Operating
System
What is an Operating System (OS)?
The common functions of an Operating System
Managing
Resources
Prov nterface
user
ons
Appl ning
iding
icati
i
Run
Operating
an
System
Co r
n fo ty
co trol t
or tili
ha mpu to th p p u s
rd
wa ter e Su ilt in ram
re bu rog
p
Components of OS
➢ Process management
➢ Memory management
➢ I/O device management
➢ File system
➢ Protection
➢ Network management
➢ Network services
➢ User interface
Operating System Interface
Command line interface Graphical user interface
A command line interface (CLI) A graphical user interface(GUI)
is a text -based user interface is a system of interactive visual
(UI) used to view and manage components for computer
computer files. CLI processes software. A GUI displays objects
commands to computer that convey information and
program in the form of lines of represents actions that can be
text. taken by the user.
Command line interface Graphical user interface
Types of Operating System
➢ Real-time operating system
➢ Single-User/Single-Tasking
➢ Single-User/Multi-Tasking
➢ Multi-User/Multi-Tasking
Real-time Operating System
Real time operating system is designed to run
real-time applications. It can be both single
and multi-tasking. Examples include Abbasi,
AMS RTOS, etc.
Advantages:
➢ Works very fast
➢ Time saving
➢ Since it very small, it occupies less space
in memory.
Single-User/Single-Tasking OS
An operating system that allows a single user to perform only
one task at a time. Functions like printing document,
downloading images, etc, can be performed only one at a
time. Examples include MS-DOS, Palm OS, etc.
Advantages:
➢ Occupies less space in memory.
Disadvantages:
➢ Can perform only one single task at a time
Single-User/Multi-Tasking OS
An operating system that allows a single user to
perform more than one task at a time is called
Single-User Multitasking Operating System. Examples
include Microsoft Windows and Macintosh OS.
Advantages:
➢ It is time saving as it performs multiple tasks at a
time yielding high productivity.
Disadvantages:
➢ This operating system is highly complex and
occupies more space
Multi-User/Multi-Tasking OS
It is an operating system that permits several users to utilize the
programs that are concurrently running on a single network server. The
single network server is termed as "Terminal server". "Terminal client" is
a software that supports user sessions. Examples include UNIX, MVS,
etc.
Advantages:
➢ Highly productive as it performs multiple tasks at a time.
➢ time saving as we don’t have to make changes in many desktops,
instead can make changes only to the server.
Disadvantages:
➢ If the connection to the server is broken, user cannot perform any
task on the client as it is connected to that server.
Examples
❏ Common Operating Systems:
-Windows (Used in IBM compatible microcomputers)
-Mac OS (Graphical user interface–based operating systems developed by
Apple Inc. for their Macintosh line of computer systems)
-UNIX (Multi-User/Multi-Tasking OS used in minicomputers and
microcomputers)
-Linux (Enables applications and the computer operator to access the devices
on the network to perform desired functions. Used in microcomputers)
Different Types of Operating System
UNIX DOS Mac OS MS Windows Linux Palm OS
Multi-user/ Single-user/ Single-user/ Single-user/ Multi-user/ Single-user/
multi-tasking single-tasking multi-tasking multi-tasking multi-tasking multi-tasking
Command line Command line GUI GUI Command line GUI
user interface user interface user interface,
GUI
It has several DOS has been Mac OS has The first true Linux is an They are
versions but they replaced by MS easy to use MS Windows open source specifically
lack Windows OS GUI is MS software. designed for
interoperability Windows-95 PDA
Network OS Desktop OS Desktop OS Desktop OS Network OS Mobile OS
Advantages and Disadvantages of OS
Advantages Disadvantages
➢ O/S provides the interface between the ➢ Unknown users can can system without
users and hardware. user’s permission.
➢ Allows to User Friendly GUI for all ➢ If operating system get fault then all
users. data can be destroyed from O/S.
➢ Not required any technical skills for ➢ Required guarded page tables
operating GUI O/S. ➢ Need more memory for memory
➢ Cost effective. management.
➢ provides the assistance for managing ➢ It is very difficult task for providing the
the all I/O devices of computer system. entire protection from all viruses
➢ can be updated time by time without because any threat can be inserted any
any hassle. time.
