For ease of references, input parameters are listed in alphabetical

order. Either English or SI unit can be used depending on whether the input

parameter NUNIT is 0 or 1. In U. S. customary unit, length is in inches

(in.); pressure, stress, or modulus is in pounds per square inch (psi); and

unit weight is in pounds per cubic feet (pcf). In SI unit, length is in

centimeters (cm), pressure is in kilonewtons per square meter(kN/m^2 or kPa),

and unit weight is in kilonewtons per cubic meter (kN/m^3). The actual unit

to be used for each input parameter is shown on the input screen to avoid

confusion.

The conversion of nonlinear coefficient K1 of granular material from

English to SI units needs clarification. According to Eq. 3.8, p. 100,

E = K1(theta)^K2, where theta is the first stress invariant or the sum of

the three principal stresses. If English unit is used to plot E vs theta,

then E, K1 and Theta are in psi. If SI unit is used for the plot, they are

all in kPa. To convert K1 from psi to kPa, the effect of theta on K1 should

also be considerd. Since E = K1 x 6.895 x (theta / 6.895)^K2, K1 in Pa =

(K1 in psi) x (6.895)^(1 - K2). For example, if K1 = 10,000 psi and K2 =

0.4, then K1 = 10,000 x (6.895)^(1 - 0.4) = 31,860 kPa.

The input parameters are listed below with the maximum dimension of each

array shown. The parameter which determines the actual dimension is

indicated in parentheses after the definition.

BETA(12) - temperature shift coefficient, or the slope of time-

temperature shift factor versus temperature on a semilog plot (NVL), as

shown in Figure 2.38, p. 85. For hot mix asphalt, use 0.113.

CP(12) - contact pressure on circular loaded area (NLG).

CR(12) - contact radius of circular loaded area (NLG).

CREEP(12,15) - creep compliance at reference temperature (NVL, NTYME).

DEL - tolerance for integration involving Bessel functions, 0.001

suggested.

DELNOL - tolerance for nonlinear analysis, 0.01 suggested.

DUR - duration of moving loads, assign 0 for stationary loads, 0.1 sec

for 40 mph and increasing proportionately with decreasing speed.

E(19,12)- elastic modulus of each layer (NL,NPY). Use as assumed modulus

when the layer is nonlinear. Assign 0 or any value for viscoelastic layer.

EMAX(12,12)- maximum elastic modulus of clayed layer (NOLAY,NPY). If

EMAX is assigned a very large value, there is no horizontal cutoff line and

the sloping K3 line will be extended until it hits the vertical axis (see

Figure 3.6, p. 102).

EMIN(12,12) - minimum elastic modulus of clayey layer (NOLAY,NPY). If

EMIN is assigned 0, there is no horizontal cutoff line and the sloping K4 or

K3 line will be extended until it hits the horizontal axis (see Figure 3.6,

p. 102).

FT(5,19) - damage coefficients (5, NL). Subscripts 1, 2 and 3 are

the fatigue coefficients for bottom tension as shown by Eq. 3.6, p. 98, and

subscripts 4 and 5 are the permanent deformation coefficients for top

compression, as shown by Eq. 3.7, p. 98.

Values suggested by the Asphalt

Institute are 0.0796 (0.414 for SI unit), 3.291, 0.854, 1.365E-9, and 4.477.

GAM(19) - unit weight of each layer (NL). Suggested values are

145 pcf (22.8 kN/m^3) for HMA,

135 pcf (21.2 kN/m^3) for granular materials, and

125 pcf (19.6 kN/m^3) for soil.

ICL - maximum number of integration cycles involving Bessel functions,

80 suggested.

INT(18) - condition at each interface (NL - 1). Assign 1 for bonded

interface and 0 for frictionless interface.

ITENOL - maximum number of iterations for nonlinear analysis, 15

suggested.

KO(12) - coefficient of earth pressure at rest (NOLAY). Suggested

values are 0.6 for granular materials and 0.8 for fine grained soils.

K1(12,12) - nonlinear coefficient of granular layer or break point

modulus for clayey layer (NOLAY, NPY).

K2(12) - nonlinear exponent for granular layer or deviator stress at

break point for clayey layer (NOLAY).

K3(12) - slope of straight line relationship between resilient modulus

and deviator stress for clayey layer when the deviator stress is smaller

than K2 (NOLAY).

K4(12) - slope of straight line relationship between resilient modulus

and deviator stress for clayey layer when the deviator stress is greater

than K2 (NOLAY).

LAYNO(12) - nonlinear layer number at which elastic modulus is stress

dependent (NOLAY).

LNBT(19) - layer number for damage analysis of bottom tension (NL).

LNTC(19) - layer number for damage analysis of top compression (NL).

LNV(12) - layer number which is viscoelastic (NVL).

LOAD(12) - type of loadings,

0 for single axle with single tire,

1 for single axle with dual tires,

2 for tandem axles, and

3 for tridem axles (NLG).

