4

3 When a salmon swims up a river to breed, it often has to jump up waterfalls. Fig. 3.1 shows a
salmon jumping above the surface of the water. On this occasion the salmon falls back down into
the river.

salmon

waterfall

river

Fig. 3.1

The salmon has a mass of 2.0 kg.

(a) The salmon leaves the water vertically with a kinetic energy of 16.2 J.

(i) Calculate the speed of the salmon as it leaves the water.

speed = ........................................................ [2]

(ii) Calculate the maximum height gained by the salmon. Ignore air resistance.

gain in height = ........................................................ [3]

(iii) After the salmon has re-entered the river, it has lost nearly all its original kinetic energy.

State what has happened to the lost energy.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2014 0625/32/M/J/14

 5

3 Fig. 3.1 shows an aircraft on the deck of an aircraft carrier.

Fig. 3.1

The aircraft accelerates from rest along the deck. At take-off, the aircraft has a speed of 75 m / s.
The mass of the aircraft is 9500 kg.

(a) Calculate the kinetic energy of the aircraft at take-off.

kinetic energy = ...........................................................[3]

(b) On an aircraft carrier, a catapult provides an accelerating force on the aircraft. The catapult
provides a constant force for a distance of 150 m along the deck.

Calculate the resultant force on the aircraft as it accelerates. Assume that all of the kinetic
energy at take-off is from the work done on the aircraft by the catapult.

force = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18 [Turn over

 8

4 A child’s toy launches a model parachutist of mass 0.40 kg vertically upwards. The model For
parachutist reaches a maximum height of 8.5 m. Examiner’s
Use

(a) Calculate

(i) the gravitational potential energy gained by the model parachutist,

energy = ................................................. [2]

(ii) the minimum possible speed with which the model parachutist was launched.

speed = ................................................. [3]

(b) In practice, the launch speed must be greater than the value calculated in (a)(ii).

Explain why.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) As the model parachutist returns to the ground, it loses gravitational potential energy.

Explain what happens to this energy as the model parachutist falls through the air at
constant speed.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2013 0625/33/O/N/13

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3 (a) On a day with no wind, a fountain in Switzerland propels 30 000 kg of water per minute to a
height of 140 m.

Calculate the power used in raising the water.

power = ............................................... [4]

(b) The efficiency of the pump which operates the fountain is 70%.

Calculate the power supplied to the pump.

power = ............................................... [3]

(c) On another day, a horizontal wind is blowing. The water does not rise vertically.

Explain why the water still rises to a height of 140 m.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2014 0625/31/M/J/14