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Experiment No.: Name of The Experiment: Objectives

1. The experiment aims to study the compression of a helical spring by plotting the load against deflection and determining the spring's stiffness and modulus of rigidity. 2. A helical spring is placed in a universal testing machine and loaded, measuring the corresponding deflection. The data is used to calculate the average stiffness and modulus of rigidity. 3. The calculated modulus of rigidity does not match the actual value for carbon steel, likely due to errors in measurement and uncontrolled temperature/pressure during testing.

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Bayzid Mahmud
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85 views5 pages

Experiment No.: Name of The Experiment: Objectives

1. The experiment aims to study the compression of a helical spring by plotting the load against deflection and determining the spring's stiffness and modulus of rigidity. 2. A helical spring is placed in a universal testing machine and loaded, measuring the corresponding deflection. The data is used to calculate the average stiffness and modulus of rigidity. 3. The calculated modulus of rigidity does not match the actual value for carbon steel, likely due to errors in measurement and uncontrolled temperature/pressure during testing.

Uploaded by

Bayzid Mahmud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

: 05
Name of the Experiment: Study and observation of Compression test of a
Helical spring.

Objectives:
1. To draw a curve by plotting load against deflection.

2. To find the stiffness of the spring.

3. To compare theoretical stiffness with experimental value.

4. To find the modulus of rigidity.

Theory:
In mechanics, compression is the application of balanced inward forces to
different points on a material or structure that is force with no net or torque
directed so that reduce its size in one or more direction. It is connected with
tension or traction, the application of balanced outward forces and with shearing
forces directed so to displace layers of the material parallel to each other.

If a helical spring of circular cross section is subjected to and axial load, then in
any section of the spring there will develop shear stress and torsional stress and
the major part of this is shear stress. Practically all the spring elongation
measured along its axis, is caused by torsional deformation of the spring wire.
Deflection of helical spring is given by,

δ = (64PR3 n) / (Gd4 ) …………………… (i)

where,

P = Applied axial load

R = Mean radius

n = Number of coils

G = Modulus of rigidity
d = Wire diameter

Now, Spring stiffness, K = P/ δ Then from equation (i),

G = (64PR3 n) / ( δ d4 )

∴ Modulus of rigidity, G = (64KR3 n) / ( d 4 )

Here, P/ δ = (Gd4 ) / (64R3 n) is slope of P vs. δ curve

Apparatus:
1) Helical Spring
2) Veneer Calipers
3) Universal Testing Machine (Hydraulic type, maximum capacity of machine:
200 kN)
4) Dial Gauge

Working procedure:
1. At first, we measure the length inner, outer, and wire diameter of given
helical spring by using slide calipers. Also counted the turn number and
calculated the mean radius from the different of the inner and outer
diameter of the spring.
2. Then we put two supporting heads on two sides of the spring and placed it
between the table and mineable cross head of the UTM (Universal testing
machine). also set the dial indicator at proper position
3. Because of doing speedy deflection of the spring, we will get deflection
against the load in this experiment.
Putting the values in a data sheet we calculate the average of stiffness and plot
the load vs. deflection curve properly

Data:
Height of the spring (free length) = 72.1 mm

Wire diameter, d = 20.65 mm


Number of turns, n = 5

Outer diameter, Do = 58.75 mm

Inner diameter, Di = 38.10 mm

Mean Radius, R = 24.21 mm

Data Table:
Average
No. of Obs. Load, P (kN) Deflection, δ Stiffness Stiffness
(mm) (kN/mm) (kN/mm)
1 4.5 1.9 2.368

2 5 3.7 1.351

3 5.5 6.34 0.867

4 6 8.21 0.731

5 6.5 10.23 0.635

6 7 12.45 0.562 0.769

7 7.5 14.32 0.524

8 8 16.37 0.489

9 8.5 18.32 0.464

10 9 20.81 0.432

11 9.5 22.32 0.425

12 10 24.16 0.414
Calculations: (From Table)
Average Stiffness, k = 0.769 kN/mm

Modulus of rigidity, G = (64kR3n) / d4

= {64 * 0.769 * (24.21)3 * 5} / (20.65)4

= 19.20 kN/mm2

Graph:

Load Vs. Deflection Curve


12

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

In X-axis Deflection (mm) and In Y-axis Load (kN)

Calculations: (From Graph)


Deflection, δ = (24.16 – 1.9)

= 22.26 mm
Force, P = (10 – 5)

= 5 kN

G = (64PR3n) / δ d4

= { 64 * 5 * (24.21)3 * 5 } / {22.26 * (20.65)4 }

= 5.60 kN / mm2

Discussion:
The whole experiment was done with great care and attention but there were
some errors which were neglected. At the time of taking readings from the dial
gauge, the sight error was neglected. The actual value of the modulus of rigidity
of carbon steel is 80 kN/mm2, which is not equal to the experimental value. So the
stiffness is also differ from the experimental value. During the experiment,
temperature and pressure was not controlled properly.

Conclusion:
After the experiment, the procedure of plotting the load against deflection was
learnt. The procedure of finding the stiffness of the spring and modulus of rigidity
was also learnt. Moreover, the experiment increased the knowledge about
compression of helical spring.

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