Software Development Team

WORKSHOP KIT ON PHP

SOFTPRO LEARNING CENTER

(A UNIT OF SOFTPRO INDIA COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES (P) LTD LTD)
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About The Company

Softpro India Computer Technologies (P) Limited is one of the growing IT companies in
consulting and software development, founded in 2004 by technocrats from IIT Kanpur
and IET Lucknow, and a renowned member of UPDESCO. A dynamic new generation
software solution as well as networking product Development Company.Softpro India's
advisory board is a combination of renowned people from academics and corporate on
honorary basis like Prof. Onkar Singh Yadav (VC
(VC- MMMUT), Prof. D S Yadav (Director-
(Director
GEC, Banda), Prof G N Pandey (Ex Director
Director- IET, Lucknow), Prof B B Singh (Ex. Principal,
MMMEC), Er. Shashi Katiyar (Intel Corporation), Er. Deepak Sharma (Oracle
Corporation),
), Er. Vikram Singh (Microsoft, US).

The company has remarkable establishment in the field of software development with
more than 200 clients (Domestic & International), with major clients like Medicounsel
(US), Gas Authority of India Limited, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sahara India,
Commander Works Engineer (CWE) & Garrison Engineers (Ministry of Defense).

"Softpro Learning Center", the training division of the company was established in 2008
with the clear vision to reduce the Technology Gap preva
prevailing
iling between IT students and
IT professionals. We have come a long way since the start; the company is an ISO 9001:
2000 certified company. Softpro Learning Center has established itself as one of the
most promising center for learning across UP and nearb
nearby states.

SLC services include imparting Summer Training to B.Tech students, Industrial Training
to MCA/BCA students and Apprenticeship Program to pass out students of
B.Tech/BCA/MCA. In the year 2015, we had a crowd of approx. 2000 students who did
their summer training from Softpro making us the largest learning centers of North
India. Moreover 60% of the total trainees of ours are placed in big brands like TCS and
Wipro.

Our Mission:

Since its inception, Development and Educational Wings of Softpro India Ind Computer
Technologies (P) Ltd. with its goal oriented mission is perpetually achieving success.

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PHP Scripting Language
What is PHP: - PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor
Preprocessor. It is widely used open source, general purpose
programming language or server side scripting language that is specially suited for web development
and can be embedded into HTML.

Features of PHP
It is the most popular and frequently used world wide scripting language, the main reason of popularity
is; It is open source and very simple.

Simple
It is very simple and easy to use, compare
compared to other scripting languages and is widely used all over
the world.

Interpreted
It is an interpreted language i.e. there is no need for compilation.

Faster
It is faster than other scripting language
languages e.g. asp and jsp.

Open Source
Open source means you need not have to pay for using php, you can freely download and use.

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Platform Independent
PHP code can run on any platform like Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, Windows.

Case Sensitive
PHP is case
ase sensitive scripting language at the time of variable declaration. In PHP, all keywords (e.g.
if, else, while, echo, etc.), classes, functions, and user
user-defined
defined functions are NOT case-sensitive.
case

Uses of PHP

• It is use to create dynamic website.

• It is use to send and receive em

mails.

• You can use PHP to find today's date, and then build a calendar for the month.

• If you host banner advertisements on your website, you can use PHP to rotate them randomly.

• Using php you can count your visitors on your website.

• You can use PHP to create a special area of your website for members.

• Using php you can create login page for your user.
Using php you can add, delete and modify elements
ements within your database through PHP. Access
cookies variables and set cookies.

• Using PHP, you can restrict users to access some pages of your website.

• It can encrypt data.

• PHP performs system functions, i.e. from files on a system it can create, open, read, write, and
close them.

• It can handle forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file.

Prerequisites

Before learning this PHP Kit you

u must be basic knowledge of C, HTML, CSS, Javascript, AJAX,
AJAX
JQuery, XML etc. And also you have good command on looping statements (for, while,
do..while)and control flow statements (if..else)

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How to Install PHP Server

To install PHP, we will suggest you to install AMP (Apache, MySQL, PHP) software stack. It is available
for all operating systems. There are many AMP options available in the market that are given below:

• WAMP for Windows

• LAMP for Linux
• MAMP for Mac
• SAMP for Solaris
• XAMPP (Cross, Apache, MySQL, PHP, Perl) for Cross Platform: It includes some other
components too such as FileZilla, OpenSSL, Webalizer, OpenSSL, Mercury Mail etc.

