LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Outcome 1 - ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE

Learning activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information Sheet 1.1-1 on  If you have some problem on the
Occupational Health & Safety (OHS) content of the information sheet,
Policies and Procedures, # 1.1-2 on basic don’t hesitate to approach your
requirements for a well planned project facilitator.
based Installation Service, # 1.1-3 on  If you feel that you are now
tools, equipments and testing devices , # knowledgeable on the content of the
1.1-4 on computer components and information sheet, you can now
devices answer self-check provided in the
module
2. Answer the Self-Check #1.1-1, # 1.1-2,  Compare your answer to the key. If
# 1.1-3 you got 100% correct answer on the
self-check, you can now move to the
next information sheet. If not review
the information sheet and go over the
self-check again.

3. Guided by Information Sheet 1.1- 4,  Evaluate your own work using the
proceed to the tool room and do Task performance criteria.
Sheet 1.1-4 on identifying computer  Present your work to your trainer for
components and peripherals evaluation.

INFORMATION SHEET # 1.1-1

Date Developed: Document No. TM-I

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 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After reading of this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
 Identify the basic precautions and procedures in planning, preparing, installing and testing of
computer hardware and software.
 Determine the effects of computers to the people, health risk, and to the environment.

INTRODUCTION:
An OHS Policy is simply a method of stating how you, your employees, contractors and
visitors are expected to behave when they are on Company property or performing Company
related activities. As an employer or responsible contractor, you are required by law to provide a
‘safe system of work’.
During installation and initial test, careful planning and preparation are to be done. To avoid
personal injury and damages to wiring due to sharp pins on connectors and printed circuit
assemblies, rough chassis edges and corners, and hot components.
Adhere to warnings and limitations regarding accessibility into areas designated only for
authorized technical personnel.

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT:
SOME BASIC PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES:
 Before starting the installation, read carefully the documentation and procedures on any
hardware and software settings that may be required.
 Failure to do the proper jumper setting may cause damage to your CPU.
 Without an effective cooling fan, the CPU can overheat and cause damage to both CPU and
the motherboard.
 Each bank must have the same size and type of memory installed in pairs.
Date Developed: Document No. TM-I
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 Before adding and removing any other system components, make sure that you unplug your
power supply. Failure to do so may cause damage to your motherboard and in the system
component.
 Test the computer, insuring that it meets the necessary system requirements before booting
up.
 If the computer does not pass any of the power on self-test (POST), the computer will
receive an irregular power on self-test. An irregular POST is a beep code which is different
from the standard beep which can either be no beeps at all or a combination of different
beeps.

Here is the list of Occupational Health and Safety Policies in Computer Systems Servicing. 

1. Do not work alone so that there’s someone who can take care of you in case of an
emergency.
2. Always power off the computer and unplug the computer before working on it.
3. Take away any liquid near your working area to avoid getting electrocuted or accidentally
damaging computer parts.
4. Be careful with tools that may cause a short circuit.
5. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer.
6. Do not use excessive force if things don’t quite slip into place.
7. Clean the area before and after using it to maintain sanitation and prevent accidents.
8. Hold the components on the edges and do not touch the Integrated Circuit (IC) parts.
9. Always wear personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the organization’s
OHS procedures and practices.
10. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable connector.
11. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire, and other emergencies are
recognized.
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12. Use a brush, compressed air, or blower in cleaning the computer system.

EFFECTS OF COMPUTERS
Some effects of computers relating to the violation of privacy, the impact on the labor force,
health risks, and the impact on the environment.
1. Violation of Privacy
Nearly every life event is stored in a computer somewhere--in medical records, credit
reports, tax records, etc. It is crucial that personal and confidential records be protected properly.
In many instances, where these records were not properly protected, individuals have found their
privacy violated and identities stolen.

2. Impact on Labor Force

Although computers have improved productivity in many ways and created an entire
industry with hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the skills of millions of workers and managers
have been replaced by computers. Thus, it is crucial that workers keep their education up-to-date.
A separate impact on the labor force is that some companies are outsourcing jobs to foreign
countries instead of keeping their homeland labor force employed.

3. Health Risks
Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to injuries or disorders of the hands, wrists,
elbows, eyes, necks, and back. Computer users can protect themselves from these health risks
through proper workplace design, good posture while at the computer, and appropriately spaced
work breaks. Another health risk, called computer addiction, occurs when someone becomes
obsessed with using the computer. Once recognized, computer addiction is a treatable disorder.

4. Public Safety

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 Adults, teen, and children around the world are using computers to share publicly their
photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal information. Some of these unsuspecting,
innocent computer users have fallen victim to crimes committed by dangerous strangers. Protect
yourself and your dependents from these criminals by being cautious. For example, do not share
information that would allow others to identify or locate you.

5. Impact on Environment
Computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are depleting natural resources and
polluting the environment. The amount of resources required to manufacture a personal
computer equals that of a mid-sized car. When computers are discarded in landfills, they release
toxic materials and potentially dangerous levels of lead, mercury, and flame retardants.
Strategies that can help protect the environment include recycling, regulating manufacturing
processes, extending the life of computers, and immediately donating replaced computers.

SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1-1

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A. TRUE OR FALSE
Direction: Identify the Precautions and Procedures write TRUE if the statement is correct and
FALSE if the statement is wrong.
__________1. Failure to do the proper jumper setting may cause damage to your CPU.
__________2. After adding and removing any other system components, make sure that you
unplug your power supply.
__________3. Test the computer, insuring that it meets the necessary system requirements
before booting up.
__________4. With an effective cooling fan, the CPU can overheat and cause damage to both
CPU and the motherboard.
__________5. After starting the installation, read carefully the documentation and procedures on
any hardware and software settings that may be required.

B. MATCHING TYPE
Direction: Select your answer on the choices below that will correspond on the statement. Write
the letter of your answer on the space provided.
A. Violation of Privacy
B. Impact on the Environment
C. Public Safety
D. Health Risk
E. Impact on Labor Force
______1. Computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are depleting natural resources
and polluting the environment.
______2. Although computers have improved productivity in many ways and created an entire
industry with hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the skills of millions of workers and managers
have been replaced by computers.
______3. It is crucial that personal and confidential records be protected properly.
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______4. Adults, teen, and children around the world are using computers to share publicly their
photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal information.
______5. Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to injuries or disorders of the hands,
wrists, elbows, eyes, necks, and back.

INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-2

Date Developed: Document No. TM-I
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 BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR A PLANNED INSTALLATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
 Prepare the required documents or forms before you do a well-planned installation.
 Identify the qualifications to be a certified hardware professional so that you could be
allowed and authorized to do a well-planned installation.
INTRODUCTION:
Are you the person everyone calls when they have a computer problem? Have you
considered getting paid for fixing near-fatal errors and turning your PC prowess into a business?
According a recent report, sales of computer services are expected to exceed $47 billion this year
in the U.S. alone, with PC repair leading the way. But there are some requirements that you need
to know before joining the bandwagon of Computer Hardware Servicing trade, like
document/forms (e.g. Job Orders, Request Forms, and Report Sheets) and qualifications for
personnel in repairing computers.
REQUIRED DOCUMENTS/FORMS:
A. Job Order
A Job order (known as works order outside of the United States because the work is
produced in a manufacturing area known as the works) or job order (sometimes job ticket or
work ticket, as it often has some type of ticket attached) is an order received by an organization
from a customer or client, or an order created internally within the organization. A work order
may be for products or services.
In a manufacturing environment, a work order is converted from a sales order to show that
work is about to be begin on the manufacture, building or engineering of the products requested
by the customer. In a service environment, a work order can be equivalent to a service order
where the WO records the location, date and time the service is carried out and the nature of
work that is done. The type of personnel (e.g. job position) may also be listed on the WO. A rate

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(e.g. $/hr, $/week) and also the total amount of hours worked and total value is also shown on the
work order.
A work order may be a maintenance or repair request from students, faculty or staff in a
university.
Orders received from outside an organization are often dispatched (reviewed and scheduled)
before being executed. Work orders may be for preventive maintenance.
Contractors may use a single job work order and invoice form that contains the customer
information, describes the work performed, lists charges for material and labor, and can be given
to the customer as an invoice.
A job order is an internal document extensively used by projects-based, manufacturing,
building and fabrication businesses. A job order may be for products and/or services. In a
manufacturing environment, a job order is used to signal the start of a manufacturing process and
will most probably be linked to a bill of material. Hence, the job order will probably state:
 the quantity of the product to be manufactured, built or fabricated
 the amount of raw material to be used, its price and amount
 the types of labor required, rate (per hour or per unit) and amount
 the machine utilization for each machine during the routing process, its rate and amount
In a service environment, a job order can be the equivalent to a work or service order where
the job order records the location, date and time the service is carried out and the nature of
service that was carried out. The type of personnel (e.g. job position) may also be listed on the
job order. A rate (e.g. $/hr, $/week) and also the total amount of hours worked and total value is
also shown.

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 SAMPLE OF JOB ORDER FORM

Computer Repair Job Order Form

School Pangasinan State

Teacher Client’s Name University
Date August 4, 2021 Computer # 005
Service Tag# 003 Model Intel i3
Serial # 4737DCF

Computer Problem: (Brief Description of the Problem)

***Blue Screen Error***

For Technical Department Used Only Fax No.

(02)922-5566
Computer Fixed By: Danjo C. Fernandez
Date Sent Back to School:

Memory Transcend 2 GHz Processor Pentium Dual-Core 2 GHz

Hard Drive Space Hitachi Sata 80 GigWindows Windows 7 Ultimate

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B. Request Form and Report Sheet
Computer Hardware Servicing maintenance, which includes planned installation, main
objective is to keep and improve production facilities, to keep and improve production facilities
stable and efficient at the lowest life cycle cost with the active participation of all members in the
company.
A Request Form is used to put this objective into action. And the Report Sheet and Request
Form bring to life this maintenance’s purposes which are:
 To increase productivity through maximum utilization and improvement of all equipment.
 To develop maintenance system to reduce life cycle cost of machinery and equipment
through the involvement of everybody in the organization.
 To develop the operator’s capability to be competent in maintenance activities through
education, training and motivation.
 To enhance capability for advanced and sophisticated technology that would reinforce
competitive power.

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 SAMPLE REQUEST FORM

UNIT NO. 5-3

Description: Acer Aspire 4736Z Laptop Computer

Observation/s:

***Corrupted Operating System*** Date Reported:

August 04, 2021

Reported by:
Danjo C. Fernandez

Activity: Reformat Laptop

Date Completed: August 05, 2021

Sign:

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 SAMPLE REPORT SHEET

Facility Type Nature of Breakdown Recommendation

Laptop No Viral Corruption Refer to the

Operating System Technical
Error Department for
Reformatting of
the Operating
System

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 Repair Report Sheet
Area/Section: PSU Computer Laboratory

Reported by: Danjo C. Fernandez

Date: August,04, 2021

REQUIRED QUALIFICATION FOR A COMPUTER HARDWARE PERSONNEL:

What Qualifications Do You Need to Become a PC Repair Technician?

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 Education
Employers prefer applicants who have completed formal electronics training in a vocational
school, community college or similar setting, reports the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Training
programs may last from 6 months to two years. Some employers require at least a high school
diploma or GED.
 Certifications
Trainees can take the TESDA NC II Computer System Servicing assessment to demonstrate
their competency for entry-level jobs to employers. The Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority or TESDA offers a variety of certification programs. In addition,
technicians can achieve certifications even for trainership.
 Physical and Personal Traits
PC technicians must be able to squat, bend and reach to access the computer equipment
requiring repair. They should be physically able to lift at least 50 pounds of computer
components. Employers look for technicians who can stand for long periods of time and have the
ability to perceive a variety of colors. Employers want technicians who think analytically, are
organized and pay attention to detail. They should feel comfortable working under tight
deadlines, and companies may expect them to work overtime or on weekends.
 Knowledge and Skills
Applicants should know how to use a variety of standard office software, and some jobs also
require knowledge of networking. Companies prefer candidates with previous PC repair
experience, and they may look for candidates with experience repairing specific brands of
computers. Technicians need strong oral communication skills and should be able to explain
their findings to customers using common terms.

SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1-2

A. TRUE OR FALSE
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Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
_________ 1. Anyone can perform a planned installation as long as he knows it.
_________ 2. The Department of Education facilitates the competency assessment for computer
technicians.
__________3. Computer Technicians are given the TESDA NC II Computer System
Servicing by TESDA after successfully taking the Assessment.
__________4. Computer Technicians need not to have strong oral communication
skills for they only repair computers.
__________5. Companies prefer candidates with previous PC repair experience,
and they may look for candidates with experience repairing specific brands of
computers.
__________6. A job order is an external document by a project based Business.
__________7. A job order can be the equivalent to a work or service order where
the job order records the location, date and time the ervice is carried out and the nature of
service that was carried out.

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-3

TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, AND TESTING DEVICES

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
 Identify the different tools and equipment used in computer systems and networks
 Determine the different use and functions of these tools and equipment
INTRODUCTION
One important thing to consider before executing a well-planned computer installation is
that one must be knowledgeable in the different tools and equipment used in computer systems
and networks. Furthermore, the idea on how these tools and equipment are properly used is
another important consideration in installing computer systems.

Hardware Tools/Equipment and their Illustrations

Functions

Multi-tester or Multi-meter
Protective Eyewear
Enclose or protect the eye area in order
to prevent particulates, infectious fluids,
or chemicals from striking the eyes.
A multi-meter or a multi-tester,
also known as a VOM (Volt-Ohm
meter), is an electronic measuring
instrument that combines several
measurement functions in one unit

Pliers (Assorted)

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 Pliers is a hand tool used to hold
objects firmly, for bending,
or physical compression.

Screwdriver

A screwdriver is a tool for driving

screws and often rotating other
machine elements with the
mating drive system

Soldering Gun

A soldering gun is a tool for soldering

metals using tin-based solder to
achieve a highly conductive contact.

Desoldering Tool

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 Desoldering tools are used for removing
the molten solder so that the joint may
be separated.

Allen Wrench

A hex key, Allen key, or Allen

wrench (also known by various other
synonyms) is a tool of hexagonal
cross-section used to drive bolts and
s c r e w s that have a hexagonal socket
in the head (internal-wrenching
hexagon drive).

Flashlight

A flashlight (or torch in British

English) is a hand-held portable
electric-powered light source.Usually
the light source is a small
incandescent light bulb or light-
emitting diode (LED).

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 IC Insertion and Extraction Tool

Used for extracting and inserting

BIOS Chip

Mirror

In hardware servicing a mirror is used for

inspecting the peripherals

Tweezers

Tweezers are tools used for picking up objects

too small to be easily handled with the human
hands.

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 Printer

A printer is a peripheral which

producesAntistatic
a text Wrist Strap
or graphics of
documents stored in electronic form,
An usually
antistaticonwrist strap,
physical ESD
print wristsuch
media strap, or
ground bracelet
as paper is an antistatic device used to
or transparencies
safely ground a person working on very sensitive
electronic equipment, to prevent the buildup of
static electricity onComputer
their body, which can result
A computer is a programmable
in electrostatic discharge (ESD).
machine designed to automatically
carry out a sequence of arithmetic or
Gloves
logical operations

A gloves are garments for covering and

protecting the whole
Windows hand System
Operating
CD/DVD

An operating system is used as an

intermediary between hardware and
software.

Device Driver CD/DVD

An application used to install the
device and peripherals of a computer
systems and networks

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RS232 and D-Sub Pin Insertion Fernandez
and
Removal Tool
Inexpensive tool for the insertion and
extraction of D-Subminiature RS-232
 Computer Networking Tools and
Device and their Functions Illustrations

Crimping Tool

A crimping tool is a tool designed to crimp or

connect a connector to the end of a cable. For
example, network cables and phone cables are
created using a crimping tool to connect the
RJ-45 and RJ-11 connectors to the end of the
cable. In the picture to the right, is an example
of what a crimping tool looks like.

LAN Tester

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A Device used for testing network cable
connectivity.

UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair Cat 5 Cable

A cable used for computer networking.

RJ 45 Connector

A plastic connector used for UTP Cable to

connect computers in a network.

Ethernet Switch

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 A network switch or switching hub is a
computer networking device that connects
network segments or network devices.

SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1-3

A. TRUE OR FALSE
Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong.
________1. Protective Eyewear enclose or protect the nose area in order to prevent
particulates, infectious fluids, or chemicals
________2. Uni-tester is an electronic device for measuring instrument that
combines several measurement and functions
________3. Pliers are hand tool used to hold objects firmly for beding or physical
Compression
________4. A screw is a tool for driving screws and often rotating other machine
elements with the mating drive system
________5. A Soldering Gun is a tool for soldering metals using tin-based solder to
achieve a highly conductive contact.

B. MATCHING TYPE
Direction: Select your answer on the choices below that will correspond on the statement. Write
the letter of your answer on the space provided.
A. Mirror
B. Flash light
C. Gloves
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D. Tweezers
E. IC Insertion and Extracting Tool
______ 1. A hand held portable electric light source
______ 2. Used for extracting and inserting BIOS Chip
______ 3. Used for inspecting peripherals
______ 4. Intended for picking up objects too small for human hands
______ 5. Used for hand protection
INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-4
COMPUTER COMPONENTS AND DEVICES

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
 Classify of the hardware and software components of a computer with its corresponding
functions.
 Determine the various computer components and peripherals
INTRODUCTION:
A computer system is a special subsystem of an organization's overall information system. It
is an integrated assembly of devices, centered on at least one processing mechanism utilizing
digital electronics, which are used to input, process, store, and output data and information.
Putting together a complete computer system, however, is more involved than just connecting
computer devices. In an effective and efficient system, components are selected and organized
with an understanding of the inherent tradeoffs between overall system performance and cost,
control, and complexity.
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT:
Basic Hardware Components of Computer System
Today, almost everyone in our information society has a basic understanding of what a
computer is and what it can do. A contemporary computer system consists of a central
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processing unit, primary storage, secondary storage, input devices, output devices, and
communications devices that work together with software to perform calculations, organize data,
and communicate with other computers.
A computer is an electronic machine, operating under the control of instructions stored in its
own memory, that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful information
(output), and store it away in a secondary storage device (store) for safekeeping or later reuse.
The processing of input into output is directed by the software but performed by the hardware.

