1. Rotation Wheel (4 pts). A wheel rotates with a constant angular acceleration of 3.5 rads/s2.

If the
angular velocity of the wheel is 2.0 rads/s at t=0:

a. What angle does the wheel rotate through in 2 s?

b. What is the angular velocity at t = 2s?

Answer:

alpha = 3.5 rad/s^2

w0 = 2 rad/s

(a) thheta = w0 t + alpha t^2 /2 = 11 rad

(b) wf = wo + alpha t = 7 rad/s

2. Vroom Vroom (4 pts). A car accelerates uniformly from rest and researches a speed of 22m/s in 9s. If
the diameter of the tire is 58 cm, find

a. The number of revolutions that a tire during this motion, assuming no slipping occurs.

b. What is the final rotational velocity of a tire in revolutions per second?

Answer: Here,

initial speed , u = 0 m/s

final speed , v = 22 m/s

t=9s

diameter , D = 58 cm

radius of tire , r = 58/2 = 29 cm

r = 0.29 m

a) let the angular acceleration is a

v=u+a*t

22 = 0 + a * 9

a = 2.44 m/s^2

for the distance travelled

d = 99 m

number of revolutions = d/(2pi * r)

number of revolutions = 99/(2pi * 0.29)

number of revolutions = 54.34 revs

b) final rotational velocity = v/r

final rotational velocity = 22/.29

final rotational velocity = 75.9 rad/s

the final rotational velocity is 75.9 rad/s

3. Merry! Go! Around! (10 pts) Estimate the following quantities for you on the edge of a merry-go-
round:

a. Angular velocity

b. Typical tangential acceleration (while accelerating)

c. Typical radial acceleration

d. Kinetic energy (Use your angular velocity)

e. Angular momentum (Use your angular velocity)

Answer:

a) A playground merry-go-round has a mass of 120 kg and a radius of 1.80 m and it is rotating with an
angular velocity of 0.500 rev/s.

b) Linear or tangential acceleration refers to changes in the magnitude of velocity but not its direction,
given as

at=ΔvΔt

at=ΔvΔt

at=Δ(rω)Δt

at=Δ(rω)Δt

The radius r is constant for circular motion, and so

So putting values,

r=1.80m, Δ ω=0.500 rev/s.

a=0.9m/s2

c) radial acceleration=v2/r

Ra=(0.500)2/1.80

Ra=0.139m/s2

d) E rotational = 1/2 Iω2

Where I=120kg.m2, ω=0.500 rev/s

E rotational = 1/2 x 120 x (0.500)2

E rotational = 15J

e) L = mvr

L=(120kg) x (0.500m/s) x (1.80m)

L= 108 kg m2 s−1

5. Dumbbell goes ‘round and ‘round (2 pts): A uniform rod of mass M=3m and length L rotates in a
vertical plane about a frictionless pivot through its center. Particles of masses m1 =m and m2 =m are
attached at the ends of the rod.

Answer:

a. Determine the angular momentum when a specific angular velocity ωo is given.

Angular momentum of the system is given by,

L = Iw

Where I is the moment of inertia of the system

I = Irod+Im1+Im2

I =ML^2/12+ML^2/4+ML^2/4

I = 3mL^2/4
a) From equation (1), the angular momentum when angular velocity is \omega_o

L=(3mL^2) x wo /4

b) From the given figure, it can be observed that two mg force are giving equal and opposite torque to
the system when the rod is making an angle θ. Hence the net torque on the system is zero therefore,
angular acceleration of the system must be zero.

6. Wheel rolling (4 pts). A uniform hoop with a mass m=100g and Diameter of 1m rolls down an incline
plane (where 30°) without slipping.

a. How high does the hoop have to start in order to make exactly 3 revolutions before it gets to the flat
part of the ramp?
b. Show that its moment of inertia is given by mr2.

c. What is the potential energy at the height you calculated in part a.

Answer:

(a) If the loop has to make 3 revolutions then the length of incline must be equal to three times the
circumferene of the disc.

Length of incline used (r= 0.5m)

L =2πr

L =3.14 m

height can be calculate using trigonometry

h = Lsinθ

h = 3.14sin 30

h = 1.57 m

It should start from a height of 1.57 m( or 3.14 m along the incline)

(b) Since the loop is similar to a ring where all mass is concentrated at the circumference we can
calculate the moment of inertia using the relation

I = integral(0,r) x^2dm
x is the distance of the small mass dm from the center ,in this case of a loop all mass is at radius r from
the center so x = r (constant)

I = integral(0,r) r^2dm

I = r^2 integral(0,r) dm

I =m r^2

(c)Potential energy at height h

U =mgh

m =100g =0.1 Kg

U = 0.1(9.8)(1.57)