If you are on Windows and don't want Perl and other features o
off XAMPP, you should go for WAMP.
In a similar way, you may use LAMP for Linux and MAMP for Macintosh.

Basic Syntax of PHP

• PHP code is start with <?php and ends with ?>

• Every PHP statements end with a semicolon (;).

• PHP code save with .php extension.

• PHP contain some HTML tag and PHP code.

• You can place PHP code anywhere in your document.

PHP Syntax

<?php
// PHP code goes here
?>

PHP files save with .php extension and it contain some HTML and PHP code.
PHP Syntax

<!DOCTYPE html>

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<html>
<body>

<h1>This is my first PHP code</h1>

</h1>

<?php
echo "Hello World!";
?>

</body>
</html>

Output

This is my first PHP code

Hello World!

Variable in PHP

Variable is a container that contains a value, which may get change during the execution of the
program.

Syntax to declare variable in php

Syntax

$variablename=value;

Example of variable in php

<?php

$str="Hello world!";

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$a=5;
$b=10.5;
echo "String is: $str <br/>";
echo "Integer is: $x <br/>";
echo "Float is: $y <br/>";

?>

Output

String is: Hello world!

Integer is: 5

Float is: 10.5

Variable $str will hold the string value Hello world!,, variable $x will hold the interger value 5 and
variable $y will hold float value 10.5
10.5.

Rules to declare variable in PHP

• A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable

• A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character

• A variable name can't start with a number.

• A variable name can only contain alpha

alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z,
z, 0-9,
0 and _ )

• Variable names are case-sensitive

ive ($str and $STR both are two different)

Super Global Variable in PHP

• $_GET
• $_POST
• $_REQUEST
• $_SESSION
• $_COOKIES

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• $_FILES
• $_SERVER

Constant in PHP

Constants are name or identifier that can't be changed during the execution of the script. In php
constants are define in two ways;

• Using define() function

• Using const keyword

In php decalare constants follow same rule variable declaration. Constant start with letter or
underscore only.

Create a PHP Constant

Create constant in php by using define() function.

Syntax

define((name, value, case-insensitive

insensitive)

• name: Specifies the name of the constant

• value: Specifies the value of the constant

• case-insensitive:
insensitive: Specifies whether the constant name should be case
case-insensitive.
insensitive. Default is false

In below example we create constant with case

case-sensitive

Example of constant in php

<?php
define("MSG","Hello world!");
echo MSG;
?>

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Output
Hello world!

In below example we create constant with case

case-insensitive

Example of constant in php

<?php
define("MSG","Hello world!", true
true);
echo msg;
?>

Output
Hello world!

Define constant
nstant using cons keyword in PHP

The const keyword defines constants at compile time. It is a language construct not a function. It is bit
faster than define(). It is always case sensitive.

Example of constant in php

<?php
cons MSG="Hello world!";
echo MSG;
?>

Output
Hello world!

Datatype in PHP

PHP data types are used to hold different types of data or values. PHP supports the following data
types:

• String
• Integer

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• Float
• Boolean
• Array
• Object
• NULL
• Resource

Comments in PHP

Comments in any programming language is used to discribe code and make simple to understand
other programmer and it is ignore by compiler or interpreter.

PHP supports single line and multi line comments. PHP comments are similar to C/C++ and
an Perl style
(Unix shell style) comments.

PHP Single Line Comments

There are two ways to use single line comments in PHP.

• // (C and C++ style single line comment)

• # (Unix Shell style single line comment)

Syntax

<?php

// this is C++ style single line comment

# this is Unix Shell style single line comment
echo "Welcome to PHP single line comments"
comments";

?>

Output
Welcome to PHP single line comments

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 Software Development Team
PHP Multi Line Comments

In PHP, we can comments multiple lines also. To do so, we need to enclose all lines within /* */. Let's
see a simple example of PHP multiple line comment.

Syntax

<?php

/*
Anything placed
within comment
will not be displayed
on the browser;
*/
echo "Welcome to PHP multi line comment"
comment";

?>

Output
Welcome to PHP multi line comment

How to fetch a variable’s value in PHP

In PHP there are four way to get your output is; echo, print, print_r(), printf().