Common computer hardware components

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 Computer system hardware components include devices that perform the functions of input,
processing, data storage; output and communication. The devices responsible for these five areas
are as follows:

 Input devices
Input devices allow you to enter data or commands in a form that the computer can use; they
send the data or commands to the processing unit. Commonly-used input devices include
keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, digital camera, and PC camera.

 Output devices

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 Output devices show people the processed data-information --in understandable and useful
form. Four commonly used output devices are a printer, a monitor, speakers, and a portable
media player. Input/output devices are playing an increasingly significant role in our lives. The
number and variety of input/output devices are expanding.

 Processing devices
Processing devices are the computer electronic circuitry housed in the system unit. The
circuitry in the system unit is part of a circuit board called the motherboard. Two major
components on the motherboard are the processor and memory. The processor, formally known
as the central processing unit (CPU), has electronic circuitry that manipulates input data into the
information people want. Computer instructions are actually are executed in the central
processing unit. Memory is a series of electronic elements that temporarily holds data and
program instructions while they are being processed by the CPU. Both the processor and
memory consist of chips. A chip is an electronic device that contains many microscopic
pathways designed to carry electrical current.

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 Storage devices
Storage usually means secondary storage that can store data and programs outside the
computer itself. Storage devices hold data, information, and programs permanently.
These devices supplement memory (also called primary storage) that can hold data and programs
only temporarily. Common storage devices include a hard disk, USB flash drives, CDs, DVDs,
and memory cards. A drive is a device that reads from and writes onto a storage medium. A
storage medium is the physical material on which data, information, and program are stored.
Some portable devices, such as digital cameras, use memory cards as the storage media.

 Communications devices

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 Communications devices provide connections between the computer and communications
networks, and enable computer users to communicate and to exchange data, information, and
programs with other computers. Communications devices transmit these items over transmission
media such as cables, telephone lines, satellites, and cellular radio. A widely used
communications device is a modem.

In summary, we communicate with computers through input/output devices. Input devices

translate our data and communications into a form that the computer can understand. The
computer then processes these data, and an output device translates them back into a form we
can understand. The central processing unit manipulates data and controls the other parts of the
computer system. Memory (primary storage) temporarily stores data and program instructions
during processing, while secondary storage feeds data and instructions into the central processor
and stores data for future use.
The System Unit
The Motherboard
The system unit is a box-like case that houses the processor, memory and other electronic
components of the computer that are used to process data. All other computer system devices,

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such as the monitor, keyboard, and mouse, are linked either directly or indirectly into the system
unit.
Figure below shows some of the components inside the system unit on a typical PC,
including the processor, memory, expansion cards, drive bays, power supply, ports and
connectors. The processor is the device that executes program instructions. The memory device
is a package that holds temporarily data and program instructions during processing. An
expansion card is a circuit board that adds devices or capabilities to the computer. Finally,
devices outside the system unit, such as a keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, or microphone, are
attached by a cable to a port or connector on the system unit.

To conserve on space, all-in-one computer houses the system unit in the same physical case
as the monitor. On notebook computers, the keyboard and pointing device often occupy the area
on the top of the system unit. The display attaches to the system unit by a hinge. The system unit
on a handheld computer usually consumes the entire device. On these devices, the display is part
of the system unit too.
When the cover of a system unit is removed, the motherboard, also called system board, can
be seen inside the housing. The motherboard, a single circuit board, provides the path through

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which the processor communicates with memory components, other components, and peripheral
devices. In a typical personal computer, the components attached to the motherboard include
processor, memory chips, support electronic circuitry, and expansion boards. It is the processor
that is the most important component of the motherboard.

Many electronic components attach to the motherboard

A computer chip is a small piece of semi conducting material, usually silicon, on which one
or more integrated circuits are etched. The various chips have standard-sized pin connectors that
allow them to be attached to the motherboard and, there, to a common electrical path, called bus,
that enables data flow between the various system components.

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 An integrated circuit (IC) contains many microscopic pathways capable of carrying
electrical current. Each integrated circuit can contain millions of elements such as resistors,
capacitors, and transistors. Transistors act as electronic switches that may or may not allow
current to pass through. If current passes through, the switch is on, representing the 1 bit. If
current does not pass through, the switch is off, representing a 0 bit. Thus, combinations of
transistors can stand for combinations of bits, which represent numbers, letters, and other
characters. The motherboard in the system unit contains many different types of chips. A
miniaturized central processing unit can be etched on a chip, then the term computer on a chip.
A central processing unit on a chip is called a microprocessor. On a personal computer, the
central processing unit (CPU) usually is contained on a single chip. On the larger computers such
as mainframes and supercomputer, the various functions performed by CPU are spread across
many separate chips. Today's popular Pentium microprocessor contains more than one hundred
million transistors.
Ultimately, the type of processor and the amount of RAM placed on the motherboard define
the computer’s speed and capacity. The processor is generally not made by the manufacturers of
PCs. It is made by companies that specialized in the development and manufacture of
microprocessors. A number of companies make microprocessors, including Intel, IBM,
Motorola, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), and Cyrix. Most chips are no bigger than one-half-
inch square. Manufacturer’s package chips so the chips can be attached to a circuit board such as
a motherboard, memory module, or adapter card.
A variety of chip packages exist. One type,
called a dual inline package (DIP), consists of two
parallel rows of pints that attach the chip package
to the circuit board. A pin grid array (PGA)
package holds a larger number of pins because the
pins are mounted on the surface of the package. A
flip chip-PGA (FC-PGA) package is a higher-
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performance PGA packaging that places the chip on the opposite side of the pins. Another high
performance packaging technique does not use pins. A single edge contact (SEC) cartridge
connects to the motherboard on one of its edges.

The Central Processing Unit

The central processing unit (CPU), also called processor, interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate a computer. The CPU significantly impacts overall computing power
and manages most of a computer's operations. On larger computers, such as mainframes and
supercomputers, the various functions performed by the processor extend over many separate
chips and often multiple circuit boards. On a personal computer, all functions of the processor
usually are on a single chip.
Most processor chip manufacturers now offer multi-core processors. A multi-core processor
is a single-chip with two or more separate processors. Two common multi-core processors used
today are dual-core and quad-core. A dual-core processor is a chip that contains tow separate
processors. Similarly, a quad-core processor is a chip with four-separate processors. Each
processor on a multicore chip generally runs at a slower clock speed than a single-core processor,
but multi-core ships typically increase overall performance.

