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Technical Report112

This document describes a seminar report on a weather monitoring system using IoT presented by Anvith K S. The report discusses the need for a real-time local weather monitoring system to help farmers in India take appropriate agricultural decisions given the unpredictable weather and increasing population. It proposes an IoT-based system to automate agricultural practices like irrigation and fertilization based on real-time data from sensors measuring temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and rainfall. The system architecture uses an Arduino Uno, sensors, WiFi module and LCD display. Environmental data is sent to ThingSpeak to enable real-time visualizations and analysis, helping farmers make timely decisions to maximize crop yields.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
53 views27 pages

Technical Report112

This document describes a seminar report on a weather monitoring system using IoT presented by Anvith K S. The report discusses the need for a real-time local weather monitoring system to help farmers in India take appropriate agricultural decisions given the unpredictable weather and increasing population. It proposes an IoT-based system to automate agricultural practices like irrigation and fertilization based on real-time data from sensors measuring temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and rainfall. The system architecture uses an Arduino Uno, sensors, WiFi module and LCD display. Environmental data is sent to ThingSpeak to enable real-time visualizations and analysis, helping farmers make timely decisions to maximize crop yields.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology,

Chikkamagaluru–577102
(Affiliated to VTU,Belagavi-590018)

Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Seminar Report[17ECS86]

Title :Weather Monitoring System using IoT

Submitted By

Name: Anvith K S

USN:4AI17EC011

Semester and Section:VIII(A)

2020–2021
ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.

CHIKKAMAGALURU-577102

(Affiliated to VTU,Belagavi-590018)

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Anvith K S bearing USN 4AI17EC011 has


presentedthe seminar entitled “Weather Monitoring System using IoT”.
He has satisfactorily completed the seminar(17ECS86), prescribed by
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI
for 8thsemester ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING in this institute for the academic year 2020-2021.

Signature of Staff in charge Signature of Reviewer


Dr.Kumuda.T Dr.ANILKUMAR.C
BE,M.Tech,Ph.D BE,M.Tech,Ph.d
Professor Associate Professor

Signature of Co-ordinator Professor and HOD


Mr.H.K.CHANDRASHEKAR Dr.GOUTHAM.M.A
BE, ME BE, M.Tech,Ph.d
Associate Professor Professor
Abstract

In recent times it is seen that the climatic and weather conditions not only in India
but also in other countries have become uncertain and unpredictable, which may
have devastating effects on the agriculture production. India being an agricultural
country, most of the farmers largely rely on monsoons and agricultural production
is weather dependent. The environmental factors like temperature, humidity,
moisture, precipitation and many other parameters keep on changing rapidly and
unpredictably.This unpredictable nature, variability of climatic or weather
conditions makes the life of farmers quite miserable as they are unable to take
proper decisions at the right time. Thus, it is the need of the hour to have a real-
time, local weather station which would keep the farmers informed well in
advance about the prevailing weather conditions so that they can take appropriate
decisions at the right time and save their crops from loss. Precision Agriculture
(PA) is an art of using the latest available technologies in the agriculture domain
so as to make traditional agriculture more profitable and sustainable while
reducing the wastage of resources. The penetration of internet into India is very
deep and very fast, especially due to the Jio mania by Reliance Jio Infocomm
Limited last year, high speed internet is now possible even in rural areas. This
paper proposes a IoT based real-time local weather station for PA, that would
provide farmers a means of automizing their agricultural practices (irrigation,
fertilization, harvesting) at the right time. The proposed system would also aid the
farmers to carry out the agricultural tasks on real-time bases, which in turn helps
them to use the agricultural resources in efficient way and at the time when needed
by the crops. The proposed weather system is a small step towards the
development of PA system considering the Indian scenarios.

i
Ffhhh
TABLEOF CONTENTS
Abstract i
Index ii
ListofFigures iii

INDEX
SL.NO CONTENT PAGE NO
CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION 4
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 History 6
CHAPTER2 METHODLOGY 7
2.1 Materials 7
2.2 Methods 8
2.3 System Architecture 10
2.3.1 Arduino Uno 11
2.3.2 Rain level sensor 11
2.3.3 Temperature and humidity sensor 11
2.3.4 Soil Moisture Sensor 12
2.3.5 Wifi 12
2.3.6 LCD Display 12
2.4 System Design 13

