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Slide 5 Computer Hardware

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Sanskriti Lamichhane
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51 views42 pages

Slide 5 Computer Hardware

Uploaded by

Sanskriti Lamichhane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Hardware

Computer

A programmable electronic machine


that performs high-speed
mathematical or logical operations or
that assembles, stores, correlates, or
otherwise processes information.
The Basic Structure of A Computer
System Consists of Three Parts
1. CPU
Performs arithmetic and logic operations
2. INPUT – OUTPUT DEVICES (Peripherals)
Keyboard, Monitor, Modem, Mouse, Joystick,
Speakers, Printers, etc.
3. MEMORY
Primary – directly accessible by the CPU.
Secondary – external memory for storing data.
Computer Hardware
The physical components of a
computer system, such as the
circuit boards, chassis, enclosures,
peripherals, cables, etc.

It does not include data or


computer programs.
Computer Diagram
The Block Diagram as shown below is a representation of
the fundamental pieces of any computer system. So
whether it is a PC or MAC or some other type of computer
it will have most if not all of these components.
Computer Hardware
RAM ROM
(Random Access Memory) (Read Only Memory)

Short term memory in a A small memory that


computer. When the allows fast access to
computer is turned off, all permanently stored data
the information stored but prevents addition to or
here disappears. A modification of the data.
memory device in which
information can be
accessed in any order.
Computer Hardware

RAM ROM
DRAM SRAM
DRAM (Dynamic RAM ) VS SRAM (Static RAM)

SRAM DRAM
SRAM has lower access time, its DRAM has a higher access time. It is slower
performance is better than DRAM in terms of than SRAM.
speed
SRAM is costlier than DRAM. DRAM cost is lesser compared to SRAM.

SRAM needs a constant power supply, which DRAM requires reduced power consumption
means it consumes more power. as the information stored in the capacitor.

SRAM offers low packaging density. DRAM offers a high packaging density.

Uses transistors and latches. Uses capacitors and very few transistors.

L2 and L3 CPU cache units are some The DRAM is mostly found as the main
general application of an SRAM. memory in computers.

The storage capacity of SRAM is 1MB to The storage capacity of DRAM is 1 GB to


16MB. 16GB.
SRAM is in the form of on-chip memory. DRAM has the characteristics of off-chip
memory.
DRAM VS SDRAM

DRAM operate in either a synchronous or an asynchronous mode. In the


synchronous mode all operations (read, write, refresh) are controlled by a
system clock.
The typical single data rate (SDR) SDRAM clock rates are 100 and 133 MHz.

SDRAM vs DDR
single data-rate (SDR) SDRAM--often referred to as simply SDRAM
Double-data-rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM (with the ability to transfer data on
both the rising and falling edges of the master clock)

DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 - What's the Difference?


Computer Hardware

Central Processing Unit (CPU)


or
Microprocessor
Central Processing Unit
Computer Hardware

The CPU is usually protected


from Heat by a
Heatsink and Fan combination
Fan and Heat Sink
Motherboard
Motherboard and It’s Classification

PCIe slot
Components of Motherboard

PCI slots
Processor
socket

Memory
slot

SATA
connector

ATX Power PATA/IDE


connector connector
Motherboard and It’s Classification
Motherboard
Computer Hardware

RAM CPU’s Hard Floppy CD ROM


Memory Processors Motherboards Drives Drives Drives

Video
Mice Keyboards Modems Monitors Printers
Cards

Multimedia Sound Video Backup Computer Other


Speakers Cards Camera Drive Cases Equipment
USB Flash Drives
USB flash drives are compact and easy-to-use
devices that are similar in use to your computer
hard drive. USB flash drives slip into your
pocket, conveniently around your neck or on a
keychain for ultimate portable storage.

USB flash drives also are called thumb drives,


jump drives, pen drives, key drives, tokens, or
simply USB drives.
Hard Disk and Read/Write Heads
Disk Track
Adding RAM
Power Input
AC Power Input

110 Volt / 220 Volt


Selection Switch
Input & Output Terminals

Most Computers have Icons and


Color Coded Connections to help
with attaching all the Required
and Optional Peripherals.
Input & Output Terminals

Keyboard Mouse
Universal
Universal
USB
Serial
Serial Bus
Bus

Serial port
Parallel
Printer
VGA connector

Display port (DP) connector


USB 2 -High Speed or HS, USB 3 is 10 times faster
480 Mbps (Megabits per than USB 2.0. Super Speed
second) or SS, 4.8 Gbps (Giga bits
per second)
Back of Drives
DVD DRIVE

CD/RW DRIVE

ZIP DRIVE

FLOPPY DRIVE

HARD DRIVE
Cards and Drives
Power Supply
Heat Sink and Fan
on CPU
RAM Cards
?
What is This?
?

? ?
? ?
Battery
Warning

Static Electricity can


Destroy Computer
Components

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