U = 1.54 J

(d) when the wheel reaches at the bottom the complete potential energy of the wheel gets converted
into kinetic enrgy

Potential energy at height h= Kinetic energy in rotation + Kinetic energy in linear motion

mgh = 1/2 mv^2 + 1/2 I ω^2

I =m r^2

ω = v/r

Putting these values we get

mgh = 1/2 mv^2 + \1/2 mr^2(v/r)^2

mgh = 1/2 mv^2 + 1/2 mv^2

mgh = mv^2

v^2 = gh

v = √gh

v = √9.8 X 1.57

v = 3.92 m/s

The velocity is 3.92 m.s

7. Rotating Rod (4 pts). A uniform rod of length L and mass M is free to rotate about a frictionless pivot
at one end. The rod is released from rest in the horizontal position.
a. What is the initial angular acceleration of the rod? (use Torques)

b. What is the initial linear acceleration of the right end of the rod?

c. What is the angular velocity of the rod when it is in its lowest position (use Energy)?

d. What is the linear velocity of the center of mass and the lowest point of the rod in the vertical
position?

Answer:

(a) ao=T/I

T=Mg (L/2) Sin (90) = Mgl/2

I=1/3ML^2

We know,

ao=(MgL/2)/(1/3ML^2)

=MgL/2 x 3/ML^2 =3/2g/L

So, A initial=3g/2L

(b) a = aL

a initial = A initial L

=3g/2L(L)

a initial=3g/2

(c) E initial = 0 + Mg(L/2)= MgL/2

E final = 1/2 Iwf2 + 1/2Mvf2

As, Vf=wf(L/2)

So, E final= 1/2 Iwf2 + 1/2M wf2 (L2/4)

=1/2(1/3 ML2wf2) + 1/8ML2wf2

E final = 7/24 ML2 wf2

By conservatios of energy E initial = E final

7/24 ML2 wf2= mgL/2

wf2 = 12g/7L
wf=√12g/L

(d) Vcm = wf L/2

Vcm = √12g/L (L/2)

Vcm = √3gL

V lowest= wf L

V lowest point = √12gL

8. My aching back! (10 pts) When you bend over at the waist, large forces are exerted on the discs
between your vertebrae. In particular, the force on the fifth lumbar vertebra can be quite substantial:

The diagram at right shows a free-body diagram for the spinal column. The force is the force exerted by
the pelvis on the base of the spine (at the fifth lumbar vertebra). Neither the direction nor the
magnitude of this force is known. The force is the force on the spine from the erector spinae muscles
(the muscles that run along your back). The magnitude of this force is not known, but it is known to
make an angle of 12° with the spine, as shown in the diagram. The other forces represent the fraction of
your body weight supported by your spine; the vector 0.4 represents the weight of your trunk, while the
vector 0.2 represents the weight of your head and arms. Assume a total body mass of 70 kg.

a) Determine the magnitude of while you maintain this position.

b) Determine the magnitude and direction of Fp.

Answer:

(a) The angle which force Fe makes is 72 degree ( 12 + 60)

Now, writing the force equations.

In x direction ,

Fpx - Fe*sin 72 = 0

In y direction

Fpy - 0.4mg - Fe*cos 72 - 0.2mg = 0

Taking torque about the spinal cord end ( where Fp acts)

(2L/3)Fe * sin 12 - L*0.2mg * sin 60 - (L/2) * 0.4mg * sin 60 = 0

Here , m = 70 kg, g = 9.8

0.1386Fe - 118.818 - 118.818 = 0

Fe = 1714.55 N

Fe = 1715 N

(b) Put the value of Fe in force equations

Fpx - 1715 * sin 72 = 0

Fpx = 1631.1 N

for second equation

Fpy - 0.4*70*9.8 - 1715*cos 72 - 0.2*70*9.8 = 0

Fpy = 941.6 N

so,

Fp = sqrt (Fpx2 + Fpy2)

Fp = 1885 N

direction

θ= arctan (Fpy / Fpx) = 30 degree

9. Walk the Plank! (8 pts) During a mutiny, the captain of the SS Physics (mpirate = 80 kg) is forced to
walk the plank (from left to right, see figure).
The plank is uniform and has a length L = 6 m and a mass of 20 kg.
a. Draw a free-body diagram of the board just before it tips.

b. How far can the pirate walk before the plank tips? Give your answer relative to the left edge of the
plank.

Answer:
b) Force balance

N2 = Mg + mg.

N2= (20+ 80)x 9.8

N2=980N

Torque balance about the left support,

Mg L/2 + mgx = N2 x 2L/3

mgx = 980 x 2 x 6 /3 - 20 x 9.8 x 6/2

x= 3332/80 x 9.8

x=4.25m

4.25 m from left edge