2.4.1 ThingSpeak Visualizations 14


2.4.2 ThingSpeak Anaylis 19

2.4.3 Advantages 19
2.4.4 Applications 19

ii
Ffhhh
TABLEOF CONTENTS

CHAPTER3 Implementation 20
3.1. Problem Statement 20
3.2. Proposed Model. 20
3.3. Environmental Monitoring System 20
3.4. Execution 22

Conclusion 23
References 24

ii
i
LISTOFFIGURES

SL.NO CONTENT PAGENO

1.1 Application of IoT 6


2.1 Block diagram of proposed weather system 8
2.2 System Architecture 10
2.3 Flowchart of proposed weather system 13
2.4 Real-time variation in temperature 14
2.5 Real-time variation in Absolute pressure 15
2.6 Real-time variation in Relative pressure 15
2.7 Real-time variation in Humidity 16
2.8 Real-time variation in Light intensity 16
2.9 Real-time variation in Dew point variation 17
2.10 Histogram plot of temperature and humidity 18

iii
Weather monitoring system using Iot

CHAPTER1:
1.1 INTRODUCTION

India still occupies the second position in the list of most populated countries in the
world. It is also predicted that by 2030, India will surpass China to occupy the first place in terms
of population. If the present situation of Indian agriculture prevails, the day is not far away when
we will have to grow our own crops or vegetables to survive. It has been seen that, India being
agricultural country, is unable to cater to the increasing demands for agricultural products due to
exponential rise in the population. The population explosion has very devastating effects on the
Indian agriculture. Due to increase in population and urbanization, the agricultural land is
decreasing alarmingly as shown in the study . In the present context, the agriculture is not
proving to be a profitable and sustainable alternative for Indian farmers at least. In spite of the
hard work, the present agricultural practices are not yielding the desired results in favor of
farmers. There is a lot of pressure on farmers to fulfill the ever increasing demands for the
agricultural products while the resources are scarce like water, machinery and tools (high cost).
Apart from these factors, the Indian agriculture is also effected by present climatic conditions
like humidity, wind speed, moisture levels have significant role in growth of the crop .
Population control and climate control seems to be insurmountable at least in the near future. The
alternative to this would be to develop a low-cost weather prediction and monitoring system
which would provide the farmers with the local, real-time climatic and prevailing weather
conditions, so that most of the agriculture tasks can be carried out on time and which in turn
would avoid untimely losses. One of the earliest implementations of weather station was
developed with serial communication .The work in showed implementation of weather system
based on serial communication. Then came the research works of with the internet connectivity
option using GSM and Ethernet modules. The parameters monitored were humidity, temperature,
rain, solar radiation and UV radiations.

Two such implementations came up back-to-back with ZigBee protocol and Arduino
andNwhich were able to measure the weather data, including barometric pressure, dew point
temperature, air temperature, wind speed and wind direction, relative humidity in first
implementation, while the latter collected the air temperature and humidity values.

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The ZigBee communication technology is well associated with automation and its low-
data rate capability makes it as good choice for PA systems, especially in weather stations.With
the popularity of ZigBee technology, one more research articlecame up with mini weather station
which provided crop protection against frost and strong winds. The system was controlled by a
central station that processes the data from mini stations and as an output it generated alarms
well in advance against high amplitudes of frost or winds so that the necessity actions could be
initiated. Meanwhile, due to miniaturizations and recent developments in semiconductor
technologies, reduced costs, led researchers to make use of wireless sensor networks for sensing
the weather parameters.
In a rainfall monitoring system was developed using wireless sensor networks, the rain
gauge measurements were sent to the public web server via General Packet Radio
Service(GPRS). One of the implementations of monitoring system based on wireless sensor
network in green houses was developed by some of the parameters like temperature, humidity
and illumination were measured, the performance and the effectiveness of the proposed
algorithm was done in terms of data delivery rates. Similar implementation based on wireless
sensor networks could be seen as the design and operation of data acquisition system, which
provides different functionalities to ascertain irrigation requirements based on weather and
percolation of soil (lysimetric data). Some researchers thought of making use of non-
conventional energy resources into the weather systems.work was carried by in which a solar
powered remote weather station was developed for measuring relative humidity and temperature,
solar radiation and rain. The developed system relied completely on the sun’s energy, which
could create problems during cloudy and rainy conditions due to the absence of backup power
storage module to make sure that it does work without interruption in unfavorable climatic
conditions.Apart from harvesting sun’s energy, it the requirement of any PA system that it has to
use the scarce agricultural resources such as water and fertilizers very wisely. This requirement
of PA system was fulfilled by where authors were able to design and test a web-based decision
support system for conserving water and intelligently scheduling irrigation process.

