Design Guidelines
Design Guidelines
Appendix A – Additional Design Guidelines for the Central Business Zone District
and the Historic Downtown Area
City of Hamilton Building and Site Design Guidelines
INTRODUCTION
The Building and Site Design Guidelines apply to all areas within the City of Hamilton.
Some of these are older areas where development patterns are established and the adjoining
neighborhoods are a part of the design context. Others are newer locations where character is
emerging and natural resources are a part of the scene. In each case, the character and functional
qualities of each area can greatly enhance the community. Certain commercial corridors also
serve as key entry routes into the core of the city and set expectations for the quality of
development downtown. For these reasons, the city seeks to assure that nonresidential
commercial development will result in dynamic, attractive neighborhoods and also will reflect the
overall goals for high-quality design throughout the community. It is in this spirit that these
design guidelines are produced. This section establishes the objectives of the Building and Site
Design Guidelines and provides an overview of their organization. In addition, the process for
developing them is explained.
In this Chapter:
• Background
• Purpose and Application
• The Scope of the Design Guidelines
• Organization of the Design Guidelines
BACKGROUND
The City of Hamilton seeks to protect its unique character, which is a combination of
spectacular natural features and early building traditions. The community is fortunate to have a
strong downtown with a rich architectural history and the community wishes to respect those
design traditions in development of the city’s various commercial areas, while supporting their
unique identities.
Hamilton is a dynamic community and it is recognized that policy will change over time.
This will necessitate that plans reflect the evolving nature of new development, community
expectations and building economics. Therefore this undertaking establishing the Building and
Site Design Guidelines should be considered a “working tool” to guide the long term quality of
physical change in the community. Finally, dramatic improvements in the physical environment
cannot occur overnight. It takes years of small, incremental enhancements to cumulatively
produce an eventual result that can be appreciated. This requires a long term commitment by the
city to encourage higher quality development. In many ways, it is the next and future generations
that will benefit from this sustained effort.
alterations to existing properties are planned. The City’s Special Use Permit process provides a
review framework for evaluating deviations from the design guidelines.
In some cases, property owners may apply for “deviations” from underlying zoning
requirements. The general design objectives and guidelines will be used in the review of all
development proposals, regardless of whether “deviations” from basic code standards are being
sought. However, for projects requesting deviations, street frontage landscaping (trees and
shrubs), pedestrian spaces and amenities, and the criteria applicable to each neighborhood will be
applied with particular emphasis. The City’s Special Use Permit process provides a review
framework for evaluating deviations from the design guidelines.
These guidelines shall apply to all commercial zones within the city. When
improvements are proposed, the city will consider the appropriateness of the project within
the context of these guidelines.
It is the general intent that the review process should apply to areas abutting the
roadway where development could affect the character and function of the corridor. This
generally is the full depth of a parcel; however, in some circumstances where the parcel is quite
deep and extends beyond the district boundary, the entire parcel will comply with the design
guidelines.
The guidelines address three topics of design and an addendum addressing the central
business district.
• Neighborhood Design
• Site Design
Site design guidelines address the manner in which a building is placed on its site and in
which site functions are organized. It includes guidelines for landscaping, parking and treatment
of open space.
• Building Design
Building design guidelines address the basic mass, scale and materials of buildings. They
address only broad-scale topics and do not dictate architectural styles.
Note that all of these components constitute formal design policy and may be
used in determining the appropriateness of a proposal.
In many cases, compliance with a guideline can be achieved by meeting one of
the specific measures described in the “bullet” list. In a case where the specific
bullets do not apply, the guideline statement itself shall, and if that also does not
apply, then the policy statement shall be used. In this way, flexibility is provided
within a consistent structure.
NEIGHBORHOOD
DESIGN GUIDELINES
This chapter focuses on urban design concepts that connect individual properties and help knit
them into the fabric of a neighborhood. They address concepts that will help to link adjoining
properties and plan for ways in which abutting developments enhance each other and make use of
opportunities for coordinated, cooperative site planning.
CHAPTER 1
NEIGHBORHOOD DESIGN GUIDELINES
Design Guidelines:
A. Green Space
Policy:
Green space that can be enjoyed, both visually and functionally, should be provided in a project,
when feasible. The green space of an individual parcel should be coordinated with that of
adjoining properties as well, such that mutual benefits can be maximized. In many cases, this will
be provided in the required setback area, but may occur in some settings, in other parts of the site.