MATL - material property,

1 for linear elastic,

2 for nonlinear elastic,

3 for linear viscoelastic, and

4 for combination of nonlinear elastic and linear viscoelastic.

NCLAY(12) - type of nonlinear layer (NOLAY).

Assign 1 for clayey layer

and 0, or any value other than 1, for granular layer.

NDAMA - index for damage analysis,

0 for no damage analysis,

1 for damage analysis with summary printout, and

 2 for damage analysis with detailed printout.

NBOND - type of interface between two layers,

1 when all layers are bounded and

0 when some interfaces are unbonded or frictionless.

NL - total number of layer, maximum 19.

NLBT - number of layers for bottom tension, maximum 19.

NLG - number of load groups, maximum 12.

NLTC - number of layers for top compression, maximum 19.

NOLAY - number of nonlinear layer, maximum 12.

NPROB - number of problems to be solved, maximum 5.

NPT(12) - number of points in x and y coordinates to be analyzed under multiple

wheels, maximum 25 (NLG).

NPY - number of periods per year, maximum 12.

NR(12) - number of radial coordinates to be analyzed under a single wheel, maximum

25 (NLG).

NSTD - computing code, 1 for vertical displacements only, 5 for vertical

displacements and four stresses, and 9 for vertical displacements, four

stresses, and four strains.

NTYME - number of times at which creep compliances are to be inputted,

maximum 15, suggested 11.

NUNIT - system of unit, 0 for English unit and 1 for SI unit.

NVL - number of viscoelastic layers, maximum 12.

NZ - number of vertical distances to be analyzed, maximum 19. Assign 0

 when NDAMA = 1 or 2

PHI(12,12) - angle of internal friction of granular layer (NOLAY,NPY).

Three methods can be used for nonlinear analysis.

In method 1, PHI is assigned 0 so no tension is allowed.

In method 2 PHI is assigned a large value representing the minimum modulus of the

granular material, so no stress adjustment is needed.

In method 3. PHI is assigned a realistic friction angle between 30 to 60.

PR (19) - Poisson 's ratio of each layer (NL). Suggested values are

0.3 for HMA and granular materials and

0.45 for fine grained soils.

RC(25, 12) - radial distance, or r coordinate, of each point to be

analyzed (NR(NLG),NLG).

RCNOL - radial coordinate on pavement surface for computing elastic

modulus of nonlinear layer under single wheel. Assign 0 or any value if

there is no single wheel. The same RCNOL is used for all load groups with

a single wheel.

RELAX(12) - relaxation factor for nonlinear analysis, 0.5 suggested(NPY).

The use of relaxation factor is to insure the convergence of elastic

modulus. If the results diverge, smaller relaxation factors should be used.

SLD - slope of load distribution for computing the elastic modulus of

nonlinear layer.

TEMP(12,12) - pavement temperature for each viscoelastic layer during

each period (NPY, NVL).

 TEMREF(12) - reference temperature of each viscoelastic layer at which

creep compliances are determined (NVL).

TH(18) - thickness of each layer (NL-1). The last layer is infinite in

thickness and need not be inputted.

TITLE - any title or comments, if possible, not more than 68 characters

including spaces.

TNLR(12,12) - total predicted number of load repetitions for each load

group in each period (NPY,NLG).

TYME(15) - times at which creep compliances are to be inputted (NTYME).

Suggested values with NTYME of 11 are 0.001, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3,

1, 3, 10, 30, 100 sec.

XPT(25) - x coordinates of points to be analyzed (NPT).

XPTNOL - x coordinate of point on pavement surface for computing elastic

modulus of nonlinear layer under multiple wheels. Assign 0 or any value

if there are no multiple wheels. The same XPTNOL is used for all load

groups with multiple wheels.

XW(12) - center to center spacing between two axles along x axis (NLG).

Assign 0 if only one axle exists.

YPT(25) - y coordinates of points to be analyzed (NPT).

YPTNOL - y coordinate of point on pavement surface for computing elastic

modulus of nonlinear layer under multiple wheels. Assign 0 or any value

if there are no multiple wheels. The same YPTNOL is used for all load

groups with multiple wheels.

 YW(12) - center to center spacing between two dual wheels along y axis

(NLG). Assign 0 if there is only one wheel.

ZC(19) - vertical distance, or z coordinate, of each point (NZ). When

the point is located exactly at the interface between two layers, the results

are at the bottom of upper layer. If the results at the top of lower layer

are desired, a slightly larger z coordinate, say 0.0001 or larger, should be

used.

ZCNOL(12) - z coordinate of points for computing elastic modulus of

nonlinear layer (NOLAY). If the base or subbase is subdivided into serval

layers, as suggested for method 1, the points are located at the midheight

of each layer with PHI =0. If they are not subdivided, the upper third or

quarter point will be used with PHI = K1, as suggested for method 2, and a

point at the midheight with PHI = 40 for a weak subgrade and PHI = 50 for a

strong subgrade will be used, as suggested for method 3.