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1.2 History
The system used Geographic Information System maps to provide the information about
the climate and soil properties. Another requirement of PA systems is that it has to use the latest
cutting edge technologies, but at the same time the cost factor is to be kept at the minimum. It
was in the same year, when an embedded design of a low-cost weather station was developed
which monitored three weather parameters; wind speed, wind directions and temperature.

In a similar work developed a low-cost sensing platform and tested it by mounting it on a


small Unmanned Arial Vehicle (UAV) which was used to measure and monitor the canopy
temperature in a sugar beet field so as to manage the irrigation of the field. Temperature
measurements were done using a cost-effective infra-red sensor. IoT is one of the latest cutting
edge platform which is capable of providing one more dimension to the present conventional
agriculture practices to a connected (Internet) farming or smart farming so as take the Indian
agriculture altogether to new heights which would ease the burden on the farmers and make
agriculture sustainable and profitable for them. This requirement led the researchers all over the
world to develop precise weather system for the farmers so that they get the reward for their hard
work and avoid them from going into debts and losses. Due to the emergence This resulted in
the requirement of IoT based weather stations.

Fig 1.1:Applications of Iot

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CHAPTER2:
METHODOLOGY:

2.1 Materials
The problem definition is to develop a low-cost Weather Monitoring system for Precision
Agriculture implementation in India. The materials required are classified into two categories:
Hardware and Software. The proposed system uses open source hardware and software
platforms. The hardware part consists of a low-cost and low power system on-Chip (SoC)
microcontroller that has integrated Wi-Fi and dual mode Bluetooth. ESP32 is based on dual-core
32-bit Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor. ESP32 belongs to the class of ES8266
microcontrollers but has many outstanding features like ultra- low power coprocessor, more
number of General Purpose Input and Output Pins (GPIOs) built-in sensors (touch sensors,
temperature sensor and Hall effect sensor), 18 channels of 12- bit ADCs, two 8-bit DACs and
many more other features that makes it the ideal choice for IoT applications. Apart from this the
other hardware includes the low-cost sensor modules. The sensors used to provide the precise
parameters includes rain sensor (YL-83+LM393), air temperature and humidity sensor (DHT22),
atmospheric pressure sensor (BMP180) and LDR based intensity sensor. These sensors sense the
respective parameters and forward the data to ESP32 module where the data is preprocessed by
the microcontroller. The data is displayed on to the 0.96-inch OLED (yellow and blue color)
graphic display that has 128x64 bit resolution with capability of providing communication using
Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol. ESP32 SoC prototyping board has many features which
makes it a suitable choice for monitoring applications such as weather station.

The software part consists of open-source Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
[15], where the programming is done using C/C++ language functions. Thing Speak IoT
platform [16] is used to collect, store, visualize and analyze the sensor data. Thing Speak is an
open-source IoT platform and Application Programming Interface (API) that can store and
retrieve sensor data using HTTP protocol over the internet. Thing Speak helps to collect the data,
store it, provide the visualization of data, and its analysis. It can also provide the triggers (action)
that can be used to control the devices through the actuators.

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2.2. Methods
The methodology involved in the development of the proposed system is to intelligently
select the low-cost sensors (without compromising with the accuracy and precision), collect data
in real- time, store the data in cloud sever, perform visualization of the sensor data, carry out
analytics on the data to study its current behavior so as to predict its future behavior.