Print String using echo

Syntax

<?php
echo "<h2>My First PHP Code</h2>"
Code</h2>";
?>

Output
My First PHP Code

Print Variable value using echo

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Syntax

<?php
$str="Hello php"
echo "<h2>My Message: $str</h2>"
$str</h2>";
?>

Output
My Message: Hello PHP

Difference between echo and print

echo has no return value while print has a return value of 1 so it can be used in expressions.

Operators in PHP

Operator is a symbol which is used to perform operations on operands. Here you can see very simple
example of operator
Example

$num=4+5;

In the above example, + is the binary + operator, 4 and 5 are operands and $num is variable.

PHP divides the operators in the following groups:

• Arithmetic Operators

• Comparison Operators

• Bitwise Operators

• Logical Operators

• String Operators

• Incrementing/Decrementing Operators

• Array Operators

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• Assignment Operators

Control Statements in PHP

For Loop in PHP

The for loop is used when you know in advance how many times the script should run. In php for loops
execute a block of code specified number of times.

Syntax

for (initilation; condition; increment

increment/decrement)
{
code to be executed;
}

Example of for Loop in PHP

<?php

for ($i = 0; $i <= 10; $i++)

{
echo "$i <br>";
}

?>

Output
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

While Loop in PHP

The while loop is used when you don't know how many times the script should run. while loops
execute a block of code while the specified condition is true same like for loop.

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 Software Development Team
Syntax

while(condition)
{
//code to be executed
}

Example of while Loop in PHP

<?php

$n=0;
while($n<=10)
{
echo "$n<br/>";
$n++;
}

?>

Output
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

do..while Loop in PHP

do..while loop is used where you need to execute code at least once. The do...while loop will always
execute the block of code once, it will then check the condition, and repeat the loop while the
specified condition is true.

Syntax

do
{
//code to be executed
}
while(condition);

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Example of do....while Loop in PHP

<?php

$x = 0;

do
{
echo "$x <br>";
$x++;
} while ($x <= 10);

?>

Output
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

if else in PHP

In php if else statement is used to test condition. If conditon is true execute the code other wise
control goes outside.

PHP If Statement

PHP if statement is executed if condition is true.

Syntax

if(condition)
{
//code to be executed
}

if Statement Example in PHP

<?php

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$age=20;
if($age<18)
{
echo "$You are Adult";
}

?>

Output
You are Adult

PHP If-else Statement

PHP if-else
else statement is executed whether condition is true or false.

Syntax

if(condition)
{
//code to be executed if true
}
else
{
//code to be executed if false
}

if else Example in PHP

<?php

$num=10;
if($num%2==0)
{
echo "$num is even number";
}
else
{

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echo "$num is odd number";

}

?>

Output
10 is even number

Break Statement in PHP

PHP break statement breaks the execution of current for, while, do

do-while, switch and for-each
for loop. If
you use break inside inner loop, it breaks the execution of inner loop only..

Syntax

jump statement;
break;

PHP Break inside loop

Example of break in php

<?php

for($i=1;$i<=10;$i++)
{
echo "$i <br/>";
if($i==5)
{
break;
}
}

?>

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Output
12345

PHP Break inside inner loop

Example break in php

<?php

for($i=1;$i<=3;$i++)
{
for($j=1;$j<=3;$j++)
{
echo "$i $j<br/>";
if($i==2 && $j==2)
{
break;
}
}
}

?>

Output
1112132122313233

PHP Break: inside switch statement

Example break in php

<?php

$num=5;
switch($num){
case 1:
echo("Monday");
break;
case 2:
echo("Tuesday");

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break;
case 3:
echo("Wednesday");
break;
case 4:
echo("Thursday");
break;
case 5:
echo("Friday");
break;
case 6:
echo("Saturday");
break;
case 7:
echo("Sunday");
break;

?>

Output
Friday

String Functions in PHP

String: - A string is a sequence of characters, like "Hello world!".

