Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 92 views

    Biology Eukaryote Prokaryote Cell

    Uploaded by

    mIZZshaNa
    The document discusses the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are organisms made up of cells that lack a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The key differences are that prokaryotes lack a nucleus and organelles, have smaller 70S ribosomes, replicate via binary fission, and lack meiosis, while eukaryotes have a nucleus, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, larger 80S ribosomes, replicate via mitosis, and undergo meiosis during sexual reproduction.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Biology Eukaryote Prokaryote Cell

    Uploaded by

    mIZZshaNa
    92 views8 pages
    The document discusses the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are organisms made up of cells that lack a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The key differences are that prokaryotes lack a nucleus and organelles, have smaller 70S ribosomes, replicate via binary fission, and lack meiosis, while eukaryotes have a nucleus, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, larger 80S ribosomes, replicate via mitosis, and undergo meiosis during sexual reproduction.

    Original Description:

    BRIEFLY ON EUKARYOTES AND PROKARYOTES

    Original Title

    BIOLOGY EUKARYOTE PROKARYOTE CELL

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are organisms made up of cells that lack a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The key differences are that prokaryotes lack a nucleus and organelles, have smaller 70S ribosomes, replicate via binary fission, and lack meiosis, while eukaryotes have a nucleus, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, larger 80S ribosomes, replicate via mitosis, and undergo meiosis during sexual reproduction.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    92 views8 pages

    Biology Eukaryote Prokaryote Cell

    Uploaded by

    mIZZshaNa
    The document discusses the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are organisms made up of cells that lack a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The key differences are that prokaryotes lack a nucleus and organelles, have smaller 70S ribosomes, replicate via binary fission, and lack meiosis, while eukaryotes have a nucleus, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, larger 80S ribosomes, replicate via mitosis, and undergo meiosis during sexual reproduction.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    EUKARYOTES AND PROKARYOTE

    (BIOLOGY)

    SH. NURULJANNAH BT. SYED AMRAN


    KELAS 4 (2011)
    PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN MENENGAH TINGGI PERMATApintar
    EUKARYOTES AND PROKARYOTES
    (CLASSIFICATIONS)

    Margulis and Schwartz


    (1982)

    Prokaryotae Protoctista Animalia Fungi Plantae

    Cyanobacteria

    Eukaryotes
    Bacteria

    DEFINITION

    PROKARYOTES: Organisms made up of cells that lack a cell nucleus or any membrane-
    encased organelles.

    EUKARYOTES: Eukaryotes are organisms made up of cells that possess a membrane-bound


    nucleus (that holds genetic material) as well as membrane-bound organelles.
    CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
    (PROKARYOTES)

    • Capsule - Found in some bacterial cells, this additional outer covering protects the cell
    when it is engulfed by other organisms, assists in retaining moisture, and helps the cell
    adhere to surfaces and nutrients.

    • Cell Wall - Outer covering of most cells that protects the bacterial cell and gives it shape.

    • Cytoplasm - A gel-like substance composed mainly of water that also contains enzymes,
    salts, cell components, and various organic molecules.

    • Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane - Surrounds the cell's cytoplasm and regulates
    the flow of substances in and out of the cell.

    • Pili - Hair-like structures on the surface of the cell that attach to other bacterial cells.
    Shorter pili called fimbriae help bacteria attach to surfaces.

    • Flagella - Long, whip-like protrusion that aids in cellular locomotion.


    • Ribosomes - Cell structures responsible for protein production.

    • Plasmids - Gene carrying, circular DNA structures that are not involved in reproduction.

    • Nucleiod Region - Area of the cytoplasm that contains the single bacterial DNA
    molecule
    CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
    (EUKARYOTES)

    • Nucleus: controls the cell’s activities; contains the DNA

    • Cell membrane: A tough, flexible lipid bilayer made of phospholipids,


    protein, and other molecules.

    • Cytoplasm: Jellylike substance that fills the inside of a cell

    • Ribosomes : make proteins

    • Mitochondria: Produce energy in the cell


    • Endoplasmic reticulum: "tunnels" in the cytoplasm that allow materials to
    move through the cell easier

    • Golgi complex: Modifies proteins; packages secreted proteins; sort other


    proteins to vacuoles and other organelles

    • Microtubules: Provide structural support

    • Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum): Manufactures proteins

    • Smooth ER: Lipid synthesis; drug detoxification; calcium ion storage

    • Flagella: Cell locomotion by sperm cells and some unicellular eukaryotes

    • Lysosomes: Contains enzymes that break down ingested materials, secretions,


    wastes
    SIMILARITIES:

    1. They both have DNA as their genetic material.


    2. They are both membrane bound.
    3. They both have ribosomes .
    4. They have similar basic metabolism .
    5. They are both amazingly diverse in forms.

    DIFFERENCES:

    Characteristics Prokaryotes Eukaryotes


    Size of cell Typically 0.2-2.0 m m in Typically 10-100 m m in
    diameter diameter
    Nucleus No nuclear membrane or True nucleus, consisting of
    nucleoli (nucleoid) nuclear membrane & nucleoli

    Membrane-enclosed Absent Present; examples include


    organelles lysosomes, Golgi complex,
    endoplasmic reticulum,
    mitochondria & chloroplasts

    Flagella Consist of two protein Complex; consist of multiple


    building blocks microtubules

    Glycocalyx Present as a capsule or slime Present in some cells that lack


    layer a cell wall
    Cell wall Usually present; chemically When present, chemically
    complex (typical bacterial cell simple
    wall includes peptidoglycan)

    Plasma membrane No carbohydrates and Sterols and carbohydrates that


    generally lacks sterols serve as receptors present

    Cytoplasm No cytosketeton or Cytoskeleton; cytoplasmic


    cytoplasmic streaming streaming

    Ribosomes Smaller size (70S) Larger size (80S); smaller size


    (70S) in organelles

    Chromosome (DNA) Single circular chromosome; Multiple linear chromosomes


    arrangement lacks histones with histones

    Cell division Binary fission Mitosis

    Sexual reproduction No meiosis; transfer of DNA Involves meiosis


    fragments only (conjugation)

    You might also like