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Image Quality Techniques

The document discusses Mean Squared Error (MSE) and how it is used to measure the average of error squares between estimated and true values. It provides an example calculation of MSE. It then discusses how scikit-learn implements MSE and other machine learning algorithms like support vector machines (SVM) and logistic regression. It also briefly discusses using the Python Imaging Library (PIL) to adjust image sharpness by enhancing or blurring an image.

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70 views6 pages

Image Quality Techniques

The document discusses Mean Squared Error (MSE) and how it is used to measure the average of error squares between estimated and true values. It provides an example calculation of MSE. It then discusses how scikit-learn implements MSE and other machine learning algorithms like support vector machines (SVM) and logistic regression. It also briefly discusses using the Python Imaging Library (PIL) to adjust image sharpness by enhancing or blurring an image.

Uploaded by

plmqwerty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Python | Mean Squared Error

MSE using scikit – learn:

The Mean Squared Error (MSE) or Mean Squared Deviation (MSD) of an estimator
measures the average of error squares i.e. the average squared difference between the
estimated values and true value. It is a risk function, corresponding to the expected value of
the squared error loss. It is always non – negative and values close to zero are better. The
MSE is the second moment of the error (about the origin) and thus incorporates both the
variance of the estimator and its bias.
Example:
Consider the given data points: (1,1), (2,1), (3,2), (4,2), (5,4)
using formula found for MSE in step 6 above, we can get MSE = 0.21606
scikit-learn
implementation

Scikit-learn is largely written in Python, and uses NumPy extensively for high-performance
linear algebra and array operations. Furthermore, some core algorithms are written in Cython to
improve performance. Support vector machines are implemented by a Cython wrapper
around LIBSVM; logistic regression and linear support vector machines by a similar wrapper
around LIBLINEAR. In such cases, extending these methods with Python may not be possible.
Scikit-learn integrates well with many other Python libraries, such as Matplotlib and plotly for
plotting, NumPy for array vectorization, Pandas dataframes, SciPy, and many more.

The scikit-learn project started as scikits.learn, a Google Summer of Code project by David
Cournapeau. Its name stems from the notion that it is a "SciKit" (SciPy Toolkit), a separately-
developed and distributed third-party extension to SciPy.The original codebase was later
rewritten by other developers. In 2010 Fabian Pedregosa, Gael Varoquaux, Alexandre Gramfort
and Vincent Michel, all from the French Institute for Research in Computer Science and
Automation in Rocquencourt, France, took leadership of the project and made the first public
release on February the 1st 2010. Of the various scikits, scikit-learn as well as scikit-image were
described as "well-maintained and popular" in November 2012. Scikit-learn is one of the most
popular machine learning libraries on GitHub.

IMAGE SHARPNESS

Python Pillow – Sharpen Image

You can change the sharpness of the image using ImageEnhance class of PIL library.

Steps to Sharpen Image using PIL


To adjust image sharpness using Python Pillow,

 Read the image using Image.open().


 Create ImageEnhance.Sharpness() enhancer for the image.
 Enhance the image sharpness using enhance() method, by the required factor.

By adjusting the factor you can sharpen or blur the image.

While a factor of 1 gives original image. factor>1 sharpens the image while factor<1 blurs the image.

Overview
The Python Imaging Library adds image processing capabilities to your Python interpreter.

This library provides extensive file format support, an efficient internal representation, and fairly
powerful image processing capabilities.

The core image library is designed for fast access to data stored in a few basic pixel formats. It
should provide a solid foundation for a general image processing tool.

Python Imaging Library (expansion of PIL) is the de facto image processing package for
Python language. It incorporates lightweight image processing tools that aids in editing,
creating and saving images. Support for Python Imaging Library got discontinued in 2011, but
a project named pillow forked the original PIL project and added Python3.x support to it.
Pillow was announced as a replacement for PIL for future usage. Pillow supports a large
number of image file formats including BMP, PNG, JPEG, and TIFF. The library encourages
adding support for newer formats in the library by creating new file decoders.
This module is not preloaded with Python. So to install it execute the following command in
the command-line:
pip install pillow

PSNR value
The PSNR block computes the peak signal-to-noise ratio, in decibels, between two images. This ratio is used as a
quality measurement between the original and a compressed image. The higher the PSNR, the better the quality of
the compressed, or reconstructed image.
The mean-square error (MSE) and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) are used to compare image compression
quality. The MSE represents the cumulative squared error between the compressed and the original image, whereas
PSNR represents a measure of the peak error. The lower the value of MSE, the lower the error.

Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is the ratio between the maximum possible power of
an image and the power of corrupting noise that affects the quality of its
representation. To estimate the PSNR of an image, it is necessary to compare that
image to an ideal clean image with the maximum possible power.
PSNR is defined as follows:

Here, L is the number of maximum possible intensity levels (minimum intensity level
suppose to be 0) in an image.
MSE is the mean squared error & it is defined as:
Where, O represents the matrix data of original image. D represents the matrix data of
degraded image. m represents the numbers of rows of pixels and i represents the
index of that row of the image. n represents the number of columns of pixels
and j represents the index of that column of the image.
RMSE is the root mean squared error.
Here, we have an original image and it’s compressed version, let’s see
the PSNR value for these images,
PSNR is most commonly used to estimate the efficiency of compressors, filters, etc.
The larger the value of PSNR, the more efficient is a corresponding compression or
filter method.

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