Fig 2.1:Block diagram of proposed weather system

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The system mainly consists of three parts; the first part consists of data collection, the
second part is the data storage and the third one is the data analysis and prediction. Weather data
is collected from the sensors (Temperature, Humidity, Dew Point (derived from temperature and
humidity), Absolute Pressure, Relative Pressure, Light Intensity and Rain data). Once the sensor
data is collected, it is subjected to local processing by the microcontroller where the raw data is
converted to meaningful one. After local processing, the data can be stored optionally by using a
SD card module. The data is then sent to the Thing Speak cloud server for visualization and
analysis .Thing

Speak helps in sending the notifications either in the form of Tweet or email to the users
whenever the aforementioned parameters cross thresholds levels.

Thing Speak apart from providing visualization, helps in storing the data in the server by
creating a channel that can store up to eight fields of data. In this weather system, eight fields
were used to store data. The other functionality provided by the Thing Speak cloud server is data
analytics. The data analytics is provided in the form of MATLAB Analysis and Visualizations..
Once the system is powered ON, the microcontroller and the sensors connected to it are
initialized. If the initialization of DHT22 and BMP180 sensor goes well, then the program is
executed and sensor data is collected by the microcontroller but if th3 initializations fails, then
the program is not executed. The raw data from various sensors is collected and locally
processed by the microcontroller by converting the raw data from the sensors into usable and
meaningful one. The data is displayed and visualized on an OLED graphic display locally. The
weather parameters are then sent to the Thing Speak cloud server. Thing Speak cloud server
serves two purposes here. First is to provide visualization and second to provide analytics which
can further provide the predictions of prevailing weather conditions in near future.The prototype
was developed to provide precise weather conditions prevailing in and around the agricultural
fields. This prototype would serve to be an integral part of any Precision Agriculture system
where the weather parameters are to be precisely measured and monitored. The experimental
setup for the prototype included both hardware and software components. The hardware
component consisted of sensors and the microcontroller, while the software components
consisted of Arduino IDE used for coding the microcontroller.

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2.3 System Architecture

In IOT enabled weather monitoring system project, Arduino Uno measures four
weather parameters using four respective sensors. These sensors are temperature sensor,
humidity sensor, moisture sensor and rain level sensor. These four sensors are directly
connected to Arduino Uno. Arduino Uno has inbuilt Analog to digital converter. Arduino
calculates and displays these weather parameters on LCD display. Then it sends these
parameters to Internet using IOT techniques. The process of sending data to the internet using
Wi-Fi is repeated after constant time intervals. Then the user needs to visit a particular website to
view this weather data. The project connects and stores the data on a web server. Hence user
gets Live reporting of weather conditions. Internet connectivity or Internet connection with
Wi-Fi is compulsory in this IOT based weather monitoring reporting system project.

Fig 2.2:System Architecture of weather monitoring system

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2.3.1 Arduino Uno:


Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board developed by Arduino. Which is an open-source
electronics platform mainly based on AVR microcontroller Atmega328. The current version of
Arduino Uno comes with USB interface, 6 analog input pins, 14 I/O digital ports that are used to
connect with external electronic circuits. Out of 14 I/O ports, 6 pins can be used for PWM output.
It allows the designers to control and sense the external electronic devices in the real world. This
board comes with all the features required to run the controller and can be directly connected to
the computer through USB cable that is used to transfer the code to the controller using IDE
software, mainly developed to program Arduino. Programming languages like C and C++ are
used in IDE. Apart from USB, battery or AC to DC adopter can also be used to power the board.
Arduino Uno are the most official versions that come with Atmega328 8-bit AVR Atmel
microcontroller where RAM memory is 32KB.

2.3.2 Rain level sensor:


The rain sensor module is an easy tool for rain detection. It can be used as a switch when
raindrop falls through the raining board and also for measuring rainfall intensity. The analog
output is used in detection of drops in the amount of rainfall. Connected to 5V power supply, the
LED will turn on when induction board has no rain drop, and DO output is high. When dropping
a little amount water, DO output is low,

2.3.3 Temperature & Humidity Sensor:


This DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor features digital signal output .It is integrated with
a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller. Its technology ensures the high reliability and excellent
long-term stability. It has excellent quality, fast response, anti-interference ability and high
performance. Each DHT11 sensors features extremely accurate calibration of humidity
calibration chamber. The calibration coefficients stored in the OTP program memory, internal
sensors detect signals in the process, we should call these calibration coefficients. The single-wire
serial interface system is integrated to become quick and easy. Small size, low power, signal
transmission distance up to 20 meters, enabling a variety of applications and even the most
demanding ones. The product is 4-pin single row pin package. Convenient connection, special

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packages can be provided according to users need.