Guidelines:
• Coordinate green space with that of adjacent parcels such that they
are visually associated and are interpreted as a larger area.
• Also position green space to link access points with those of adjoining
properties.
B. Auto Connections
Policy:
Guideline:
1. Provide direct automobile access within or to an abutting property, when feasible. (+)
• Even where an adjoining parcel is presently undeveloped, reserve the opportunity to provide a
connection in the future.
• A cross-property easement may be used to assure access.
• Individual parking areas on large parcels should be connected internally.
Appropriate: A continuous, safe and convenient automobile circulation system should be provided between
adjacent properties and within properties when feasible. Connections should occur through parking areas.
Policy:
Guidelines:
1. Provide convenient pedestrian and bikeway connections among abutting properties. (+)
• Create an internal walkway that will link to those of adjacent properties.
Appropriate: In this development scenario a continuous “green edge” is shown with a coordinated
landscape treatment along several parcels. Automobile and pedestrian links also occur and site drainage is
incorporated as an amenity.
D. Street Character
Policy:
In addition to the design features described in this section, special streetscape elements may be
selected when an area plan is developed. For example, a distinctive light standard may be chosen,
along with a collection of benches and waste receptacles.
Guideline:
This section addresses the organization of uses on a site, the layout of pedestrian
and automobile circulation, the development of open space, the orientation
of buildings and landscape design.
Provide buildings that clearly establish the desired character for development
at major intersections.
Buildings at key intersections should strongly establish a pedestrian scale and address the road
edge.
In this Chapter:
A. Natural Features
B. Views
C. Cultural Resources
D. Topography
E. Site Drainage
F. Building Placement
G. Outdoor Public Spaces
H. Pedestrian and Bicycle Circulation Systems
I. Internal Automobile Circulation Systems
J. Parking Lots
K. Site Lighting
L. Utilities and Service Areas
M. Landscape Design
N. Buffers
CHAPTER 2
SITE DESIGN GUIDELINES
A. Natural Features
Policy:
A significant natural feature on a property should be incorporated as an asset in a site plan. For
example, waterways and mature trees should be incorporated into the development, when
feasible. When adjacent properties are developed, natural resources should serve as unifying
elements.
Guidelines:
1. Preserve and enhance existing significant natural resources in the area. (+)
Preserve existing drainage ways as amenities. Although a more natural planting scheme is required
today, the concept illustrated here, of making use of a drainage way as an asset, is valid.
B. Views
Policy:
Views from the public way to natural features also should be maintained. Therefore, view
opportunities should be identified for all major site developments. Significant views may occur
from major public open spaces, street intersections, bridges and roadway overlooks.
Guideline:
1. Enhance views from the public way to scenic natural features and
landmarks, when feasible. (+)
• Locate a building to maintain key views as they are seen from the public way.
• Site buildings in relation to adjoining properties to frame a view as it may be observed from
public rights-of-way. Avoid completely blocking such a view with a large building mass.
C. Cultural Resources
Policy:
Guidelines:
D. Topography
Policy:
Site work should be planned to protect the assets of the existing topography.
Guidelines:
3. Design a building foundation to conform to the existing topography, rather than creating
extensive cut and fill. (+)
• Step the foundation of a building to follow site contours, when feasible.
• If stepping the foundation is not possible, disguise the cut with building placement and/or
building walls, and provide a landscape buffer system at the top of cut.
5. Where one must be used, a retaining wall shall blend with the
natural features of the setting. (+)
• Use native rock, or:
• Use other masonry that conveys a scale and texture similar to that of traditional rock walls. Split
face block and scored and textured concrete are examples.
• Limit the height of a retaining wall to less than five (5) feet, when feasible.
• Where greater heights in a retaining wall must occur, use a series of terraced or stepped walls.
• The width of a retaining terrace should not be less than three (3) feet.
• The Office of Community Development may vary the retaining wall height and width
requirements depending on site conditions.
Appropriate: Site is terraced, including parking areas, to reduce retaining wall heights.
E. Site Drainage
Policy:
Guidelines:
Appropriate: Incorporate drainage systems as a part of the site amenities and landscape
design.
Appropriate: Include a detention area as part of the green space scheme for the when feasible. Also,
arrange buildings in a cluster to define outdoor space.
