with yourself, you'll know what you need to communicate and
what you should keep to yourself. You know how to express difficult realities effectively and
gently break terrible news.

2.3. generosity

Generosity is defined as giving something you have that is needed by others, without
being stingy or prodigal. When you contribute the correct amount and to the right person, you
are generous.

3. Who are moral exemplars and what are they for?

People who are moral exemplars are those who are virtuous and undertake good deeds. They
were held up as a model. These moral exemplars are vital for us to emulate and influence what we
should do in a difficult scenario and how we can handle it in the best way possible.

4. Why do we have to develop eudemonistic life?

When you have or experience this type of life, you will be filled with joy, gratitude, and a sense
of accomplishment. We need to live a eudemonistic life in order to believe that we are doing well and to
push ourselves to be the best version of ourselves in order to feel satisfied. When you live like this, you
will always do good things because that is how you achieve eudaimonia.

5. Do you agree that character is developed through habituation? Why?

Yes, because doing virtuous things over and over again will eventually become part of your habit
or character. It's as if you're immune to such behavior and it's natural for you to do it.

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
1. What do you think is/are the inputs of eudemonia (human flourishing) or eudemonic life to the
development of Science and technology?

The goal of people working in the sciences and technology is to help every individual in our
country; by doing so, they are on the path to a eudemonic life; helping others makes them happy; and
helping is the right thing to do.

2. What are the advantages of having eudaimonic life in the perspective of science?

Advantage of this is, your goal will only focus on helping people and doing what is right. For
example, you are a scientist and you are making or inventing, you’ll just think you are doing that
because you want to help, you will give also positivity to others. As a result, we believe that scientists
can be virtuous because their goal is to create something that will benefit others; they are doing the
right thing for the sake of others. There may be a sense of accomplishment after they have met people's
needs.

3. What about its disadvantages?

For me, there is no disadvantage living in a eudaimonic life; eudemonia means being content
with being happy, which is not a problem; eudaimonia is all about positivity and success. Life goals that
are eudamonic are good on purpose.
ACTIVITY NO.3 WATCH AND LEARN!
1. How do these two theories help in the development of science and technology?

The concept of falsifiability is a helpful tool in developing verifiable and realistic theories.
Testability is an important starting point for creating solid experiences that have the potential to teach
us something useful about these phenomena. If a falsifiable theory is tested and the results are
meaningful, it may be accepted as scientific truth. If knowledge is available, the concept of truth can be
distorted. Verification refers to statements that are verifiable; it is important in science and technology
because it demonstrates evidences and verifiable data that aid in innovating and inventing; all data must
be verified in order to accurately create a project or research.

2. Based on the discussion, which of the two is more acceptable to you? Why?

Between the two theories, verification is more acceptable than falsification because verification
requires all statements to be empirically proven and follow scientific ideas. This means that for an
information to be verified, it must go through many processes and investigations before it is accepted as
true. In this theory, a statement or another concept studied is considered verified when it demonstrates
a large amount of evidence indicating truthfulness.

3. Based on the videos, how can a scientific theory be falsified?

According to this video, science is all about falsification rather than confirmation. A scientific
theory can be debunked if strong evidence is available. If you have a hypothesis, it requires more
observation and data to prove that it is true, and if there are insufficient evidences presented, it can
falsify.

4. Do you agree that Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory is a pseudoscience? Why?

Yes, because it has generated so many hypotheses that cannot be empirically refuted.
Furthermore, as Karl Popper pointed out, Freud's method only confirmed that the beliefs were
pseudosciences that could be used to prove anything as scientific truth. Another reason I believe Freud's
psychoanalytic theory is a pseudoscience is that it must be testable, tamper-proof, and irrefutable, and
since researching the theory, I've read and discovered that it produced many assumptions that cannot
be refuted empirically, making the psychoanalytic theory a pseudo-science.

5. What are the qualities of a scientist should we possess to accept the idea of Karl Popper towards
science?

To be considered scientific, we know how to disprove and reject other people's ideas if there is
insufficient evidence to support them. A good researcher and investigator, on the other hand, seeks a
large amount of information in order to determine the truthfulness of something. A scientist must
understand the process of conducting research and studies, as well as finding evidence to support their
findings. A scientist's curiosity must also be developed in order for him to find and discover new things.
STUDENT’S REFLECTION

1. How would you apply the concept of Eudemonia or human flourishing within you, with others, and
with the community?

I would use eudemonia by making a decision that is good for me and others, a decision that
always takes the golden mean into account. Having a good attitude, having a good personality, and
doing good things will bring me happiness. Happiness is a feeling of fulfillment in the heart, which is why
making a good decision will allow me to experience this type of feeling. When it comes to others, I will
use eudemonia by assisting them in making always the best decisions and by being a positive influence
in their lives by providing them with positivity and motivation. In the community, I will practice
eudemonia by emphasizing the importance of happiness when we strive for goodness, I'll also share
how important it is to live a positive life, and how the gift of contentment awaits us at the pinnacle of
our emotions.

2. Does eudemonic life supports the idea of sustainable development? Why?

Yes, because living a eudemonic life brings positivity into our lives; we are always thinking of
what we can do to help others and ourselves. We always consider the golden mean or the trait between
excess and deficiency since sustainable development improves or its goal is to have or help many
people, we will always consider what makes us satisfied and happy. Because sustainable development is
the concept that human societies must live and meet their needs, and eudemonia is a human flourishing
or living, they are related and interconnected.

3. Will eudemonic life support human to have solutions-oriented mindset?

Yes, because when we consider eudemonia in making a decision and finding a solution to a
specific problem, we always consider the decision between excess and deficiency, which is the golden
mean. The solution will always be positive if you live a eudemonic life.