2.3.4 Soil Moisture Sensor:


Soil moisture sensors measure the contents in soil. Since the direct gravimetric measurement of
free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and weighting of a sample, soil moisture sensors
measure the volumetric water content indirectly by using some other property of the soil, such as
electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture
content.

The relation between the measured property and soil moisture must be calibrated and may vary
depending on environmental factors such as soil type, temperature, or electric conductivity.
Reflected microwave radiation is affected by the soil moisture and is used for remote sensing in
hydrology and agriculture. Portable probe instruments can be used by farmers or gardeners.

2.3.5 WiFi
Module: The Arduino Uno WiFi is an Arduino Uno with an integrated WiFi module. The board
is based on the ATmega328P with an ESP8266 WiFi Module integrated. The ESP8266 WiFi
Module is a self contained SoC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give access to
your WiFi network (or the device can act as an access point). One useful feature of Uno WiFi is
support for OTA (over-the-air) programming, either for transfer of Arduino sketches or WiFi
firmware.

2.3.6 LCD Display:


A Liquid Crystal Display commonly abbreviated as LCD is basically a display unit built using
Liquid Crystal technology. When we build real life/real world electronics based projects, we need
a medium/device to display output values and messages. The most basic form of electronic
display available is 7 Segment displays – which has its own limitations. The next best available
option is Liquid Crystal Displays which comes in different size specifications. Out of all
available LCD modules in market, the most commonly used one is 16×2 LCD Module which can
display 32 ASCII characters in 2 lines. To establish a good communication between human world
and machine world, display units play an important role. And so they are an important part of
embedded systems.

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2.4 SystemDesign

After the successful development of the prototype, it was tested in laboratory for data.
collection and monitoring. The prototype was able to precisely collect all the weather parameters
(Temperature, Humidity, Dew Point, Absolute Pressure, Relative Pressure, Light Intensity and Rain fall
amount) in real-time. The results obtained were used for two purposes, out of which the first one is data
visualization and the second one is the data analysis.

Fig 2.3:Flowchart for the proposed weather system


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Weather monitoring system using Iot

2.4.1 ThingSpeak Visualizations


ThingSpeak cloud server provides two functionalities, first one visualization and
second analysis or analytics based on MATLAB. The visualization functionality was used to
visualize eight sensor fields (parameters). The important tabs pertaining to the dashboard of
ThingSpeak are the channel id and API keys (read and write). The channel can be made private or
public (visible to others). In this prototype, the channel is made private at present. Along with the
other tabs for visualizations, it also provides MATLAB Analysis and Visualization as shown.
The templets used for MATLAB Visualizations for the developed prototype were used to
visualize all the eight field parameters, Histogram plot of humidity and temperature to understand
data variation, correlated or scatterplots of (temperature & humidity, Absolute & relative
pressures, Humidity & dew point and finally Temperature & dew point).

Fig 2.4:Real-time variation in Temperature (field chart 1)

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Fig: 2.5 :Real-time variation in Absolute Pressure (field chart 2)

Fig 2.6:Real-time variation in Relative Pressure (field chart 3)

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Fig 2.7:Real-time variation in Humidity (field chart 4)

Fig 2.8:Real-time variation in Light Intensity (field chart 4)

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Fig 2.9:Real-time variation in Dew point Variation (field chart 8)

The field 1 chart corresponds to temperature while field 2 chart represents absolute pressure. As
seen from the first plot Fig.2.4, over the time, increase in the temperature can be seen till 2:00
p.m. in the afternoon while slow fall in temperature thereafter. Similar observation was made
with the second field chart Fig.2.5, where a steady increase is seen.
Field chart 3 and 4 in Fig.2.6 and Fig.2.7 corresponds to relative pressure and humidity
respectively. It can be observed from the plots of Fig.2.4 and Fig. 2.7 that the temperature and
humidity are inversely related, that is increase in temperature causes decrease in humidity and
vice-versa.
Figure. 2.8 and 2.9 gives the variation of light intensity and dew point variations with respect to
time.