F. Building Placement
Policy:
Buildings should be sited to respect development patterns that are identified in the design
objectives such as the orientation of structures to the street, alignment of building fronts and
setbacks, relationship to neighboring properties, as well as the location of buildings at major
intersections.
Guidelines:
2. Where a major intersection occurs, provide a building anchor at the corner. (+)
• Define the corner with a strong building presence.
• Enhancing the corner with a pedestrian-friendly entrance plaza is
also encouraged. For example, this may include human scaled design
features such as benches and planters.
3. Organize the public edges of a site to provide visual interest to pedestrians. (+)
• Incorporate display windows or other architectural features to provide
interest. (See Building Design Guidelines section)
• Provide a landscape feature along the walkway edge.
• Locate a building at the walkway edge where possible. If it is not feasible, use a planting strip,
site wall or similar landscape feature to define the “building wall.”
5. A building shall be positioned to fit within the setbacks specified for the zone district. (+)
• Exceptions to the setback requirement may be considered if an alternative
street edge treatment meets the intent of maintaining the
street wall, if a pedestrian place of refuge is provided and is designed
as a pedestrian friendly area, and/or if the site is constrained
such that the standard setback is not feasible. These exceptions will
be considered on a case-by-case basis.
Policy:
Guidelines:
2. Develop an outdoor public space as a focal point for the site. (+)
• Position this space such that it can be shared by adjoining buildings,
when feasible.
• Also, position outdoor public space on the site such that it may
visually or physically connect with outdoor public space on adjacent
properties.
• Integrate natural features into outdoor public space, when feasible.
• Orient outdoor public space to views of activities, architectural landmarks
or natural features to provide visual interest.
Appropriate: Provide an outdoor public space on a major site development when feasible.
Appropriate: Use a public open space to connect the entrances of two buildings on a
site.
Policy:
Pedestrians and bicyclists should have safe, convenient access to the various
functions of a site; therefore, a coordinated pedestrian and bicycle circulation
system that fits the character of the site should be provided.
Guidelines:
Appropriate: Link site elements, including parking areas, buildings and outdoor public spaces in a
coordinated system.
2. Position any street side and internal walkways to encourage pedestrian use. (+)
• Locate a walkway such that key destination points, such as building
entries, are clearly visible.
• Site a path in an area that will remain visible from active outdoor public spaces.
3. Use hard surface materials for walkways to encourage use by pedestrians. (+)
• Use materials that provide traction and facilitate general maintenance and snow removal.
4. Clearly define a key pedestrian entrance into a major site development with distinctive
landscape elements. (+)
Appropriate: Provide conveniently located bike rack(s) based on the size and
function of the site.
Policy:
This section focuses on the design of streets and driveways within a major site
development. Related guidelines addressing how these systems link to those on
abutting properties appear in the Neighborhood Design chapter. Note that all
site plans must provide circulation systems which meet the city’s street engineering
standards.
Guidelines:
Policy:
Entry points for automobiles should be clearly defined on a site to facilitate safe
and convenient operation.
Guideline:
Policy:
Guidelines:
Appropriate: Identify a key entry point into a major site development with special landscape
design elements.
J. Parking Lots
Policy:
The visual impacts of parking areas should be minimized and large expanses of
parking lots should be avoided. Using on-street and shared parking arrangements
should be considered to accommodate some parking needs as well.
Guidelines:
2. In order to reduce the land area for parking surface, use alternative methods of meeting
parking demand. (+)
• Share parking spaces with complementary uses that have different peak periods of parking
demand.
• Facilitate access to the site by alternative modes of transportation, including walking and
bicycle.
• Develop structured parking that may also incorporate other uses.
• Shared structure and surface parking is appropriate for large commercial projects.
Policy:
Guidelines:
Provide cross-property easements to share driveways and reduce the need for additional
curb cuts, when feasible
K. Site Lighting
Policy:
Site lighting should be designed to facilitate safe and convenient circulation of motorists,
bicyclists and pedestrians. Light levels should be sufficient for safety. However, light spill onto
adjacent properties and into the night sky should be minimized. The light level at the property
line is a key design consideration. This is affected by the number of fixtures, their mounting
height, and the lumens emitted per fixture.
Guidelines:
Policy:
Service areas should be visually unobtrusive and should be integrated with the
design of the site and the building.
