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Computer System, Devices and Peripherals: Classification of Operating Systems

The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer and performs basic tasks like managing input/output and files. Operating systems can be multi-user, allowing multiple users simultaneously; multiprocessing, supporting multiple CPUs; and multitasking, allowing multiple programs to run concurrently. Basic computer components include the system unit containing the motherboard and components like the CPU, memory, expansion slots, and ports. Additional components are storage devices like hard drives, optical drives, and adapters that enable peripherals.

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45 views3 pages

Computer System, Devices and Peripherals: Classification of Operating Systems

The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer and performs basic tasks like managing input/output and files. Operating systems can be multi-user, allowing multiple users simultaneously; multiprocessing, supporting multiple CPUs; and multitasking, allowing multiple programs to run concurrently. Basic computer components include the system unit containing the motherboard and components like the CPU, memory, expansion slots, and ports. Additional components are storage devices like hard drives, optical drives, and adapters that enable peripherals.

Uploaded by

Mary Grace Salvador
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER SYSTEM, DEVICES AND PERIPHERALS

The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer.
It perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending
output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and
controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
Classification of Operating systems
o Multi-user: Allows two or more users to run programs at the same time.
Some operating systems permit hundreds or even thousands of concurrent
users.

Linux Unix Windows 2000 47


o Multiprocessing : Supports running a program on more than one CPU.

Linux Unix Windows 2000


o Multitasking : Allows more than one program to run concurrently.

Unix Windows 2000 and Windows multi point


o Multithreading : Allows different parts of a single program to run
concurrently.

Linux
Unix
Windows 2000 and Windows 7
o Real time: Responds to input instantly. General-purpose operating
systems, such as DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.

Basic set of devices found in most Personal Computers.

1. System Unit - The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the


chassis. It includes the following parts: Motherboard, Microprocessor,
Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and Cards.
2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board of a
computer. It contains all the circuits and components that run the
computer.
3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or
“heart” of a computer system. It performs all of the instructions and
calculations that are needed and manages the flow of information through
a computer.
4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the
computer's working storage space that holds data, instructions for
processing and processed data (information) waiting to be sent to
secondary storage.

Two (2) Types of Memory


a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds data
even when the power is ON or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data
only when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's
contents are lost.
5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between several hardware
components inside or outside a computer. It does not only connect the
parts of the CPU to each other, but also links the CPU with other important
hardware.

6. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards) that enable


the computer to use a peripheral device for which it does not have the
necessary connections or circuit boards.

7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC


case, next to the motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard house
power) into DC voltages that are used by other components in the
PC.

8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic


storage device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is
used as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the
hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains the
operating system and applications.
9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to
read data on the optical media. There are three types of optical
drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray
Disc (BD).

10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - Designed to optically access


data stored on a DVD. A laser moves back and forth near the disk
surface and accesses data at a very fast rate.

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