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Fig 2.10:Histogram plot of (a) Temperature and (b) Humidity.

Fig 2.10 represents the histogram plots of temperature and humidity respectively. The histogram
plots provide the important insights about the frequency of occurrence of the data. These plots are
helpful in creating the data sets corresponding to different frequency of data occurrence.

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2.4.2 ThingSpeak Analytics (MATLAB analysis and Visualization)

The data analytics helps in studying the current behavior of atmospheric weather,
its past and how it may behave in future, that is its prediction. The data collected is grouped
into data sets and are subjected to data analytics or predictive analytics. The analytics was
carried out by using MATLAB analysis and Visualization provided by the ThingSpeak.
The templets used for MATLAB Analysis for the developed prototype were to calculate and
display average humidity and temperature, calculate and display average absolute and relative
pressures, calculate and display average dew point calculate high and low temperatures.
Similarly, the average variation of any field parameter over any span of time can be obtained
and these fields can be updated in new channel in real-time.

2.4.3 ADVANTAGES:

o IOT weather mentoring system project using Arduino Uno is fully automated.
o It does not require any human attention.
o We can get prior alert of weather conditions
o The low cost and efforts are less in this system
o Accuracy is high.
o Self Protection
o Smart way to monitor Environment
o Efficient

2.4.4 APPLICATIONS:

o The weather forecasting plays very important role in the field of agriculture.
o It is also helpful at places like volcano and rain forests.
o It is quite difficult for a human being to stay for longer time at such places.

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CHAPTER 3:
Implementation:

3.1 Problem Statement


The satellite weather reporting system provides the current condition that does
not give the exact location condition. The drawbacks are in conventional approach where
the devices are costly and have no visualization of information. There is no such
automatic tool to offer the alert signal in case of any abnormalities, so it is difficult to
regulate this abnormality.

3.2 Proposed Model


Weather conditions are tracked in the home’s external envi- ronment or any
buildings and information are transferred to the cloud server. The benefits will be that
this system will manually transmit the real-time environment information. It is possible to
view the information in any part of the world. This application isto monitor and update
the condition of the surroundings regular- ly. Conditions of the environment can be
tracked by gathering the data from the sensors and deposited in the cloud and analyzed
there and then an email, an SMS alerts if the situation of the envi- ronment becomes
abnormal.

3.3 Environment Monitoring System


An IOT application is used to monitor the environment that helps monitor
the environmental condition of any local area or a surrounding area, and with the help of
the internet everyone can view the condition. This application is more efficient, quicker
in offering conditions for the environment [3]. It enables people or government to take
remedial action if the environmental condi- tion becomes abnormal. Environmental
condition monitoring system offers a technique for verifying the condition and changes
occurs over the surrounding. In this system we use Arduino, sound sensor, gas sensor,
temperature sensor, moisture sensor, pressure sensor, IOT module. The humidity and
temperature sensor will track climate change and provide information. It is helpful for ag-
riculture [4]. To monitor pollution over the atmosphere, the gas and sound sensor are
used. Currently, pollution from air and noise makes the environment more susceptible.
Using this module, we can identify the polluted area and expressly create people’s
consciousness for living in the pollution. Changes in the climate system cannot be
accurately defined and sometimes accidentally defined, but with the help of an IOT
module we can characterize more approximate changes in an environment and update
them in the cloud. This system uses many modules as follows:

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Sensor Module:
The sensor network is linked to a hefty amount of small sensor nodes that can be
used as an effective tool for collecting information for different applications under dif-
ferent situations . Different sensors are integrated into this study that has its distinctive
way of collecting information from the surroundings. An integrated circuit sensor
(LM35) used to evaluate temperature with an electrical output proportional to the
temperature (in oC). If the temperature goes up, the fan is going on and vice versa. The
factor of scale is .01V / oC.
MQ-6 gas sensor’s sensitive material is SnO, which has lower conductivity in
clean air. The MQ-6 gas sensor is highly sensitive to Propane, Butane and LPG, as well
as natural gas response. The Sensor could be used to detect various fuel gases,
particularly methane; it is appropriate for separate applications at a low price.

Power Module:
The Power for the system can be provided via the adapter or the USB. Use the
USB cable or an external power supply to power the Arduino board. Source of power can
be se- lected automatically.