Memory
While performing a processing operation, a processor needs a place to temporarily store
instructions to be executed and the data to be used with those instructions. The CPU cannot
process data on an input device or disk directly; the data must first be available in memory. A
computer's memory in the system unit, located physically close to the CPU (to decrease access
time), provides the CPU with a working storage area for program instructions, data and
information. Memory is also known as primary storage or internal storage. Memory usually
consists of one or more chips on the motherboard or some other circuit board in the computer.
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 The major feature of memory is that it rapidly provides the instructions and data to the CPU.
Memory stores three basic categories of items:
(1) the operating system and other system software that control or maintain the computer
and its devices;
(2) application programs that carry our a specific task such as word processing; and
(3) the data being processed by the application programs and resulting information.
This role of memory to store both data and programs is known as the stored program concept.

Memory and storage sizes

Programs and data are placed in memory before processing, between processing steps, and
after processing has ended, prior to being returned to secondary storage or released as output.
Recall that a character is stored in the computer as a group of 0s and 1s, called a byte. Thus, a
byte is the basic storage unit in memory. Like the CPU, memory components contain thousands
of circuits imprinted on a silicon chip. Each circuit is either conducting electrical current (on) or
not (off). By representing data as a combination of on or off circuit states, the data is stored in
memory. When application program instructions and data are transferred into memory from
storage devices, each of bytes is placed in a precise location in memory, called an address. This
address is simply a unique number identifying the location of the byte in memory. To access data
or instructions in memory, the computer references the addresses that contain bytes of data. The
size of memory is measured by the number of bytes available for use (Figure 4-17). A kilobyte of
memory is equal to exactly 1,024 bytes. To make storage definitions easier to identify, computer
users often round a kilobyte down to 1,000 bytes. A megabyte (MB) is equal to approximately 1
million bytes. A gigabyte (GB) equals approximately 1 billion bytes. A terabyte (TB) is equal to
approximately 1 trillion bytes.

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 The system unit contains two types of memory: volatile and nonvolatile. The contents of
volatile memory are lost when the computer power is turned off. In nonvolatile memory, the
combination of circuit states is fixed, and therefore the contents of nonvolatile memory are not
lost when power is removed from the computer. RAM is the most common type of volatile
memory. Examples of nonvolatile memory include ROM, flash memory and CMOS. The
following subsections discuss these types of memory.

RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) is the memory chips that are mounted directly on the
motherboard or mounted on peripheral cards that plug into the motherboard. The RAM chips
consist of millions of switches that are sensitive to changes in electric current. When the
computer is powered on, certain operating system files are loaded from a storage device such as
a hard disk into RAM. These files remain in RAM as long as the computer is running. As
additional programs and data are requested, they are read from storage into RAM. The processor
acts upon the data while it is in RAM. During the running time, the contents of RAM may
change as the program is executed.
RAM comes in many different varieties. Three basic types of RAM are dynamic RAM,
static RAM, and magnetoresistive RAM. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) must be refreshed (or
recharged) constantly by the CPU or it loses its contents. Many variations of DRAM chips exist,
most of which are faster than the basic DRAM. One type of DRAM is Synchronous DRAM
(SDRAM), which is much faster than DRAM because it is synchronized to the system clock.
Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM chips are eve faster than SDRAM chips because they transfer
data twice for each clock cycle, instead of just once, and DDR2 and DDR3 are even faster than
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DDR. Dual channel SDRAM is faster than single channel SDRAM because it delivers twice the
amount of data to the processor. Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) is yet another type of DRAM that is
much faster than SDRAM because it uses pipelining techniques. Most personal computers today
use some form of SDRAM chips or RDRAM chips.
Static RAM (SRAM) is faster and more reliable than any form of DRAM. The term static
refers to the fact that it does not have to be re-energized as often as DRAM. SRAM is much
more expensive than DRAM, thus it is usually used for special purpose, such as used in cache.
A newer type of RAM, called magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), stores data using magnetic
charges instead of electrical charges. Manufacturers claim that MRAM has greater storage
capacity, consumes less power, and has faster access times than electronic RAM. Also, MRAM
retains its contents after power is removed from the computer, which could prevent loss of data
for users. As the cost of MRAM declines, experts predict MRAM could replace both DRAM and
SRAM.
RAM chips usually are packaged on a small circuit board, called memory module, which is
inserted into the motherboard (Figure 4-19). Three types of memory modules are SIMMs,
DIMMs, and RIMMs. A single inline memory module (SIMM) has pins on opposite sides of the
circuit board that connect together to form a single set of contacts. With a dual inline memory
module (DIMM), the pins on opposite sides of the circuit board do not connect and thus form
two sets of contacts. SIMMs and DIMMs typically hold SDRAM chips. A Rambus inline
memory module (RIMM) houses RDRAM chips.
The amount of RAM a computer requires often depends on the types of applications you
plan to use on the computer. A computer only can manipulate data that is in memory. A
computer needs a certain amount of memory to store programs, data, and information. The more
RAM a computer has, the faster the computer will respond.

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 A memory module being inserted in a motherboard

A software package usually indicates the minimum amount of RAM it requires. If you want
the application to perform optimally, typically you need more than the minimum specifications
on the software package. The necessary amount of RAM varies according to the type of work
you do and the type of software applications you are using. The amount of RAM on your
computer determines how many programs and how much data a computer can handle at one time
and thus affects overall performance. Generally, home users running Windows Vista and using
basic application software such as word processing should have at least 1GB of RAM. Most
business users who work with accounting, financial, or spreadsheet programs, and programs
requiring multimedia capabilities should have 1 to 4 GB of RAM. Users creating professional
Web sites or using graphicsintensive applications will want 4GB or more of RAM. The amount
of RAM in computers purchased today ranges from 1GB to 64GB. In an
advertisement,manufacturers specify the maximum amount of RAM a computer can hold, for
example, 1GB expandable to 2GB.