Guidelines:
• Locate areas for outdoor storage, truck parking, trash collection or compaction loading, or other
such uses so as not to be visible from abutting streets.
2. Position service areas to minimize conflicts with other abutting uses. (+)
• Minimize noise impacts by locating sources of offensive sounds away from other uses.
• Use an alley system to locate service areas, when feasible.
M. Landscape Design
Policy:
Note that these guidelines supplement the city standards in §17.16.040 HMC,
That define the minimum amounts of land area to be landscaped and of plant
units to be used. They address the character and quality of the landscape design.
In general, plant materials that are indigenous or well-acclimated and non-invasive,
should be used.
Guidelines:
Policy:
The landscape design within a site should help to establish a sense of visual
continuity.
Guidelines:
N. Buffers
Policy:
When site development such as parking, storage and equipment areas create an
unavoidable negative visual impact on abutting properties or to the public way,
it should be mitigated with landscaping that may buffer or screen it. Landscape
design should complement the existing natural character and context of the site,
as well as the building design. This section provides direction for landscape
buffers.
Guidelines:
Innovative new designs that draw upon regional design traditions are preferred.
In this Chapter:
A. Building and Topography
B. Building Character
C. Primary Building Entrance
D. Street Level Interest
E. Building Mass and Scale
F. Roof Form
G. Building Materials
H. Building Complex
I. Service Canopies
J. Color
K. Utilities and Mechanical Equipment
This section provides policies and guidelines for the design of buildings in the commercial areas.
In general, they focus on promoting buildings that will be compatible in scale and appear to “fit”
in the community by using materials and forms that are a part of Hamilton’s design traditions. As
such, they address only broad-scale topics and do not dictate specific architectural styles or
building details.
Buildings should convey a high quality of design, in terms of their materials and details, as well
as through a consistent organization of forms and elements. This quality should establish a
standard for design throughout the community.
Buildings should reflect the design traditions of the region, in terms of building and roof forms.
Distinctive roof forms are a key part of this tradition. Sloping roofs, in gable, hip and shed
varieties are historical precedents to promote and they also help reduce the apparent bulk of larger
buildings and help to shed snowfall. Flat roofs with varied parapet lines and cornices are also a
part of the city’s design traditions and should be encouraged. Buildings that appear to be in scale
with those seen traditionally also should be encouraged. Where a new building would be larger
than those existing in the area, it should establish a transition in scale, to reduce the impact of
building scale on the adjacent property, as well as on the neighborhood.
Structures should use native building materials, be sited to fit with the land and incorporate colors
seen in the natural setting.
Each automobile trip begins and ends in a pedestrian mode. With this change comes a shift in the
scale of perception. As a pedestrian, finer grain details are more noticeable, which is particularly
relevant to architectural design.
CHAPTER 3
BUILDING DESIGN GUIDELINES
A. Building and Topography.
Policy:
Guideline:
Step a building foundation to follow the slope of the site when feasible.
• In general, an exposed building foundation should not exceed three (3) feet in height.
B. Building Character
Policy:
Guideline:
Innovative new designs that draw upon regional design traditions are preferred.
• Standardized “franchise” style architecture should be strongly discouraged.
Policy:
The primary entrance of a structure should orient to a street, major sidewalk, pedestrian way,
plaza, courtyard or other outdoor public space.
Guidelines:
D. Street-Level Interest
Policy:
When a building is located close to a street or walkway, it should be designed to provide interest
to pedestrians. For example, commercial buildings with storefronts are of interest to passersby,
while porches, courtyards and decorative wall surfaces add interest to multifamily housing
designs. These features encourage pedestrian activity and should be used whenever feasible. The
overall mass of a building should appear to be in scale with buildings seen traditionally. This will
help new structures fit with the Hamilton context. At the same time, newer structures may be
larger than those seen before; they should simply be articulated in their form and materials such
that they convey portions that are similar to those seen traditionally.
Guideline:
Develop the street level of a building to provide visual interest to pedestrians. (+)
• All sides of a building should include interesting details and materials to avoid presenting a
“back side” to neighboring properties.
For example, the sides of restaurants and specialty stores should
incorporate windows and display cases over at least a third of the
facade area.
• A large expanse of blank wall is inappropriate on any street oriented
facade.