PHP have lots of predefined function which is used to perform operation with string some functions
are

strlen()

strrev()

strpos()

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str_word_count()

str_replace()

strtolower()

strtoupper()

ucwords()

ucfirst()

lcfirst()

Array in PHP

Array :-An
An array stores multiple values in one single variable:

PHP have lots of predefined function which is used to perform operation with array some functions
are

array()

array_filter()

array_key_exists()

array_fill()

array_slice()

array_sum() etc

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Connect PHP Code with DataBase

mysqli_connect() function is used to connect php code with MySQL database. It returns resource if
connection is established otherwise null.
Syntax

resource mysqli_connect (server,, username, password)

PHP mysqli_close()

mysqli_close() function is used to disconnect php code with MySQL database. It returns true if
connection is closed otherwise false.
Syntax

bool mysqli_close(resource
resource $resource_link
$resource_link)

Connect php code with MySQL Database

Example to connect php code with MySQL Database

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername
$servername, $username, $password);

// Check connection
if (!$conn)
{
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error
mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo "Connected successfully";

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mysqli_close($conn);

?>

Display Date and Time in PHP

Using now() function you can get current data and time and store it into database but first choose
column name date and time because now() now work with date datatype.

Display today date and time on webpage using PHP

<?php

$mydate=getdate(date("U"));
echo "$mydate[weekday], $mydate[month] $mydate[mday], $mydate[year]"
$mydate[year]";

?>

Live Demo
Thursday, February 2, 2017

Insert today date in database

Insert system date and time in database using mysql

<?php
$sql = "insert into user(f_name, l_name, date)
VALUES('$f_name', '$l_name', now())"
now())";

$result = mysql_query($sql);
?>

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Transfer Data from One Page to aanother Page in PHP

To transfer data from one web page to another webpage we need Html form and using
usin action="" we
transfer form data on another page.

Using $_POST['field_name'] we receive form data on another page in PHP if method is post in case of
get method use $_GET['field_name'];.

index.html
Html page

<form action="display.php" method

method="post" id="nameform">
First Name: <input type="text" name
name="fname"></br>
Last Name: <input type="text" name
name="lname"></br>
<button type="submit" form="nameform"
"nameform" value="submit">Submit</button>
<button type="reset" value="Reset"
"Reset">Reset</button>
</form>

display.php
Receive form data on other page

<?php

$first_name = $_POST['fname'];
$last_name = $_POST['lname'];

echo $first_name;
echo $last_name;

?>

When you fill html form all data will be transfer from index.php to display.php

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PHP Interview Questions for Freshers

What is PHP ?

PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor It is open source server side scripting language. It support
many database for example: MySQL, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, generic ODBC etc.

Why use PHP ?

It is used for design server side code.

What is PEAR in PHP ?

PEAR stands for PHP Extension and Application Repository

Repository.. It contains all types of PHP code snippets
and libraries.

Who is father of PHP ?

Father of php is; Rasmus Lerdorf

What was the old name of PHP ?

Personal Home Page.

Difference b/w static and dynamic websites ?

Static websites,, content can't be changed after running the script.

Dynamic websites,, content of script can be changed at the run time. Example of dynamic website are;
Google, Yahoo, Facebook etc.

Name of scripting engine in PHP ?

The scripting engine that powers PHP is called Zend Engine 2.

Difference between PHP4 and PHP5. ?

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PHP4 doesn't support oops concept and uses Zend Engine 1.

PHP5 supports oops concept and uses Zend Engine 2.

Difference between "echo" and "print" in PHP ?

Print return value but echo not return any value .Echo is faster than print because it does not return
any value.

Differentiate between require and include? ?

Require and include both are used to include a file, but if file is not found iinclude
nclude sends warning
whereas require sends Fatal error.

Popular Content Management Systems (CMS) in PHP ?

Some popular CMS in php are given below;

• WordPress

• Drupal

• Joomla

• Magento

Use of count() function in PHP ?

Count() function is used to count total elements in the array, or something an object.

Difference between session and cookie ?

The main difference between session and cookies is that cookies are stored on the user's computer in
the text file format while sessions are stored on the server side.
You
ou can manually set an expiry for a cookie, while session only remains active as long as browser is
open.

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How can you retrieve a cookie value ?
Syntax

echo $_COOKIE ["user"];

How to download file in PHP ?

Using readfile() function you can download file in PHP.

Syntax

int readfile ( string $filename )

How to delete file in PHP ?

Using unlink() function you can delete file in PHP.

Syntax

bool unlink (string $filename)

How can you send email in PHP ?

