“Heaven’s Light is Our Guide”

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Programming in C

Lab Manual

Lab 1
Fundamentals of C Programming

INDEX

Lab Objectives

Background

Some Examples

Exercises
Lab Objectives:
 Explain the basic components of a C Program
 To study about data type, identifiers and operators
 To explain the operation of arithmetic operators, relational operators, increment &
decrement operators
 To acquire knowledge for the evaluation of different types of expressions

Background:
Some basic header files used in C:

Header File Explanation

<stdio.h> Contains function prototypes for the standard input output library function and
the information to use them

<stdlib.h> Contains function prototypes for the conversion of number to text and text to
number, memory allocation, random number, and other utility functions

<math.h> Contains function prototypes for math library functions (such as: abs(), sqrt(),
pow()…)

<string.h> Contains function prototypes for string processing functions (such as: strlen(),
strrev()…)

Some basic Data types used in C:

Name Description Size* Range*

signed: -128 to 127
char Character 1 byte
unsigned: 0 to 255
signed: -32768 to 32767
short int (short) Short integer 2 bytes
unsigned: 0 to 65535
signed: -2147483648 to 2147483647
int Integer 4 bytes
unsigned: 0 to 4294967295
signed: -2147483648 to 2147483647
long int (long) Long integer 4 bytes
unsigned: 0 to 4294967295
float Floating point number 4 bytes 3.4e +/- 38 (~7 digits)

double Double precision floating point number 8 bytes 1.7e +/- 308 (~15 digits)
There are two types of arithmetic operators in C:

• Unary arithmetic operators ( ++ , )

• Binary arithmetic operators ( + ,*,/,%)

 Increment & Decrement Operators: C has two special operators for incrementing or
decrementing a variable by 1:

 ++ (increment)

 -- (decrement)

 Compound assignment operators:

Operator Example Longer Expression Description

+= a += b a=a+b Add, then assign

-= a -= b a=a-b Subtract, then assign

*= a *= b a=a*b Multiply, then assign

/= a /= b a=a/b Divide, then assign

%= a %= b a=a%b Compute remainder, then assign

 The ‘ sizeof ’ operator:

It is a unary operator which is used to find the size of data type, constant, arrays, structure
etc.

Some Examples:
1. Write a program that displays “Why so serious ??? ...”.
Program code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
printf("Why so serious ??? ... ");
return 0;
}
2. Write a program that read an integer, a floating point number, a long integer, a
character and displays all of them.
Program code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int integerNumber;
float floatNumber;
long longInteger;
char character;
// For Integer Number
printf("\nEnter an integer: ");
scanf("%d",&integerNumber);
// For Floating Point
printf("\nEnter a floating point number: ");
scanf("%f",&floatNumber);
// For Long Integer
printf("\nEnter a long number: ");
scanf("%ld",&longInteger);
// For Character
printf("\nEnter a character: ");
scanf(" %c",&character);
// Display All:
printf("\n your integer is %d ", integerNumber);
printf("\n your floating point number is %f ", floatNumber);
printf("\n your long number is %ld ", longInteger);
printf("\n your character is %c ", character);
return 0;
}

3. Write a program that reads two integers and displays their sum, difference ( i.e.,
Number1 – Number2) & product.
Program Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int a,b;
printf("Enter first integer:");
scanf("%d",&a);
printf("\nEnter second integer:");
scanf("%d",&b);
printf("\nSum is %d",a+b); // for summation
printf("\nDifference is %d",a-b); // for subtraction
printf("\nProduct is %d",a*b); // for multiplication
return 0; }
4. Write a program that reads two integers and compares them by using different
Relational Operators ( < , > , <= , >= , == , != ).
Program code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int number1, number2;
printf("Enter 1st Integer(x): ");
scanf("%d",&number1);
printf("Enter 2nd Integer(y): ");
scanf("%d",&number2);

printf("\nFor '<' Operator:\n");

printf("\t x < y : %d\n",number1<number2);
printf("\t y < x : %d\n",number2<number1);
printf("\nFor '>' Operator:\n");
printf("\t x > y : %d\n",number1>number2);
printf("\t y > x : %d\n",number2>number1);
printf("\nFor '<=' Operator:\n");
printf("\t x <= y : %d\n",number1<=number2);
printf("\t y <= x : %d\n",number2<=number1);
printf("\nFor '>=' Operator:\n");
printf("\t x >= y : %d\n",number1>=number2);
printf("\t y >= x : %d\n",number2>=number1);
printf("\nFor '==' Operator:\n");
printf("\t x == y : %d\n",number1==number2);
printf("\t y == x : %d\n",number2==number1);
printf("\nFor '!=' Operator:\n");
printf("\t x != y : %d\n",number1!=number2);
printf("\t y != x : %d\n",number2!=number1);
return 0;
}

5. Write a program that reads the radius of a circle and display its area.
Program code:
#include<stdio.h>
#define PI 3.1416
int main(){
float radius, area;
printf("Enter the Radius of the Circle: ");
scanf("%f",&radius);
area = PI * radius * radius;
printf("\n The Area of the Circle = %.3f\n", area);
return 0; }
6. Write a program that displays the size of constant and different types of variables.
Program code:
#include <stdio.h>
#define PI 3.1416
int main(){
int a; float b; double c; char d;
printf("Size of Constant PI=%d bytes\n",sizeof(PI));
printf("Size of int=%d bytes\n",sizeof(a));
printf("Size of float=%d bytes\n",sizeof(b));
printf("Size of double=%d bytes\n",sizeof(c));
printf("Size of char=%d byte\n",sizeof(d));
return 0;
}

Exercise:
1. Write a program that displays your name, roll no. & department (each information
in a new line).
Sample Output:
NAME: James Bond
Roll no.: 643007
Department: Crime & Investigation

2. Write a program that generates the following output:

*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
3. Write a program that reads temperature in Celsius and displays in Fahrenheit.
The equation to convert temperature is-
C / 5 = (F-32) / 9
Here, C is temperature in Celsius and F is temperature in Fahrenheit.
4. Write a program that converts dollar into taka.
5. Write a program that converts a given number of days into months and days.
[Assume, 1 month = 30 days]
6. Write a program that reads the base & the height of a triangle and displays its area.
7. Write a program that accepts two different values in variable a & b and interchanges
their values.