Policy:
A building should appear to have a “human scale.” In general, this can be accomplished by using
familiar forms and elements that can be interpreted in human dimensions. A building should step
down in scale to a residential neighborhood and historic resources.
Guidelines:
In order to reduce building scale, each major building project shall provide all of the following:
1. Divide a building into modules that express dimensions of structures seen traditionally.
• In general, a primary facade plane should not exceed 100 feet in length.
• If a building exceeds this dimension, provide a jog in the facade to divide it into subordinate
elements that will be less than 100 feet in length each (the jog should be a minimum of 20% of
the façade plane height)
.
2. Buildings shall employ all of the following design techniques: (+)
• Change material or color with each building module to reduce the perceived mass,
• Change the height of a wall plane or building module. The change in height shall be at least 20
percent of the vertical height,
• Change roof form to help express the different modules of the building mass.
• Change the arrangement of windows and other facade articulation features, such as columns or
strap work, that divide large wall planes into smaller components.
3. Express facade components in ways that will help to establish a human scale
• Establish a pattern and rhythm on exterior walls to establish a human scale. Windows, columns,
and other architectural treatments used repetitively can create this effect.
• Using windows and doors that are similar in scale to those seen traditionally also can help
establish a human scale.
• Also, recess these elements, even if slightly, and articulate them with headers, sills, columns,
and/or mullions.
Appropriate: Express the position of each floor level to convey a human scale; this
can be accomplished by providing belt courses or other horizontal trim bands of
contrasting color and materials to define floor lines.
F. Roof Form
Policy:
The primary roof form of a structure should help reduce the perceived scale of
the building. For that reason, sloping roofs should be used in most contexts.
These also will help the building fit into the mountain backdrop. Varied roof
forms in the appropriate context are also encouraged.
Guidelines:
2. All roof forms shall have no less than two of the following
features:
• A flat roof with parapet
• A cornice or molding to define the top of a parapet
• Overhanging eaves
• Sloping roofs with a minimum pitch of 6:12
• Multiple roof planes
G. Building Materials
Policy:
Materials that reduce the perceived mass of a building and appear to blend with
the natural setting should be used. Traditionally, brick and stone were used, and
wood and stucco also appeared. This tradition should be continued. Alternative
materials may also be considered, when they convey a human scale in their
detailing.
Guidelines:
Appropriate: Stucco, when it is a tinted earth tone color and detailed to express
visual interest and convey a sense of human scale, is also appropriate.
H. Building Complex
Policy:
Guideline:
I. Service Canopies
Policy:
A gas station service area should appear as a subordinate element in the site
design.
Guideline:
J. Color
Policy:
Building finish colors should help a structure blend with the natural setting and
reduce its perceived scale.
Guideline:
Use muted colors and earth tones.
• This applies to roof materials as well.
• Bright colors are appropriate only for accents.
• A minimum of 75% of the exterior walls seen from a public way
should have muted colors.
Policy:
Utilities and mechanical equipment that serve properties may include telephone
and electrical lines, gas meters, air conditioners, telecommunication systems
and security systems. For new construction, adequate space should be planned
in a project from the outset and should be designed such that visual impacts are
minimized.
Guidelines:
• Provide adequate space for utilities. They should not simply be put
into “left over” space that abuts the public right-of-way.
• Locate utility or mechanical equipment at the rear or sides of a
property and screen them with landscaping if visible from the street.
The guidelines in this Appendix are additions to the City of Hamilton building and Site
Design Guidelines. Inconsistencies between the guidelines in this Appendix and the City
of Hamilton Building and Site Design Guidelines shall be resolved by applying the
guidelines in this Appendix within the geographic area defined below.
The area subject to the additional design guidelines included in this Appendix
encompasses all properties in the Central Business Zone District as well as the Historic
Downtown Area which is located in the historic downtown, and main street area, and
adjacent areas that have, or are planned to have, commercial and/or mixed-use
development with a storefront character. Typically, downtowns and main streets are
designed to give priority to pedestrians.
In addition to the Central Business Zone District and the Historic Downtown Area, these
design guidelines are applicable within an area defined as Main Street as the core of the
historical business district from First Street to Fifth Street, from State Street to Pinckney
Street, comprised of blocks 25,26,27,28,29,30,31, and 32; as well as blocks 15,16, and
17, between Pinckney Street and Cherry Street, from First to Fourth Streets.
