Existing Rural Education System in India

Existing Rural Education System In India
Introduction
The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is the flagship programme launched by the Government of
India to achieve the Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE) in a time-bound manner
as mandated by the Constitution of India. The 86th amendment to the Constitution of India
made the Right to Education a Fundamental Right. The Right to Education provides for free
and compulsory education to children aged between 6-14 years.
The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) anchors the SSA programme. The
SSA programme has been operational from 2000-2001. However, with the introduction of
the Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009, changes were made in the SSA scheme.
The SSA scheme is implemented in partnership with the State Governments to cover the
entire country and address the requirements of 192 million children in 1.1 million
habitations. In 2018, the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha
Abhiyan were subsumed and merged to form the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan scheme.
Objectives of SSA
• All children in school. Education Guarantee Centre, Alternate School, 'Back-to-School' camp
by 2003.
• All children complete five years of primary schooling by 2007.
• All children complete of elementary schooling by 2010.
• Focus on elementary education of satisfactory quality with emphasis on education for life.
• Bridge all gender and social category gaps at primary stage by 2007 and at elementary
education level by 2010.
• Universal retention by 2010.
Features of SSA
• Programme with a clear time frame for universal elementary education.
• A response to the demand for quality basic education all over the country.
• An opportunity for promoting social justice through basic.
• An expression of political will for universal elementary education across the country.
• A partnership between the central, state and the local government.
• An opportunity for states to develop their own vision of elementary education.
• An effort at effective involving the Panchayati Raj Institutions, school management

Committees, village and urban slum level Education Committees, parent's Teachers'
Associations, Mother-Teacher Associations, Tribal Autonomous councils and other
grassroots level structures in the management of elementary schools.
AIMS OF SSA
• To provide useful and elementary education for all children in the 6-14 age group by 2010.
• To bridge social, regional and gender gaps with the active participation of community in the
management of schools.
• To allow children to learn about and master their natural environment in order to develop
their potential both spiritually and materially.
• To inculcate value-based learning this allows children an opportunity to work for each
other's well being rather than to permit mere selfish pursuits.
• To realize the importance of Early Childhood Care and education and looks at the 0-14 age
as a continuum.
Achievements of SSA
 As per Unifi ed District Information System for Education (UDISE) data for
2014-15, Gross enrolment ratio (GER) stands at 98.85% for boys and
101.43% for girls which indicates universal enrolment at primary level. At
upper primary level the GER is 87.71% for boys and 95.29% for girls.
 Total enrolment in elementary schools has risen from 18.7 crore in 2009
to 19.76 crore in 2014-15.
 The pupil teacher ratio (PTR) has risen from 32 in 2009-10 to 25 in 2014-
15. Also, nearly 63% of government schools have PTR as per RTE norms
i.e. 30:1 for primary level and 35:1 for upper primary.
 Number of out of school children has come down from 134 lakhs in 2005
to 61 lakhs in 2013.
 As per UDISE 2014-15, the average annual dropout rate has come down
from 6.76% in 2009 to 4.34% in 2014 at primary level.
 As per UDISE 2014-15, the transition rate from primary to upper primary
has gone up from 85 % in 2009 to 90% in 2014.
 The gender parity index has reached at 1.02 at primary level and 1.06 at
upper primary level.
 At elementary level the enrolment of SC children stands at 19.80% which
is more than their share in population (16.6% as per census, 2011).
 Similarly, at 10.47% the enrolment level for ST children is higher than their
share in population.
 As per UDISE 2014-15 around 23.18 lakh children with special needs have
been brought into the fold of education (in formal schools, or through
home based tutoring, or by school readiness programmes). The SSA
focuses on teacher training, aids and appliances for children with special
needs.
 Under the Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) component of SSA,
3600 schools have been opened specifi cally targeting drop out girls from
regions with low literacy levels and regions with high share of minority
and SC/ST population. These schools today enroll close to 3.5 lakh girls
Compliance on Infrastructure standards is as follows-
 98% of habitations have a primary school within one kilometer and 92%
have an upper primary school within three kilometers of walking distance.
 96% of schools have drinking water facility.
 Now every government school have separate toilet for girls and boys.
 72.24% of schools have ramp facility for differently-abled.
 54% of schools have a playground.
 58.44% schools have a boundary wall.
 86% schools have a kitchen shed for cooking mid-day meals.
Recent initiatives under SSA to improve quality of education
 Almost all the states have adopted curriculum reforms under the National
Curriculum Framework proposed by the NCERT. This includes changes in
pedagogy, assessment and teacher training so as to make the learning
process more rewarding.
 Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat initiative has been launched to improve
comprehension and arithmetic skills of students so as to improve the
learning outcomes. Under this sub-mission, special material has been
prepared for the Tribal children to bridge language and learning gaps.
 Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan has been launched to encourage and motivate
children in science, mathematics and technology.
 National Programme on School Standards and Evaluation (NPSSE) has
been launched to evaluate the performance of schools in terms of quality
of education, teachers’ performance and learning outcomes. Such an
evaluation is to be followed by remedial measures.
DisAdvantages of SSA
• Despite these achievements of the SSA, keeping students in school throughout

their schooling career is a challenge as dictated by high dropout rates.
Nationally 29% of students dropout before completing fi ve years of primary
schooling and 43% dropout before fi nishing upper primary school. The high
school completion rate is only 42%. These fi gures sum up to reveal that India
has 1.4 million out of school children in the age group of 6-11.
• There is vast shortage of teachers across all the levels. The primary schools
need additional 689000 teachers to fulfi ll the RTE norms for Pupil teacher ratio.
Even though under the Swacch Vidyalaya Mission (Sub mission under Swacch
Bharat Mission) all schools now have a designated girls’ and boys’ toilet, a
closer scrutiny reveals that only 53% of such girls’ toilets are functional.
• The provisions of SSA and the RTE have some under most severe criticism for
poor quality of learning across all levels of schooling. As per Pratham’s ASER
reports, close to 78% students in Class III and 50% students of class V cannot
read a class II text. Only 25% of class III students are able to solve a two digit
subtraction problem. Alarmingly, about 20% of class II students cannot
recognize numbers up to 9.
• There is lack of accountability under SSA which manifests itself in poor

learning outcomes and poor attendance rates of teachers.

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Existing Rural Education System In India

• All children complete five years of primary schooling by 2007.

• All children complete of elementary schooling by 2010.

• Universal retention by 2010.

• Programme with a clear time frame for universal elementary education.

• An opportunity for promoting social justice through basic.

• A partnership between the central, state and the local government.

• An opportunity for states to develop their own vision of elementary education.

• An effort at effective involving the Panchayati Raj Institutions, school management

Compliance on Infrastructure standards is as follows-

Recent initiatives under SSA to improve quality of education

• Despite these achievements of the SSA, keeping students in school throughout

• There is lack of accountability under SSA which manifests itself in poor

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