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ROM
Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions.
That is, the items stored in ROM chips cannot be modified--hence, the name read-only. ROM is
usually nonvolatile. In ROM, the combination of circuit states is fixed, and therefore its contents
are not lost if the power is removed. The data, instructions, or information stored on ROM chips
often are recorded when the chip is manufactured. ROM chips that contain permanently written
data, instructions, or information are called firmware. Firmware can be read and used, but cannot
be changed by user. For example, ROM contains the programs that direct the computer to load
the operating system and other files when the computer is turned on. In addition to computers,
many devices contain ROM chips. For example, ROM chips in printers contain data for fonts.
Programmable read-only memory (PROM) is a blank ROM chip on which you can
permanently place data and programs. Once the data and instructions are programmed into
PROM chip, the chip functions like a regular ROM and cannot be erased or changed. A variation
of the PROM chip, called electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)
chip, allows a programmer to erase the microcode with an electric signal. EEPROM chips are
where the CPU's data and instructions change, but only infrequently, such as an industrial robot
used in an automobile manufacturer.

Flash Memory
Another type of nonvolatile memory is called flash memory. Flash memory is a chip that
keeps its memory when the power is shut off. Similar to a EEPROM chip, flash memory can be
erased electronically and reprogrammed. Most computers use flash memory to hold their startup
instructions because it allows the computer easily to update its contents. For example, when the
computer changes from standard time to day-light savings time, the contents of a flash memory
chip (and the real-time clock chip) change to reflect the new time.
Flash memory chips also store data and programs on many mobile computers and devices,
such as smart telephones, digital cameras, pagers, PDAs, automotive devices, portable media
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players, digital voice recorders, and printers. When you enter names and addresses in a smart
phone or PDA, a flash memory chip stores the data. Some portable media players such as MP3
players store music on flash memory chips; others store music on tiny hard disks or flash
memory cards. The logic capabilities of these devices can be upgraded by simply downloading
new software from the Internet or a vendor-supplied disk to flash memory.

CMOS
Some RAM chips, flash memory chips, and other types of memory chips use complementary
metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology because it provides high speeds and consumes
little power. CMOS technology uses battery power to retain information even when the power to
the computer is off. Batterybacked CMOS memory chips, for example, can keep the calendar,
date, and time current even when the computer is off. The flash memory chips that store a
computer's startup information often use CMOS technology.

Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards

An expansion slot is a socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card. An adapter
card, also called expansion card, is a circuit board that enhances functions of a component of the
system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals. A peripheral is a device that connects to
the system unit and is controlled by the processor in the computer. Examples of peripherals are
modems, disk drives, printers, scanners, and keyboards. The adapter cards contain the electronic
circuitry for many supplemental capabilities, such as more memory, higher-quality sound
devices, a modem, extra ports, or graphics capabilities. Figure shows an expansion card being
plugged into an expansion slot on a personal computer motherboard. Figure below lists currently
used types of adapter cards. Sometimes, all functionality is built in the adapter card. With others,
a cable connects the adapter card to a device, such as a digital video camera, outside the system
unit.

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 An adapter card being inserted in an expansion slot

Some motherboards include all necessary capabilities and do not require adapter cards.
Other motherboards may require adapter cards to provide capabilities such as sound and video. A
sound card is used to enhance the sound-generating capabilities of a personal computer by
making two basic functions possible. First it enables sounds to be captured and stored on disk.
Second, it enables sounds to be played through external speakers. The sound card can add
realism to computer games with stereo music and sound effects.

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 Currently used adapter cards and their functions

It also allows us to speak commands and enter words to our PCs via speech recognition. The
typical sound card will have receptacles for a microphone, a headset, an audio output, and a
joystick. A video card, also called video adapter or graphics card, converts computer output into
a video signal that is sent through a cable to the monitor, which displays an image on the screen.
In the past, installing a card was not easy and required you to set switches and other
elements on the motherboard. Today, many computers support Plug and Play, which refers to the
computer's capability to automatically configure adapter cards and other peripherals as you
install them. Having Plug and Play support means that a user can plug in a new component turn
on the computer, and then use or play the component without having to configure the system
manually. There are four widely used types of removable flash memory devices: flash memory
cards, USB flash drives, PC cards, and ExpressCard modules. Unlike adapter cards that require
you to open the system unit and install the card on the motherboard, you can change a removable
flash memory device without having to open the system unit or restart the computer. This

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feature, called hot plugging, allows you to insert and remove the removable flash memory and
other devices while the computer is running.

Flash memory cards and USB flash drive

A flash memory card is a removable flash memory device, which you inset and remove from
a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card reader/writer. Many mobile and consumer devices,
such as smart phones, digital cameras, portable media players, and PDAs use these memory
cards. Some printers and computers have built-in card readers/writers or slots that read flash
memory cards. In addition, you can purchase an external card reader/writer that attaches to any
computer. Flash memory cards are available in a variety of shapes, sizes and capacities.
A USB flash drive is a flash memory storage device that plugs in a USB port on a computer
or portable device. A special type of USB flash drive, called a U3 smart drive, includes
preinstalled software accessed through a Window-type interface.
Many computers have a PC Card slot or an Express Card slot, which is a special type of
expansion slot that holds a PC Card or an Express Card module, respectively. A PC Card is a
thin, credit card-sized removable flash memory device that primarily is used today to enable

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notebook computers to access the Internet wirelessly. Express Card modules are the next
generation of PC Cards. An Express Card module, which can be used as a removable flash
memory device, adds memory, communications, multimedia, and security capabilities to
computers. Both PC Cards and Express Card modules conform to standards developed by the
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. These standards help to ensure the
interchangeability of PC Cards and Express Card modules among personal computers.
Other Components
Buses
As previously explained, a computer processes and stores data as a series of electronic bits.
These bits are transferred internally within the circuitry of the computer along electrical
channels. Each channel, called a bus, allows the various devices inside and attached to the
system unit to communicate with each other. Just as vehicles travel on a highway to move from
one destination to another, bits travel on a bus.

A PC Card slides in a PC Card slot

Buses are used to transfer bits from input devices to memory, from memory to the CPU,
from the CPU to memory, and from memory to output or storage devices. All buses consist of
two parts: a data bus and an address bus. The data bus transfers actual data and the address bus
transfers information about where the data should go in memory.