Using mail() function you can send email in PHP.

Syntax

bool mail($to,$subject,$message
$message,$header);

Different loops in PHP ?

Loops supported by PHP are; for, while, do..while, for each.

How can you submit a form without a submit button ?

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 Software Development Team

Using JavaScript submit() function you can submit the form without explicitly clicking any submit
button.

Why use strlen() function in php ?

In php strlen() function is used to get the length of string.

Explain "GET" and "POST" methods.

Both the methods are used to send data to the server.

GET method - the browser append Post method - the
appends the data onto the URL and it is visible in URL.Post
data is sent as standard input and data not visible in URL.

What is the array in PHP ?

In PHP array are used to store multiple value in single variable

How to create connection in PHP ?

Using mysqli_connect() function you can create connection in PHP.

Syntax

resource mysqli_connect (server,, username, password)

What is $text vs. $$text in PHP ?

$text is a variable with a fixed name. $$text is a variable whose name is stored in $text .
If $text contains "var", $$text is the same as $var.

How to stop the execution of PHP script ?

Using exit() function you can stop the execution of PHP script.

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How will you find out the value of current session id ?

Using session_id() find out the value of current session id.

What are the popular frameworks in PHP ?

Some popular frameworks in php are given below;

• Symfony

• CodeIgniter

• Yii 2

• Zend Framework

How will you create a database using PHP and MySQL ?

Using mysql_create_db("Database Name") you can create a database using PHP and MySQL.

Which programming language does PHP resemble to ?

PHP has borrowed its syntax from Perl and C.

How to connect MySQL database with PHP ?

There are two methods to connect MySQL database with PHP.

• Procedural

• object oriented style.

Types of errors in PHP ?

There are 3 types of error in php which are geven below;

• Notices: These types of error are the non

non-critical
critical errors. These errors are not displayed to the
users.

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• Warnings: These types of error are more serious errors but they do not result in script
termination. By default, these errors are displayed to the user.
• Fatal Errors: These types of error are the most critical errors. These errors may be a cause of
immediate termination of script.

Encryption functions in PHP ?

Encryption
on functions in php are; CRYPT() and MD5()

Give method to register a variable into a session ?

Syntax

<?php

Session_register($ur_session_var
$ur_session_var);

?>

What is a session ?

PHP Engine creates a logical object to preserve data across subsequent HTTP requests, which is known
as session.
Sessions generally store temporary data to allow multiple PHP pages to offer a complete functional
transaction for the same user.

What are the methods of form submitting in PHP ?

There are two methods GET and POST

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Some Assignment

ID Task – 1

1.1 Write
ite a program in php to find greatest no. among three number.

1.2 Write a program in php to find a no. is prime or not.

1.3 Write
te a program in php to check the no. is odd or even.

1.4 Write a program in php to check the no. is armstrong or not.

1.5 Develop a program to generate Fibonacci sequence up to n terms using Recursion.

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ID Task - 2

2.1 Write a program in php to print a table of given number.

2.2 Write a program in php to print prime numbers between 1 to 100.

2.3 Write a program in php to accept an integer and print it in reverse order.

Input= 123

Output=321

2.4 Write a program in php to enter a character in a variable and check that the character is
vowel or consonant using switch
witch case.

2.5 Write a program in php to calculate sum of all no. like 5236 5+2+3+6=16

2.6 Make a mini project CALCULATOR

2.7 Make a mini project TEMPRATURE CONVERTOR

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ID Task -3

3.1 Write a program to enter n no. in an array and calculate the addition and average of the array
and display the calculation.

3.2 Develop a web page using php to take username as input and display username in Uppercase
and Lowercase Letters.

3.3 Develop a web page using php to check whether two strings are equal or not.

3.4 Develop a web page using php to copy one string to another.

3.5 Develop a web page using php to calculate a length of a String.

3.6 Develop a web page using php to calculate highest no. of an array.

3.7 Develop a web page using php to calculate lowest no. of an array.

3.8 Develop a web page using php to check the given sting is palindrome or not.

For any queries related to PHP or any othe

other subjects/technology, drop us a mail at
[email protected] or visit our website at www.softproindia.org or www.trainingatsoftpro.com

You can also call us at +91 7080102008, 8882318008

Thanks,

Rohit Kumar

Project Manager, Softpro India

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