Controller Module:
This implementation is controlled by Arduino UNO. The Arduino board
transforms to digital data the analog data produced by the sensor. Arduino is generated to
mon- itor or comprehend the environment or surroundings by receiving feedback from a
variety of sensors and can impact its atmosphere by controlling lights, engines, and other
actuators. The board’s microcontroller is programmed using the Arduino programming
language and Arduino development environment. Arduino proj- ects can be separated or
when operating on a desktop they can interact with software.

IoT Module:
The IoT board is intended to satisfy a range of online application demands
with different benefits that allow the embedded system designer to readily, rapidly and
seamlessly add internet connectivity to their applications. The module’s UART update
feature and webpage management make them excellent for online wireless applications
like environmental sensors and information from moveable battery-operated wireless
sensor net- work devices. Lumisense IoT board is designed with SIM900 GPRS modem
for active internet connection so that it is equipped with a controller for processing all
UART data based on GPRS online data.

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Light Dependent Resistor (LDR):


An LDR is a light-con- trolled variable resistor. The LDR’s strength is
reduced by the in- creasing light intensity falling on it. It has an analog output that is an
input to the nodemcu’s A0 pin.

Raindrop Module:
It is used for rain detection. It can also be used to measure rain intensity. It has
both digital and analog out- put. This module analyses the moisture by means of analog
out- put pin and gives a digital output when the moisture limit exceeds too much. The
more water or less resistance implies the reduced voltage of the output. Whereas, the less
water implies higher re- sistance, i.e, high output voltage on the analog pin. For instance,
a totally dry board will result in five volts of module output. The module’s analog output
is linked to the nodemcu’s A0 pin.

Working of the Analog Pin (A0):


The Nodemcu board has only 1 analog pin, but two analog output devices,
viz, LDR and Raindrop module, are multiplexed to the A0 using two diodes in this
project. The circuit of multiplexing is shown in Figure 1 be- low. Here the Raindrop Vcc
sensor is connected to the nodemcu D7 and the LDR input is connected to the nodemcu
D8. When D7 is high, D8 is low, making LDR off and module raindrop on.Thus the
raindrop sensor output reaches the nodemcu A0 through the diode. Similarly, when D8 is
high and D7 is low, the LDR is on andthe raindrop module is off creating a route for the
LDR output to achieve the nodemcu A0 through the second diode.

3.4 Execution:
Arduino is driven by a USB cable and the four sensors are linked to the Arduino
board and the information collected from the sensors is stored in the cloud and analyzed
there and then an email, an SMS alerts whenever the threshold limit exceeds. The IoT
module is also linked to the Arduino board to receive feedback from the sensors and is
driven by the adapter. The USB cable givespower to the Arduino board and then transfers
information from Arduino board to the computer.

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Weather monitoring system using Iot

CONCLUSION:

By keeping the weather station in the environment for monitoring enables self
protection (i.e., smart environment) to the environment. To implement this need to use the
sensor devices in the environment for collecting the data and analysis. By using sensor
devices in the environment, we can bring the environment into real life. Then the collected
data and analysis results will be available to the user through the Wi-Fi. The smart way to
monitor environment an efficient, low cost embedded system is presented in this paper. It
also sent the sensor parameters to the cloud. This data will be helpful for future analysis and
it can be easily shared to other users also. This model can be expanded to monitor the
developing cities and industrial zones for pollution monitoring. To protect the public health
from pollution, this model provides an efficient and low cost solution for continuous
monitoring of environment.

The developed prototype for precision weather station is capable of providing the
farmers with real-time weather situation and conditions prevailing in and around the
agricultural field. The developed prototype is an important part of PA systems. The low-cost
(open source hardware/software, low cost sensors) nature of the developed prototype will
aid the farmers to carry out agricultural task at right and favorable time. This is a small step
to bring the technology into the agricultural sector, thereby making the agricultural practices
more and more profitable and sustainable for farmers especially from India. As a future
enhancement, few more sensors will be used to sense wind speed and direction and
deploying the prototype into the agricultural field and monitor weather parameters and
convert this prototype in a full-fledged Precision Weather Station which can serve as an
integral part of PA system.

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Weather monitoring system using Iot

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