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 A bus is measured by its size. The size of a bus, called the bus width, determines the number
of bits that can be transmitted at one time. For example, a 32-bit bus can transmit 32 bits (4
bytes) at a time. On a 64-bit bus, 64 bits (8 bytes) are transmitted from one location to another at
a time. The larger the number of bits handled by the bus, the faster the computer transfers data. If
a number in memory occupies 64 bits, it must be transmitted in two separate steps when using a
32-bit bus: once for the first 32 bits and once for the second 32 bits. Using a 64-bit bus, however,
the number can be transmitted in a single step, transferring all 64 bits at once. The wider the bus,
the fewer number of transfer steps required and the faster the transfer of data. Most personal
computers today use a 64-bit bus. Every bus also has a clock speed. Just like the processor, the
clock speed for a bus is measured in megahertz. The higher the bus clock speed, the faster the
transmission of data, which results in applications running faster. Most of today's processors
have a bus clock speed of 400, 533, 667, 800, 1066, or 1333 MHz.

Just as vehicles travel on a highway, bits travel on a bus

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 Buses allow the various devices inside and attached to the system unit to communicate
with each other

Two basic types of buses are found in a computer: a system bus and an expansion bus. A
system bus is part of the motherboard and connects the CPU to main memory. An expansion bus
allows the CPU to communicate with peripheral devices. Data transmitted to the CPU travels
from the expansion bus and the system bus. When computer professionals use the term bus by
itself, they usually are referring to the system bus. Since the types of expansion buses on a
motherboard determine the types of expansion cards you can add, you should understand the
expansion buses commonly found in today's personal computers:

 An old and slowest expansion bus is the ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus. A mouse,
modem card, sound card, and low-speed network card are examples of devices that connect
to the ISA bus directly or through an ISA bus expansion slot.

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 The PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus is a high-speed expansion bus that
connects higher speed devices. Types of cards inserted into a PCI bus expansion slot
include video cards, sound cards, SCSI cards, and high-speed network cards. The PCI bus
transfers data about four times faster than the ISA bus. Most current personal computers
have a PCI bus.
 The PCI Express (PCIe) bus is an expansion bus that expands on and doubles the speed of
the original PCI bus. Nearly all video cards today use the PCI Express bus, as well as many
hard disks and network cards. Experts predict the PCI Express bus eventually will replace
the PCI bus completely.
 The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is actually a bus designed by Intel to improve the
speed with which 3-D graphics and video are transmitted. When an AGP video card is
inserted in an AGP bus slot, the AGP bus provides a faster, dedicated interface between the
video card and memory. Newer processors support AGP technology.
 The Universal Serial Bus (USB) and FireWire bus are buses that eliminate the need to install
expansion cards into expansion slots. In a computer equipped with a USB, USB devices are
connected to each other outside the system unit and then a single cable attaches to the USB
port. The USB port then connects to USB, which connects to the PCI bus on the
motherboard. The USB hot plug feature allows peripheral devices to be connected to or
removed from the USB port while the PC is running. The FireWire bus works in a similar
fashion. With these buses, expansion slots are available for devices not compatible with
USB or FireWire.
 The expansion bus for a PC Card is the PC Card bus. With a PC Card inserted into a PC
Card slot, data travels on the PC Card bus to the PCI bus.

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 A system unit has many ports

Ports and Connectors

A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit so
that the peripheral can send data to or receive information from the computer. An peripheral
device, such as a keyboard, monitor, printer, mouse, digital camera, and microphone, often
attaches by a cable to a port on the system unit. Most of the time, ports are located on the back of
the system unit, but they also can be placed on the front .
A connector joins a cable to a port. A connector at one end of a cable attaches to a port on
the system unit, and a connector at the other end of the cable attaches to a port on the peripheral.
Most connectors are available in one of two genders: male and female. Male connectors have one
or more exposed pins.
Female connectors have matching holes to accept the pints on a male connector.
Manufacturers often identify the cables by their connector types to assist you with purchasing a

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cable to connect a computer to a peripheral. Figure show the different types of connectors you
may find on a system unit. Notice that some are color-coded to help you match the connector to
the correct port. Some system units include these connectors when you buy the computer. You
add other connectors by inserting adapter cards on the motherboard. Certain adapter cards have
ports that allow you to attach a peripheral to the adapter card.
The motherboard is designed with several port options, including at least one serial port and
parallel port each, several USB ports, and a FireWire port.
 A serial port is a type of interface that connects a device to the system unit by transmitting
data one bit at a time. It usually used to connect devices that do not required fast data
transmission rates, such as a mouse or keyboard. The COM port (short for communications
port) on the system unit is one type of serial port. Some modems, which connect the system
unit to a telephone line, use a serial port because the telephone line expects the data in a
serial form. Serial ports conform to either the RS-232 or RS-422 standard with 9-pin or 25-
pin. One of the 9 or 25 lines carries the serial signal to the peripheral device, and another
line carries the signal from the device. The other lines carry control signals.
 Parallel ports allow the parallel transmission of data; that is, several bits are transmitted
simultaneously. Figure also shows how 8-bit bytes travel in parallel over 8 separate lines.
Extra lines carry control signals. Parallel ports use the same 25-pin RS-232C connector or
the 36-pin Centronics connector. These ports provide the interface for such devices as high-
speed printers, external magnetic tape or disk backup units, and other computers. Two newer
types of parallel ports, the EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port) and the ECP (Extended Capabilities
Port), use the same connectors as the Centronics port, but are more than 10 times faster.

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 A serial port and parallel port

 USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports are used in high-speed device interfaces. Up to 127
peripheral devices can be daisy-chained to a single USB port. USB ports are ideal for digital
cameras, scanners, games controllers, MP3 music player, CD & DVD, removable hard disk,
PDA, smart phone, and high-speed modems. Many system units have six to eight USB ports.
Some newer peripheral devices may attach only to a USB port. Others attach to either a
Date Developed: Document No. TM-I
Install and July 2021 (Information and Communication Technology)
Date Revised: Issued by:
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Computer Developed by: PSU
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 serial or parallel port, as well as a USB port. When connecting a device to a USB port, you
do not need to install a card in the computer. Simply plug one end of the cable into the USB
port and the other end into the device. To attach multiple peripherals using a single USB
port, you can use a USB hub. A USB hub is a device that plugs in a USB port on the system
unit and contains multiple USB ports in which you plug cables from USB devices. Some
USB hubs are wireless. The latest version of USB, called USB 2.0, is a more advanced and
faster USB, with speeds 40 times higher than that of its predecessor.