Development Guidelines
All portions of the Central Business Zone District and the Historic Downtown Area shall
be accessible by a direct, convenient, attractive, safe, and comfortable system of
pedestrian facilities, and appropriate pedestrian amenities. The design of buildings
supports a safe and attractive pedestrian environment.
Building Entrances. Buildings shall have at least one primary entrance facing a street,
directly accessed by a sidewalk or plaza within 10 feet of the primary entrance; and every
building shall have at least one entrance that does not require passage through a parking
lot or garage to gain access; and corner buildings have corner entrances whenever
possible.
Facades. Blank walls. No blank wall that faces a public street, public plaza or walkway
shall exceed fifty (50) feet in length.
Storefronts. Storefronts are an integral part of a building and shall be integrally designed
with the upper floors to be compatible with the overall façade character. Buildings with
Rooflines. New commercial development may incorporate any form of shed, flat or gable
roofs, but such roofs shall be similar to the roofs of buildings within the block face.
Windows. If the building’s front façade is located on the front property line windows or
window displays shall be provided along at least 40-60 percent of the building’s façade.
Off-street parking access. Off-street parking and vehicle drives shall be located away
from building entrances, and not between a building entrance and the street, except as
may be allowed when a direct pedestrian connection is provided from the sidewalk to the
building entrance.
Vehicular Access. Unobstructed vehicular access to and from public street shall be
provided in such a manner as to protect the safety of persons using such access or
traveling in the public streets from which such access is obtained and in such manner as
to protect the traffic-carrying capacity of the public street from which such access is
obtained.
Design Guidelines
This section articulates the community’s design goals and objectives for new
development and redevelopment.
The following guidelines and standards are intended to implement the purposes of the
Central Business Zone District and the Historic Downtown Area, as described in Chapter
17.76.010. As discretionary approval criteria, Criterion 1-4, below, are meant to be
flexible, recognizing the wide range of commercial needs in the community and the
creativity of the market.
The applicant must demonstrate how his/her proposal conforms to all of the “guidelines”
listed in Criterion 1-4, below. The guidelines under each criterion must be used to satisfy
the criterion, or the applicant may propose an alternative approach, as approved by the
decision–making body, that better achieves the intent of the guidelines. Before a
development may be approved, the decision–making body must make findings that the
proposal satisfies the guidelines.
Guidelines:
A. If in the Central Business Zone District and the Historic Downtown Area
the development achieves a floor area ratio consistent with that provided
in Table 1, or a Long Term Development Plan is provided that
demonstrates how development may be intensified over time for more
efficient use of land and to meet the required F.A.R.; and
B. Opportunities for shared parking are utilized in the proposal; and
C. If the site contains more than one use, the site layout clusters buildings on
the site to promote linked trips. A cluster is a group of buildings that are
attached, oriented on adjacent street corners, or are close together such
that a pedestrian need not walk across more than 64 lineal feet of parking
and driveway area, or one double-loaded row of parking (not inclusive of
sidewalks, pathways, landscaping, plazas, and other pedestrian facilities),
whichever is less, between building entrances; and
D. The provisions of Parking, are met; and/or
E. The proposal contains an equally good or superior way to achieve the
above criterion.
Standards
Minimum lots size and width None
Maximum building coverage 100%
Maximum storefront set back 0
Maximum building height 2 stories, not to
exceed 40 feet
Maximum floor area ratio 2
Guidelines:
A. The proposal is a “mixed-use” development or contributes to a mixed-use
district. For the purposes of this ordinance, “mixed-use” means a
Guidelines:
A. The development provides at least 10 square feet of public space, in
addition to required sidewalk(s), for every 10 off-street surface parking
spaces or 1,000 square feet of floor space, whichever is greater.
B. The development does not diminish the safety, function, comfort or
attraction of an existing public space, as described in 1-4, below. A
superior design may enhance an existing public space and/or create a
superior public space(s).
1. “Safety” means both pedestrian safety near vehicles, and safety
related to crime prevention (see Criterion #3); and
2. The “function” of a public space may include transportation, in the
case of the sidewalk; recreation and socialization, in the case of a
plaza or park; and
3. “Comfort” means the ability of a public space to reasonably
accommodate expected uses; and
4. “Attraction” relates to the reason people use the public space;
and/or
C. The proposal contains an equally good or superior way to achieve the
above criterion.