USB and FireWire ports are replacing traditional ports

 FireWire ports, also called IEEE 1394 port, are similar to the USB port and can connect
multiple types of devices that require faster data transmission speeds such as digital video
cameras, digital VCRs color printer, scanners, digital cameras, and DVD drives to a single
connector. Up to 63 devices can be connected together using a FireWire port. The latest
FireWire version, called FireWire 800, is much more advanced than its predecessor,
FireWire 400. The FireWire also supports Plug and Play. Many computer professionals
believe that ports such as USB and FireWire someday will replace serial and parallel ports
completely. Having standard ports and connectors, such as USB and FireWire, greatly
simplify the process of attaching devices to a computer. In general, FireWire has replaced
parallel and SCSI ports, and USB ports have replaced mouse, keyboard, serial, audio, and
Date Developed: Document No. TM-I
Install and July 2021 (Information and Communication Technology)
Date Revised: Issued by:
Configure
Computer Developed by: PSU
Systems Danjo C.
Fernandez Revision # 01
 parallel ports. Some newer computers do not have a serial or parallel port. Users plug the
device in a USB or FireWire port. Figure 4-32 shows how USB and FireWire are replacing
other ports completely.

There are five special-purpose ports available: MIDI, eSATA, SCSI, IrDA, and Bluetooth.
These ports are not included in typical computers. For a computer to have these ports, you often
must customize the computer purchase order. MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) ports
connect the system unit to a musical instrument, such as an electronic keyboard. The electronic
music industry has adopted MIDI as a standard to define how devices, such as sound cards and
synthesizers, represent sounds electronically. A synthesizer, which can be a peripheral or a chip,
creates sound from digital instructions. A system unit with a MIDI port has the capability of
recording sounds that have been created by a synthesizer and the processing the sounds to create
new sounds. Nearly every sound card supports the MIDI standard, so you can play and
manipulate on one computer sounds that originally were created on another computer.
An eSATA (external Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) port, allows you to connect
an external SATA hard disk to a computer. SATA hard disks are popular because of their fast
data transmission speeds. eSATA connections provide up to six times faster data transmission
speeds than external hard disks attached to a computer's USB or FireWire port.
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) ports are special high-speed parallel port and
provide a parallel interface that enables faster data transmission than serial and parallel ports.
Also up to 15 SCSI peripheral devices can be daisychained to a single SCSI port; that is, they are
connected along a single cable. The first SCSI device connects to the computer, the second SCSI
device connects to the first SCSI device, and so on. SAS (serial-attached SCSI) is a newer type
of SCSI that transmits at much faster speeds than parallel SCSI.
Power Supply, Cooling Technology
Many personal computers plug in standard wall outlets, which supply an alternating current
(AC) of 115 to 120 volts. This type of power is unsuitable for use with a computer, which
Date Developed: Document No. TM-I
Install and July 2021 (Information and Communication Technology)
Date Revised: Issued by:
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Computer Developed by: PSU
Systems Danjo C.
Fernandez Revision # 01
requires a direct current (DC) ranging from 5 to 12 volts. The power supply is the component of
the system unit that converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power. Different motherboards
and computers require different wattages on the power supply. If a power supply is not providing
the necessary power, the computer will not function properly.

Built into the power supply is a fan that keeps the power supply cool. Many newer
computers have additional fans near certain components in the system unit such as the processor,
hard disk, and ports. Processor chips generate quite a bit of heat, which could cause the chip to
burn up. Although the computer’s main fan generates airflow, many of today’s processors
require additional cooling. A heat sink is a small ceramic or metal component with fins on its
surface that absorbs and disperses heat produced by electrical components such as a processor.
Because a heat sink consumes extra space, smaller device called a heat pipe cools processors in
notebook computers.

Date Developed: Document No. TM-I

Install and July 2021 (Information and Communication Technology)
Date Revised: Issued by:
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 ANSWER KEY

SELF CHECK 1.1-1

A. TRUE OR FALSE
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE

B. MATCHING TYPE
1. B
2. E
3. A
4. C
5. D
SELF CHECK 1.1-2
A. TRUE OR FALSE
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE
6. FALSE
7. TRUE

Date Developed: Document No. TM-I

Install and July 2021 (Information and Communication Technology)
Date Revised: Issued by:
Configure
Computer Developed by: PSU
Systems Danjo C.
Fernandez Revision # 01
 ANSWER KEY
SELF CHECK 1.1-3
A. TRUE OR FALSE
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE

B. MATCHING TYPE
1. B
2. E
3. A
4. D
5. C

Date Developed: Document No. TM-I

Install and July 2021 (Information and Communication Technology)
Date Revised: Issued by:
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 TASK SHEET 1.1-4
Identify the Different Computer Components and
Peripherals

Performance In the tool shop, given the supplies, computer components

Objectives: and peripherals, materials, and equipment, you are required to
identify the different computer components and peripherals and
their specifications in 15 Minutes.

Materials, Tools and Equipment:

Materials:
o Pencil or Pen and Paper -
Equipment
o Computer -
o Personal Protective Equipment -

Steps/Procedure:
1) Proceed to the station (with PC Unit) assigned to you
2) Identify the different components and write the specifications of each component on your
paper.
3) Submit output to trainer for evaluation

Assessment Method: Practicum with interview

Date Developed: Document No. TM-I

Install and July 2021 (Information and Communication Technology)
Date Revised: Issued by:
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Computer Developed by: PSU
Systems Danjo C.
Fernandez Revision # 01
 TASK 1.1-4
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Criteria Yes No

Computer components and peripherals are identified correctly

Questions about the computer components and peripherals are

answered correctly
Personal Protective Equipment(PPE) were used properly

The objective of the activity are achieved accordingly

Date Developed: Document No. TM-I

Install and July 2021 (Information and Communication Technology)
Date Revised: Issued by:
Configure
Computer Developed by: PSU
Systems Danjo C.
Fernandez Revision # 01